Psych Final

"Casual Friday" at work is mainly an example of

Applied Behavior Analysis.

the type of learning that occurs when an individual makes a mental connection between two (oftentimes seemingly unrelated) things.

Associative learning

The human brain contains approximately ______ billion neurons.

100

If Bob has great difficulty expressing himself verbally, and his speech is incomprehensible or seemingly out of context, he likely has experienced damage to the _____________________.

Broca's area

If you are an ultra-marathon runner, you may experience something called a "runner's high" after a certain number of miles. This feeling is associated with...

Endorphins

Phi phenomenon is related to...

Gestalt theory

When might the use of deception be appropriate in an experiment?

When the subject's behavior might changed by their knowledge of the experiment's goals.

Which of the following psychologists was a structuralist?

Wilhelm Wundt

Severing the corpus callosum could lead to:

a reduction in seizure activity

Learning is defined as

a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience.

neurotransmitters are sent from one neuron to the next within this space.

a terminal button

Your brain knows that you have stubbed your toe because...

afferent nerves transfer that information to the brain.

The humanistic approach emphasizes...

altruism

Psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that psychiatrists...

are medical doctors with a specialization in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy.

A statistical mean might generally be referred to as a(n):

average

The most widely practiced specialization in psychology is ...

clinical & counseling

A(n) _____ is a person who is assigned a role to play in an experimental study so that the social context can be manipulated.

confederate

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique that:

constructs images of a person's soft tissues, usually in a person's extremities.

A(n) _____ records the brain's electrical activity by placing electrodes on the scalp.

electroencephalograph (EEG)

The set of glands that regulates the activities of certain organs in the body is called the _____ system.

endocrine

The "Situational Specificity of Tolerance" most closely states that

environmental cues activate priming by antagonists to increase tolerance to a substance.

The final step in the scientific method of psychology is:

evaluating the theory.

If an experiment's results can be applied to an entire population, the results are considered ___________________.

externally valid

Jury selection could be a concern of a ...

forensic psychologist

In terms of empirical research, the comparison of the scores on the questionnaire are representative of the _____ of the study.

operational definition

In the nervous system, the brain's special physical capacity for change is referred to as its _____.

plasticity

In the context of the organization of the brain, the _____ is the part of the hindbrain that is involved in sleep and arousal.

pons

A psychologist who studies the psychological processes that allow a person to listen to a musical tune is most likely specializing in the area of:

sensation & perception

A researcher interested in the way in which our sense of smell works would likely be associated with which of the following areas of specialization?

sensation & perception

In the context of the cerebral hemispheres, a split brain occurs due to _____.

severing of the corpus callosum

Which area in psychology would be most likely to study the phenomenon of "peer influence" on teenagers' behavior?

social

if you are really interested in learning about why people who are of similar physical attractiveness tend to fall in love more often than people whose attractiveness levels are on opposite ends of the spectrum, your focus would most likely be:

social psychology

Cardi B uses which part of her peripheral nervous system to tie her shoe?

somatic

Which of the following is NOT one of the requirements of understanding psychology?

spirituality

If you have a mental block known as "the yips", you would seek out a professional is which specialization?

sports psychology

The _____________ nervous system increases the heartbeat and slows digestion.

sympathetic

The two main divisions of the nervous system are...

sympathetic and parasympathetic

In the context of the cerebral cortex, the area critical for processing auditory information is the _____ lobe.

temporal lobe

neurotransmitters collect in vesicles at the end of each axon. This part of the neuron is called the:

terminal button

Studying the brain and mental processes as though the brain is a computer is the focus of...

the cognitive approach.

Multiple sclerosis is caused by lesions or plaques on...

the myelin sheath.

In psychological research, a correlational study is used to determine:

the relationship between variables.

Cells of the nervous system are called ______.

neurons

In psychology's scientific method, a theory is defined as:

A statement that explains a general observation of a behavior

After a psychological research study has been completed, the researchers should inform the participants of its purpose and the methods they used.

Debriefing

Which of the following (abbreviated) entities reviews and approves psychological studies to make sure they meet all ethical and organizational requirements?

IRB

Which of the following is a function of the right hemisphere of the brain?

Interpreting others' emotions

Which of the following is significant about the brain lesioning process?

It gives a sense of the functions of the damaged brain regions.

If a random fire alarm is pulled in the middle of an experiment studying the effect of room color on memorization skills, what role does the fire alarm play when considering the experiment results?

It's a confounding variable.

Of the following, who is associated with the Gestalt school of psychology?

Max Wertheimer

If you are experiencing episodes of mania, your levels of ______________ may be too high.

Norepinephrine

Kanye West is diabetic. Within the endocrine system, problems with which of the following is most likely responsible for Kanye's diabetes?

Pancreas

The id, ego, & superego are instrumental to ...

Psychoanalytic theory

When we design a psychological experiment, why do we need the operational definition to be clearly stated and very specific?

So someone else can replicate our study.

The hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior is _____.

Testosterone

In an experimental research study, which of the following groups is an experimental group?

The group that is subjected to the change or unique nature that the independent variable represents.

The somatosensory cortex in the human brain processes information about _____.

body sensations

Which of the following is not an example of descriptive research?

correlational coefficients

Which of the following in not required when conducting ethical research?

demand characteristics

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving information from a neighboring neuron is the:

dendrites.

The unique thing about stem cells is their capacity to:

develop into most types of human cells.

Michael, a psychologist, is studying how biological and environmental factors contribute to a person's growth from birth to death.

developmental

Much of Pavlov's work was originally centered around...

digestion

Behavior is ...

directly observable

A pharmaceutical company is testing a new cancer drug. In order to avoid any experimenter bias, what type of study should they conduct?

double-blind

Damage to the Wernike's area of the brain will result in an individual...

having difficulty understanding their teacher when she is telling them what to do for homework.

Which of the following psychological theories is known as the one that emphasizes "free will"?

humanistic psychology

Damage to or illness of the hypothalamus will likely result in abnormalities related to:

hunger & thirst

in order to test a theory, the first thing you need to do is specifically state a _____.

hypothesis

In the areas of specialization in psychology, personnel matters and human resource management are among the main concerns of _____ psychology.

industrial

The purpose of myelin is to...

insulate axons to increase the speed of electrical impulses.

The research method/technique Wilhelm Wundt used is called

introspection/self-report

The human forebrain differentiates us from the rest in the animal kingdom because:

it is involved in processing complex information.

In the context of ethical guidelines in psychological research, when data are confidential:

it is still possible to link a subject's identity to his or her data.

a study that follows a specific group of 100 children over 20 years,

longitudinal

In descriptive statistics, the three measures of central tendency are:

mean, median, and mode.

In the context of the organization of the brain, damage to the hippocampus effects:

memory formation.

When scientists consider reliable or valid theories in psychology, they use a method that allows them to combine the results of several separate studies on a similar topic in order to establish the strength of an effect.

meta-analysis

n the measures of central tendency, the mode of a distribution of scores refers to the:

most common score in the sample.

The area of the cerebral cortex in the human brain which controls voluntary, purposeful muscle movement is the _____.

motor cortex

The peripheral nervous system includes the ______________ and _____________ .

motor neurons ; sensory neurons

She observes the number of times mothers engage in cooperative play with their children. This study is an example of:

naturalistic observation

When a neuron is resting, the inside of the cell membrane is _____ and the outside of the cell membrane is ___________.

negative ; positive

A researcher has found that students who sleep more minutes in class get lower scores on their exams.

negative correlation

In a double-blind experiment

neither researchers nor participants know who is in the control or experimental group.

Professor Abdelkader is examining the effects of music on patients' anxiety levels. She randomly assigns patients to either a silent room or a room with classical music playing in the background. She then records any differences in the subjects' blood pressure readings. In this experiment, the independent variable is the:

presence or absence of music

on a scale of 1-10.

quantitative

Mr. Rodes conducts an experiment on childhood aggression in kindergarten students. He has two groups of kindergarten in his experiment. He places subjects into each group by flipping a coin. Heads places them in group A; tails places them in group B. In this experiment, Mr. Rodes has satisfied the requirement of:

random assignment

she notices that a couple of her subjects seem very intent on helping her come up with data that supports her hypothesis.

research participant bias.

Teresa's adjustment problems are because she has an extremely high IQ. In this scenario, Teresa has been most likely tested by a(n) _____ psychologist.

school

If your level of Glutamate is elevated, you might experience...

seizures

When you are in danger, which part of the nervous system is responsible for your heart rate increasing?

the sympathetic nervous system

When checking an experiment for internal validity, we would definitely want to consider if

there is any bias or any logical errors in the study.

an individual's intelligence is generally higher for subjects with bigger thumbs.

thumb size and intelligence are positively correlated

If you develop issues related to your metabolism, you might have a disorder of your:

thyroid

Which of the following scenarios correctly illustrates the effect of damage to Broca's area in the brain?

unable to produce any words.

Science is different from pseudoscience because pseudoscience...

uses scientific terminology that is not supported by other sources.

Doing meta-analysis of a psychological experiment result is important to check the ____________ of the results.

validity

Structuralism focuses on the ______________ while functionalism focuses on the _____________.

what, why

as researchers

you must obtain the consent of the participants after informing them of the procedures.