Psychology Chapter 5

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Among the common effects of LSD are

Exhilaration, visions and hallucinations, and insightful experiences

The structure that serves as our biological clock is

The Pineal Gland

Among the common effects of cocaine are

euphoria, excitation, boost of energy, and suppressed appetite

Judith is startled when her six-year-old daughter Laura sleepwalks into the family room and begins to talk. It is most likely that Laura is experiencing the _____ stage of the sleep cycle.

fourth

If REM sleep is disrupted following learning:

memory will be worse the next day

Among the common effects of caffeine are

wakefulness, alertness, and a shortened reaction time

The average adolescent needs about ____ hours of sleep a night

10

Chronic insomnia affects about _____ of all adults

10 percent

On average, REM sleep periods last about

20 minutes

When people live in an environment free of any time cues and are allowed to sleep, eat, and work whenever they want, typically they follow a

24.3 hour cycle

Research on premenstrual syndrome indicates that about _____ of women have PMS symptoms predictably over their cycles

5%

circadian rhythm is defined as

A biological fluctuation that is about 24 hours from peak to peak

Melatonin is

A hormone that is secreted largely during hours of darkness

The effects of stimulant drugs include all of the following EXCEPT

A sense of calmness and relaxation

Which of the following drugs is a depressant?

Alcohol

Which of the following is NOT a stimulant?

Alcohol

Which of the following drugs is a stimulant?

Amphetamines

Which of the following provides the best definition of consciousness?

Awareness of ourselves and the environment

Which of the following drugs is an opiate?

Heroin

Which of the following is false?

Illegal drugs are, by definition, more dangerous than legal drugs

When marijuana is abused, the resulting effects may include

Impaired motor and sensory function, as well as impaired permanent storage of new information, withdrawal symptoms, and possibly death

Hypnosis

Is a procedure in which a practitioner suggests changes in the sensation or behavior of the subject, who cooperates by altering cognitive functioning in accordance with the suggestions

James has been sleeping for about 90 minutes when his brain shows rapid, irregular waves. His blood pressure rises, his heart rate increases, and his skeletal muscles go limp. Which of the following is the most likely conclusion?

James is experiencing physiological changes that are normal during paradoxical sleep.

Mitch emphatically states that he never dreams. If Mitch spent the night in a sleep laboratory, it would be most likely that

Mitch would report a dream if awakened during a period of rapid, irregular brain activity

During the night, two types of sleep alternate with each other, they are

REM and NREM sleep

____________________ is a controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during the winter and an improvement in the spring.

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Who said that dreams are "the royal road to the unconscious"?

Sigmund Freud

Which approach to dreaming suggests that our dreams are simply a modification of the thinking that goes on when we are awake?

The cognitive approach

The dreams of males and females differ because

Their daily concerns differ

The activation-synthesis theory of dreaming states that

There is no purpose to dreaming, dreams occur because of random brain stem signals

Which of the following is NOT true of opiates?

They may increase anxiety

What effect to opiates have on the body?

They relieve pain and produce euphoria

What effect to depressants have on the body?

They slow down activity in the Central Nervous System

_____ is the increased resistance to a drug's effects accompanying continued use

Tolerance

Among the common effects of amphetamines are

Wakefulness, alertness, raised metabolism, and elevated mood

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which

a person periodically stops breathing during sleep

Research suggests that we typically forget our dreams upon waking up because

cortical neurons that control the initial storage of new memories are turned off during sleep

Researchers have found that

culture shapes expectations about a drug's effect

A problem-focused explanation of dreaming suggests that

dreams are usually about our everyday problems and may even help us to solve those problems

Psychoactive drugs are

drugs capable of influencing perception, mood, cognition, or behavior

Stimulants are

drugs that speed up activity in the Central Nervous System

Sleep deprivation can result in all of the following except

increased muscle pain and lack of coordination

During _____ dreams, people are aware that they are dreaming and feel as though they are conscious.

lucid

Among the common effects of tobacco are

mood variation from alertness to calmness depending on mental set, setting, and prior arousal

During REM sleep, neurons in the _____ fire spontaneously

pons

The sociocognitive approach to hypnosis suggests that

the hypnotized person is unconsciously playing a role

The psychoanalytic theory of dreaming states that

the purpose of dreaming is to express unconscious wishes, thoughts, and conflicts

It is estimated that ______ of all Americans get fewer than the recommended hours of sleep a night

two-thirds

The reason that REM sleep occurs is

unknown

Narcolepsy involves

unpredictable daytime attacks of sleep


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