Procedures 3 Unit 2
False
The entire cranial base should be demonstrated when doing the SMV for the facial bones. Select one: True False
Waters method
The figure attached demonstrates the: i Select one: a. Haas method b. Stenvers method c. Waters method d. Reverse Waters method
all facial bones in their entirety
The lateral projection of the facial bones clearly demonstrates the: Select one: a. maxillae b. petrous ridge c. petromastoid portion d. all facial bones in their entirety
maxillae
The maxillary sinus is located in which bone? Select one: a. temporal b. sphenoid c. maxillae d. ethmoid
30 degrees cephalically to enter the anatomy at or slightly below the lips
An AP axial projection of the facial bones must be obtained on a patient severely injured in a motor vehicle accident. If the patient is supine and the flexion of the head is adjusted so that the infraorbitomeatal line is perpendicular to the plane of the image receptor, the central ray should be directed: Select one: a. 30 degrees cephalically to enter the anatomy at or slightly below the lips b. 30 degrees caudally to enter the anatomy at or slightly above the glabella c. 15 degrees cephalically to enter the anatomy at or slightly below the anterior nasal spine d. 15 degrees caudally to enter the anatomy at or slightly above the nasion
1, 2, and 3
Angulation of the central ray may be required 1. to avoid superimposition of overlying structures. 2. to avoid foreshortening or self-superimposition. 3. to project through certain articulations. Select one: a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
18
At what age are all of the sinuses completely developed? Select one: a. 8 b. 10 c. 14 d. 18
¾ inch anterior to the level of the EAM
At which level should the CR enter the base of the skull for the SMV projection of the sinuses? Select one: a. ¾ inch posterior to the level of the EAM b. ¾ inch anterior to the level of the EAM c. ¾ inch below the mental protuberance d. 1 inch below the mental protuberance
at a level 1 inch posterior to the outer canthi
At which level will the CR be placed for the tangential projection of the zygomatic arch? Select one: a. level of the EAM b. level of the TMJ c. level of the outer canthi d. at a level 1 inch posterior to the outer canthi
2 and 3
Both zygomatic arches can be demonstrated on one projection for which of the following projections: 1) tangential 2) SMV 3) AP axial Select one: a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
halfway between the outer canthus and the EAM
For a lateral projection of the facial bones, the CR will enter: Select one: a. at the TMJ b. at the EAM c. at the outer canthus d. halfway between the outer canthus and the EAM
Malar surface of the zygoma
For a lateral projection of the facial bones, the central ray should be directed perpendicular to the image receptor to enter the anatomy at the: Select one: a. Outer canthus of the eye b. Malar surface of the zygoma c. eternal auditory meatus d. angle of the mandible
True
For the Parietoacanthial projection for the facial bones, the MSP should be perpendicular to the cassette. Select one: a. True b. False
False
For the SMV for the facial, the central ray should be directed perpendicular to the IOML, entering the midline of the base of the skull so that it passes through the sella turcica. Select one: a. True b. False
False
For the SMV projection for the facial bones, the entire cranial base should be demonstrated. Select one: a. True b. False
True
For the SMV projection for the sinuses bones, the distance from the mandibular condyles and the lateral border of the skull should be the same. Select one: a. True b. False
False
For the SMV projection for the sinuses, the orbitomeatal line should parallel the cassette. Select one: a. True b. False
37º
For the Waters method, the orbitomeatal line is placed at what angle to the IR? Select one: a. 30º b. 35º c. 37º d. 55º
at a level 1" posterior to the outer canthus
For the attached position, the central ray should enter: Select one: a. At the level of the outer canthus b. at a level ¾ anterior to the EAM c. at a level 1" posterior to the outer canthus d. at the level of the EAM
Petrous ridges immediately inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses
For the attached position, which evaluation criteria should be used? Select one: a. Petrous ridges immediately inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses b. Petrous ridges found in the lower 1/3 of the orbits c. Orbital roofs are superimposed d. Optic foramina found in the lower outer 1/3 of the orbits.
tip of the chin
For the modified Waters position, the anatomy which should rest on the image receptor is the: Select one: a. tip of the chin b. chin and nose c. forehead d. forehead
acanthion
For the open-mouth modification of the Waters method, the CR should exit the: Select one: a. nasion b. glabella c. acanthion d. open mouth
infraorbitomeatal line
For the tangential projection of the zygomatic arch, the CR is directed perpendicular to the: Select one: a. infraorbitomeatal line b. mentomeatal line c. orbitomeatal line d. acanthiomeatal line
15º toward the side being examined
For the tangential projection of the zygomatic arch, the head is positioned so the midsagittal plane is: Select one: a. 10º toward the side being examined b. 15º toward the side being examined c. 10º away from the side being examined d. 15º away from the side being examined
15º away from the side examined
For the tangential projection of the zygomatic arch, the top of the head is tilted how many degrees? Select one: a. 10º away from the side examined b. 15º away from the side examined c. 10º toward the side examined d. 15º toward the side examined
The petrous ridges should be projected immediately below the maxillary sinuses., The distance between the lateral border of the skull and the orbit should be equal on both sides.
From the choices below, select the evaluation criteria that indicate the patient was properly poisitioned for a parietoacanthial projection of the facial bones. Select one or more: a. The orbital roofs should be superimposed. b. The petrous ridges should nearly fill the orbits. c. The entire cranium should be demonstrated without rotation or tilt. d. The petrous ridges should be projected immediately below the maxillary sinuses. e. The distance between the lateral border of the skull and the orbit should be equal on both sides.
The petrous ridges should be projected immediately below the maxillary sinuses., The distance between the lateral border of the skull and the orbit should be equal on both sides.
From the choices below, select the evaluation criteria that indicate the patient was properly poisitioned for an acanthoparietal projection (Reverse Water's Method) of the facial bones. Select one or more: a. The orbital roofs should be superimposed. b. The petrous ridges should nearly fill the orbits. c. The entire cranium should be demonstrated without rotation or tilt. d. The petrous ridges should be projected immediately below the maxillary sinuses. e. The distance between the lateral border of the skull and the orbit should be equal on both sides.
The nasal bone and soft tissue should be demonstrated without rotation., The anterior nasal spine and frontonasal suture should be visualized.
From the following choices, select the evaluation criteria that indicate the patient was properly positioned for a lateral projection of the nasal bones. Select one or more: a. The nasal bone and soft tissue should be demonstrated without rotation. b. All facial bones should be demonstrated. c. The zygomatic processes should be seen superimposed. d. The anterior nasal spine and frontonasal suture should be visualized.
temporal bone
From what anatomical structure does the zygomatic process arise? Select one: a. ethmoid bone b. temporal bone c. sphenoid bone d. zygoma
14
How many bones make up the face? Select one: a. 6 b. 10 c. 12 d. 14
Perpendicularly
How should the central ray be directed for the acanthoparietal projection of the facial bones? Select one: a. Perpendicularly b. 15 degrees caudally c. 15 degrees cephalically d. 30 degrees cephalically
10 degrees more extension of the neck
Image evaluation of a parietoacanthial projection (Waters Method) obtained for demonstration of the paranasal sinus revealed the petrous ridges projecting into the lower half of the maxillary sinuses. Which of the following would result in proper demonstration of the anatomy? Select one: a. 10 degrees more extension of the neck b. 10 degrees less extension of the neck c. tilt the vertex of the head 5 degrees to the left d. tilt the vertex of the head 5 degrees to the right
3/4 inch distal to the nasion.
In a lateral projection of the nasal bones, the central ray is directed Select one: a. 1/2 inch posterior to the anterior nasal spine. b. 3/4 inch posterior to the glabella. c. 3/4 inch distal to the nasion. d. 1/2 inch anterior to the EAM.
Line 3
In the attached figure, which of the localization lines is used for the lateral projection of the facial bones? i Select one: a. Line 1 b. Line 2 c. Line 3 d. Line 4
Line 3
In the attached figure, which of the localization lines is used for the lateral projection of the skull for sinuses? i Select one: a. Line 1 b. Line 2 c. Line 3 d. Line 4
Perpendicular Plate - D, Vomer - E, Cristi Galli - B, Palantine - G, Nasal Bone - C, Pterygoid Hamulus - H, Maxillae - F, Frontal Sinus - A
Match the anatomy shown in the diagram to the letter that indicates it. i Perpendicular Plate Vomer Cristi Galli Palantine Nasal Bone Pterygoid Hamulus Maxillae Frontal Sinus
Alveolar process- H, Anterior nasal spine - D, Coracoid process- No Match, Coronoid process - J, Ethmoid bone- C, External Auditory Meatus- N, Lacrimal bone- A, Mandible - O, Mandibular Angle- L, Mandibular Condyle- M, Mandibular Notch- K, Maxilla- G, Mental Foramen - I, Nasal bone- B, Temporal process- F, Zygoma - E
Match the anatomy to the letter indicating the part. (If the anatomy is not demonstrated, then select "No Match".) Alveolar process Anterior nasal spine Coracoid process Coronoid process External Auditory Meatus Lacrimal bone Mandible Mandibular Angle Mandibular Condyle Mandibular Notch Maxilla Mental Foramen Nasal bone Temporal process Zygoma
Frontal Sinus - A, Orbital Roofs - Not Labeled, Mandibular Rami - F, Ethmoid Sinus - D, Sella Turcica - B, Maxillary Sinus - E, Sphenoid Sinus - C
Match the anatomy to the letters indicating the part. Frontal Sinus Orbital Roofs Mandibular Rami Ethmoid Sinus Sella Turcica Maxillary Sinus Sphenoid Sinus
Cristi Galli - B, Frontal Sinus - A, Supraorbital Fissure - D, Petrous Ridge - F, Vomer - Not Labeled, Anterior Ethmoid Sinus - E, Inferior Orbital Margin - G, Supraorbital Margin - C
Match the anatomy to the letters indicating the part. I Cristi Galli Frontal Sinus Supraorbital Fissure Petrous Ridge Vomer Anterior Ethmoid Sinus Inferior Orbital Margin Supraorbital Margin
Perpendicular Plate - Not Labeled, Maxilla - D, Zygomatic Arch - B, Maxillary Sinus - C, Acanthion - Not Labeled, Petrous Ridge - E, Angle of Mandible - F, Orbit - A
Match the anatomy to the letters indicating the part. i Perpendicular Plate Maxilla Zygomatic Arch Maxillary Sinus Acanthion Petrous Ridge Angle of Mandible Orbit
15° cephalad
Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the facial bones (Caldwell method). What CR angle could be used if the AP axial projection is used instead? Select one: a. 10° caudad b. 15° cephalad c. 10º-15° caudad d. 10º-15°cephalad
Directing the central ray caudally
Regardless of which technique is used for performing the PA axial projection (Caldwell method), which of the following procedures is common for both techniques? Select one: a. Directing the central ray caudally b. Centering the acanthion to the cassette c. Using a vertically placed cassette d. Use of a horizontally directed central ray
maxillary sinuses
The Antra of Highmore is a term synonymous with the: Select one: a. frontal sinuses b. maxillary sinuses c. ethmoidal sinuses d. sphenoidal sinuses
15° caudad
The CR angle for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the facial bones is: Select one: a. 5° cephalad b. 10° cephalad c. 12° caudad d. 15° caudad
0º
The CR angulation for the reverse Waters method is: Select one: a. 0º b. 15º c. 30º to the acanthiomeatal line d. 37º to the acanthiomeatal line
IOML
The CR is directed perpendicular to which reference line for the SMV projection of the sinuses? Select one: a. OML b. AML c. MML d. IOML
False
The MSP should be parallel with the cassette when doing the SMV projection for the facial bones. Select one: True False
37º
The OML forms an angle of how many degrees from the plane of the IR for an open-mouth parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection? Select one: a. 25º b. 37º c. 45º d. 35º-40º
1, 2, and 3
The PA projections of the sinuses can demonstrate which sinuses? 1) ethmoidal 2) sphenoidal 3) maxillary Select one: a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
37 degrees
The baseline used in the attached projection forms an angle of ______ to the cassette: Select one: a. 0 degrees b. 37 degrees c. 45 degrees d. 90 degrees
maxilla
The bone identified in the figure attached is the: Select one: a. maxilla b. frontal c. mandible d. ethmoid
zygoma
The bone indicated in the figure attached is the: Select one: a. parietal b. orbital c. temporal d. zygoma
2 only
The most effective way to protect the patient from unnecessary radiation during sinus radiography is to use: 1) low kVp 2) proper collimation 3) short exposure times Select one: a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
37º
The parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) of the sinuses requires the orbitomeatal line to be placed how many degrees from the plane of the IR? Select one: a. 20º b. 27º c. 30º d. 37º
Waters method
The parietoacanthial projection of the facial bones is commonly called the: Select one: a. Towne method b. Waters method c. Caldwell method d. Rhese method
suspended
The respiration phase for all projections of the facial bones and sinuses is: Select one: a. suspended b. inspiration c. expiration d. shallow breathing
ethmoidal sinus
The structure labeled 2 in attached figure is the: Select one: a. maxillary sinus b. sphenoid sinus c. ethmoidal sinus d. frontal sinus
sphenoid sinus
The structure labeled 3 in the attached figure is the: Select one: a. maxillary sinus b. sphenoid sinus c. ethmoidal sinus d. frontal sinus
sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinuses
The submetovertical projection of the sinuses best demonstrates the: Select one: a. frontal and sphenoidal sinuses b. maxillary and frontal sinuses c. ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses d. sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinuses
False
The tangential projection of the zygomatic arches should demonstrate both zygomatic arches with one exposure. Select one: True False
1 and 3 only
The true lateral position of the skull and the facial bones uses which of the following in common? 1. Interpupillary line perpendicular to the IR 2. MSP perpendicular to the IR 3. Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML) parallel to the transverse axis of the IR Select one: a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
ethmoid
The two ethmoidal sinuses are located within which bone? Select one: a. frontal b. ethmoid c. sphenoid d. maxillary
SMV
The x-ray projection demonstrated in the figure attached is the: Select one: a. SMV b. VSM c. AP axial d. PA axial
temporal
The zygomatic arches are a part of which bone: Select one: a. frontal b. parietal c. temporal d. sphenoid
10º cephalad
To demonstrate the sphenoidal sinuses on the PA projection, the OML or grid device should be angled: Select one: a. 10º caudad b. 10º cephalad c. 15º caudad d. 15º cephalad
2 and 3
To successfully demonstrate the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses on the SMV projection, which of the following must occur? 1) the patient must be recumbent 2) the infraorbitomeatal line must be parallel with the IR 3) the CR must be perpendicular to the infraorbitomeatal line and horizontal Select one: a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
0 degrees
What angulation is used in the attached position? Select one: a. 0 degrees b. 15 degrees caudad c. 15 degrees cephalic d. 25 degrees cephalic
Stop breathing
What breathing instructions should be given to the patient for the acanthoparietal projection of the facial bones? Select one: a. Stop breathing b. Breathe slowly c. Breathe rapidly d. No instructions need to be given
0°
What is the CR angulation for the SMV projection? Select one: a. 0° b. 5° caudad c. 5°cephalad d. 5º-7° cephalad
Lateral projection
What position will demonstrate all four groups of sinuses? Select one: a. Posteroanterior axial projection b. Submentovertix projection c. Parietoacanthal projection d. Lateral projection
Parietoacanthal projection
What position will demonstrate the maxillary sinuses in a frontal projection? Select one: a. Posteroanterior axial projection b. Submentovertix projection c. Parietoacanthal projection d. Lateral projection
Infraorbitomeatal line
What radiographic baseline should be parallel to the image receptor for a submentovertical (SMV) projection of the paranasal sinuses? Select one: a. Orbitomeatal line b. Acanthomeatal line c. Infraorbitomeatal line d. Glabellomeatal line
1 and 2
Which parts of the patient's face touch the upright bucky or upright table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)? 1) forehead 2) nose 3) chin Select one: a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
When evaluating a PA axial projection of the skull for the facial bones with a 15° caudal angle, the radiographer should see 1. petrous pyramids in the lower third of the orbits. 2. equal distance from the lateral border of the skull to the lateral rim of the orbit bilaterally. 3. symmetrical petrous pyramids. Select one: a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
On the medial wall of each orbit
Where are the lacrimal bones located? Select one: a. Inside the nasal cavity b. On the lateral wall of each orbit c. On the medial wall of each orbit d. Inferior to the maxillary sinus
inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses
Where are the petrous ridges seen on a parietoacanthial (Waters method) radiograph? Select one: a. in the middle of the maxillary sinuses b. superior to the maxillary sinuses c. inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses d. in the lower two-thirds of the maxillary sinuses
½ inch distal to the nasion
Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the nasal bones? Select one: a. ½ inch distal to the nasion b. ¾ inch distal to the nasion c. 1 inch distal to the nasion d. variable, depending on the size of nose
mandibular angles
Where is the IR centered for the AP axial projection of the zygomatic arches? Select one: a. EAM b. acanthion c. mental point d. mandibular angles
acanthion
Where is the IR centered for the parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection of the sinuses? Select one: a. nasion b. inion c. glabella d. acanthion
to the acanthion
Where is the central ray directed to in the attached projection: Select one: a. On the zygoma, halfway between the outer canthus and the EAM b. ¾ superior and ¾ anterior to the EAM c. 1" posterior to the outer canthus d. to the acanthion
¾ anterior to the EAM
Where is the central ray directed to in the attached projection: Select one: a. on the zygoma, halfway between the outer canthus and the EAM b. ¾ posterior to the EAM c. 1" posterior to the outer canthus d. ¾ anterior to the EAM
On the floor of the nasal cavity
Where is the vomer bone found? Select one: a. Posterior to the nasal bone b. On the lateral wall of the orbits c. On the floor of the nasal cavity d. In the posterior one fourth of the roof of the mouth
Parietoacanthial (Waters) projection
Where on the patients head should the central ray be directed for a lateral view of the sinuses? Select one: a. 2 inches above the EAM b. ½ to 1 inch anterior to outer canthus c. 2 inches below the EAM d. ½ to 1 inch posterior to the outer canthus
petrous pyramids
Which anatomical structure does not belong with this group? Select one: a. Maxillae b. Petrous pyramids c. nasal bones d. mandible
Orbitomeatal line
Which baseline is used for the attached position? Select one: a. Glabellomeatal line b. Orbitomeatal line c. Infraorbitomeatal line d. Acanthiomeatal line
Zygomatic
Which bone comprises most of the lateral wall of the orbit? Select one: a. Maxillae b. Palatine c. Lacrimal d. Zygomatic
Vomer
Which bone forms the lower posterior part of the nasal septum? Select one: a. Lacrimal b. Palatine c. Maxilla d. Vomer
Nasal
Which bones comprise the bridge of the nose? Select one: a. Nasal b. Lacrimal c. Palatine d. Maxillae
Palatine
Which bones form the posterior one fourth of the roof of the mouth? Select one: a. Maxillae b. Palatine c. Zygomatic d. Inferior nasal conchae
left
Which drawing in the figure below demonstrates the correct head position for the Waters method? i Select one: a. left b. right
Mandibular condyles should be anterior to the petrous ridges
Which evaluation criteria pertains to the submentovertical projection for sinuses? Select one: a. Petrous ridges should lie in the lower one-third of the orbits b. Mandibular condyles should be anterior to the petrous ridges c. Mandibular condyles should be posterior to the petrous ridges. d. Petrous ridges should lie immediately below the floor of the maxillary sinuses.
Petrous ridges should lie in the lower one-third of the orbits
Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA axial projection (Caldwell method) for sinuses? Select one: a. Orbital roofs should be superimposed b. Mandibular rami should be superimposed c. Petrous ridges should lie in the lower one-third of the orbits d. Petrous ridges should lie immediately below the floor of the maxillary sinuses
All four sinus groups should be included.
Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection of the sinuses? Select one: a. All four sinus groups should be included. b. The petrous pyramids should lie in the lower one-third of the orbits c. The mental protuberance should superimpose the anterior frontal bone. d. The petrous pyramids should lie immediately below the floor of the maxillary sinuses.
The orbital roofs should be superimposed.
Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection of the sinuses? Select one: a. The orbital roofs should be superimposed. b. The petrous pyramids should lie in the lower one-third of the orbits c. The mandibular condyles should be anterior to the petrous ridges d. The mental protuberance should superimpose the anterior frontal bone
Petrous ridges should lie immediately below the floor of the maxillary sinuses.
Which evaluation criterion pertains to the parietoacanthial projection for sinuses? Select one: a. Mandibular rami should be superimposed b. Petrous ridges should lie in the lower one-third of the orbits c. Mental protuberance should superimpose anterior frontal bone d. Petrous ridges should lie immediately below the floor of the maxillary sinuses.
The petrous ridges should be projected immediately below the maxillary sinuses.
Which evaluation criterion pertains to the parietoacanthoal projection for facial bones? Select one: a. The orbital roofs should be superimposed b. The zygomatic arches should be free from overlying structures c. The petrous pyramids should be projected within the orbits d. The petrous ridges should be projected immediately below the maxillary sinuses.
The distance between the lateral border of the skull and orbit should be the same on both sides
Which evaluation criterion pertains to the parietoacanthoal projection for facial bones? Select one: a. The orbital roofs should be superimposed b. The zygomatic arches should be superimposed c. The petrous pyramids should be projected within the orbits d. The distance between the lateral border of the skull and orbit should be the same on both sides
Mental protuberance should superimpose anterior frontal bone
Which evaluation criterion pertains to the submentovertical projection for the sinuses? Select one: a. Mandibular rami should be superimposed b. Frontal and ethmoidal sinuses should be clearly seen c. Mental protuberance should superimpose anterior frontal bone d. Petrous ridges should lie immediately below the floor of the maxillary sinuses.
Acanthion
Which landmark of the head should be centered to the cassette for the parietoacanthial projection of the facial bones? Select one: a. Nasion b. Mental point c. Acanthion d. Outer canthus
orbitomeatal line
Which line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial projection of the zygomatic arches? Select one: a. orbitomeatal line b. mentomeatal line c. acanthiomeatal line d. infraorbitomeatal line
orbitomeatal
Which line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the PA projection of the sinuses? Select one: a. glabellomeatal b. orbitomeatal c. acanthiomeatal d. infraorbitomeatal
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are evaluation criteria for the Open-mouth parietoacanthial projection? 1. The sphenoid sinuses should be seen projected through the open-mouth 2. The maxillary sinuses should be visualized clearly 3. The orbits and maxillary sinuses should be symmetric on both sides Select one: a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
1 and 3 only
Which of the following are evaluation criteria for the SMV for sinuses? 1. The mandibular condyles should be anterior to the petrous pyramids. 2. The maxillary sinuses should be visualized clearly. 3. The mental protuberance should superimpose the anterior frontal bone. Select one: a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are evaluation criteria for the lateral projection of the facial bones? 1. The orbital roofs should be superimposed 2. The mandibular rami should be almost perfectly superimposed. 3. All facial bones should be completely included with the zygomatic bone in the center. Select one: a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
Which of the following are evaluation criteria for the parietoacanthial projection for the facial bones? 1. The entire cranium should be demonstrated without rotations or tilt. 2. The petrous ridges should be projected immediately below the maxillary sinuses. 3. The distance between the lateral border of the skull and orbit should be equal on both sides. Select one: a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are included as functions of the sinuses: 1) decrease the weight of the skull 2) warm and moisten inhaled air 3) provide a resonating chamber for voice Select one: a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following bones contain air sinuses? 1) ethmoid 2) frontal 3) sphenoid Select one: a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
Which of the following erect projections will demonstrate a fluid level in the sphenoid sinuses? 1. Parietoacanthial (Waters method) 2. Parietoacanthial (Open-Mouth Waters) 3. Submentovertical (SMV) Select one: a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
rotundum
Which of the following foramina will be demonstrated in the orbit on a parietoacanthial (Waters method) radiograph? Select one: a. ovale b. jugular c. spinosum d. rotundum
acanthion
Which of the following is centered to the IR for a parietoacanthial projection of the facial bones? Select one: a. nasion b. acanthion c. glabella d. mental point
orbitomeatal line
Which of the following is perpendicular to the plane of the IR for a Caldwell projection of the facial bones? Select one: a. glabellomeatal line b. acanthiomeatal line c. orbitomeatal line d. mentomeatal line
infraorbitomeatal line
Which of the following is placed parallel to the transverse axis of the IR for a lateral projection of the facial bones? Select one: a. mentomeatal line b. acanthiomeatal line c. orbitomeatal line d. infraorbitomeatal line
mentomeatal line
Which of the following is placed perpendicular to the IR for the acanthoparietal projection (reverse Waters method) of the facial bones? Select one: a. mentomeatal line b. infraorbitomeatal line c. acanthiomeatal line d. glabellomeatal line
1 and 2 only
Which of the following is true regarding positioning for the Waters method? 1. The orbitomeatal line forms a 37 degree angle to the plane of the IR 2. The mentomeatal line is perpendicular to the IR plane 3. The coronal plane is perpendicular to the IR plane Select one: a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
PA, OML perpendicular to IR, CR 25° caudad
Which of the following methods was used to obtain the image seen in the attached figure? Select one: a. PA, chin extended, OML forming 37° to IR b. PA, OML, and CR perpendicular to IR c. PA, OML perpendicular to IR, CR 25° caudad d. PA, OML perpendicular to IR, CR 25° cephalad
petrous pyramids
Which of the following must be projected below the maxillary sinuses for the parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) of the sinuses? Select one: a. zygomatic bones b. petrous pyramids c. inferior orbital margin d. sphenoidal sinuses
Lateral
Which of the following positions demonstrates all the paranasal sinuses? Select one: a. Parietoacanthial b. PA axial c. Lateral d. True PA
Erect
Which of the following positions is essential in radiography of the paranasal sinuses? Select one: a. Erect b. Recumbent c. Oblique d. Trendelenburg
Parietocanthal projection
Which of the following projections is best used to evaluate the nasal septum? Select one: a. Lateral projection of the nasal bones b. AP axial of the skull c. Parietocanthal projection d. AP oblique projection
Parietocanthal projection
Which of the following projections is best used to evaluate the nasal septum? Select one: a. Lateral projection of the nasal bones b. Parietocanthal projection c. AP axial of the skull d. AP oblique projection
1 only
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the maxillary sinuses? 1) parietoacanthial (Waters) 2) PA axial (Caldwell) 3) submentovertical Select one: a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
Posteroanterior axial projection
Which of the following radiographic positions will best demonstrate the frontal and ethmoid sinuses in a frontal projection? Select one: a. Posteroanterior axial projection b. Submentovertix projection c. Parietoacanthal projection d. Lateral projection
MML
Which of the following reference lines is placed perpendicular to the IR for a parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection? Select one: a. MML b. OML c. AML d. IOML
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the paranasal sinus? 1) all four sinus groups 2) superimposed orbital roofs 3) superimposed mandibular rami Select one: a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
Sphenoidal
Which of the following sinus groups is demonstrated with the patient positioned as for a parietoacanthial projection (Waters' method) and the central ray directed through the patient's open mouth? Select one: a. Frontal b. Ethmoidal c. Maxillary d. Sphenoidal
1 and 3 only
Which of the following statements is (are) correct regarding the parietoacanthial projection (Waters' method) of the skull? 1. The head is rested on the extended chin. 2. The orbitomeatal line (OML) is perpendicular to the (IR). 3. The maxillary antra should be projected above the petrosa. Select one: a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the PA axial projection of the paranasal sinuses? 1. The central ray is directed caudally to the OML. 2. The petrous pyramids are projected into the lower third of the orbits. 3. The frontal sinuses are visualized. Select one: a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
1 only
Which of the following statements regarding the radiograph attached is (are) true? 1. The position is used to demonstrate the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses. 2. The sphenoidal sinuses are seen near the medial aspect of the orbits. 3. The chin should be elevated more to bring the petrous ridges below the maxillary sinuses. Select one: a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
Zygomatic arch
Which of the following structures is illustrated by the number 2 in attached figure? Select one: a. Maxillary sinus b. Coronoid process c. Zygomatic arch d. Coracoid process
Parietoacanthial projection (Waters'' method)
Which of the following would best evaluate the structure labeled 4 in attached figure? Select one: a. PA axial projection (Caldwell method) b. Parietoacanthial projection (Waters'' method) c. Lateral projection d. Submentovertical projection
Angle the beam 10 to 12 degrees caudal
Which of the following would correct this view for a parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) for facial bones, if the patient cannot extend his chin any farther and the petrous ridges are seen in the middle of the maxillary sinuses? Select one: a. Tilt the cassette 15 degrees away from the forehead. b. Angle the beam 5 to 7 degrees cephalad c. Angle the beam 10 to 12 degrees caudal d. Angle the beam 15 degrees cephalad
Baseline 3
Which of the four baselines illustrated in the attached figure should be used for a lateral projection of facial bones? Select one: a. Baseline 1 b. Baseline 2 c. Baseline 3 d. Baseline 4
Line 3
Which of the localization lines seen in attached figure is used for the SMV (Schüller method) projection of the facial bones? i Select one: a. Line 1 b. Line 2 c. Line 3 d. Line 4
Line 3
Which of the localization lines seen in attached figure is used for the SMV (Schüller method) projection of the skull for the visualization of the sinuses? i Select one: a. Line 1 b. Line 2 c. Line 3 d. Line 4
Lines 1 and 3
Which of the localization lines seen in the attached are separated by 15º? i Select one: a. Lines 1 and 2 b. Lines 2 and 3 c. Lines 1 and 3 d. Lines 1 and 4
Lines 2 and 3
Which of the localization lines seen in the attached are separated by 7º? Select one: a. Lines 1 and 2 b. Lines 2 and 3 c. Lines 1 and 3 d. Lines 1 and 4
Lines 2 and 3
Which of the localization lines seen in the attached are separated by 7º? i Select one: a. Lines 1 and 2 b. Lines 2 and 3 c. Lines 1 and 3 d. Lines 1 and 4
maxillary
Which of the sinuses is developed at birth and visible radiographically? Select one: a. maxillary b. ethmoidal c. sphenoidal d. frontal
Sphenoid
Which pair of paranasal sinuses are most posterior? Select one: a. Ethmoid b. Maxillary c. Frontal d. Sphenoid
chin
Which part of the patient's face is touching the upright bucky, or table, for a parietoacanthial projection (Waters method)? Select one: a. forehead b. nose c. chin d. nose and chin
Interpupillary
Which position line should be perpendicular to the cassette when positioning or the lateral facial bones? Select one: a. Orbitomeatal b. Acanthiomeatal c. Interpupillary d. Infraorbitomeatal
Acanthion
Which positioning landmark is located on the maxillae? Select one: a. Gonion b. Acanthion c. Nasion d. Mental point
Infraorbitomeatal
Which positioning line of the skull should be parallel with the transverse axis of the cassette for the lateral projection of the sinuses? Select one: a. Orbitomeatal b. Acanthiomeatal c. Interpupillary d. Infraorbitomeatal
Parietoacanthial (Waters) projection
Which projection of the paranasal sinuses best demonstrates the maxillary sinuses? Select one: a. PA (Caldwell) projection b. Lateral projection c. Parietoacanthial (Waters) projection d. SMV projection
3 only
Which projection will best demonstrate the frontal and anterior ethmoidal sinuses? 1) PA 2) parietoacanthial (Waters) 3) PA axial (Caldwell) Select one: a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which projections will demonstrate the ethmoidal sinuses? 1. PA 2. PA Axial (Caldwell's) 3. SMV Select one: a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
IOML
Which reference line is positioned horizontal to ensure proper extension of the head during a lateral projection of the sinuses? Select one: a. AML b. OML c. IOML d. MML
OML
Which reference line is positioned perpendicular to the angled IR for the PA axial (Caldwell method) projection of the sinuses? Select one: a. AML b. OML c. MML d. IOML
Sphenoidal
Which sinus group is of primary importance when performing the lateral projection for sinuses? Select one: a. Frontal b. Ethmoidal c. Maxillary d. Sphenoidal
sphenoidal
Which sinus is located immediately below the sella turcica? Select one: a. frontal b. maxillary c. ethmoidal d. sphenoidal
sphenoidal
Which sinus is projected through the mouth on the open-mouth modification of the Waters method? Select one: a. frontal b. ethmoidal c. sphenoidal d. maxillary
1 and 3
Which two facial bones form the roof of the mouth? 1) maxillae 2) vomer 3) palatine bones Select one: a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
Erect position will demonstrate air/fluid levels
Why is it preferred to perform a sinus series erect? Select one: a. Erect position will demonstrate air/fluid levels b. Erect position will result in radiographs that have better contrast c. This position is more comfortable for the patient d. There is no difference between erect and supine sinuses
False
Zygomatic arches should be demonstrated superimposed with the anterior frontal bone in the SMV projection. Select one: True False
