Psychology Chapter 5
Among the common effects of LSD are
Exhilaration, visions and hallucinations, and insightful experiences
The structure that serves as our biological clock is
The Pineal Gland
Among the common effects of cocaine are
euphoria, excitation, boost of energy, and suppressed appetite
Judith is startled when her six-year-old daughter Laura sleepwalks into the family room and begins to talk. It is most likely that Laura is experiencing the _____ stage of the sleep cycle.
fourth
If REM sleep is disrupted following learning:
memory will be worse the next day
Among the common effects of caffeine are
wakefulness, alertness, and a shortened reaction time
The average adolescent needs about ____ hours of sleep a night
10
Chronic insomnia affects about _____ of all adults
10 percent
On average, REM sleep periods last about
20 minutes
When people live in an environment free of any time cues and are allowed to sleep, eat, and work whenever they want, typically they follow a
24.3 hour cycle
Research on premenstrual syndrome indicates that about _____ of women have PMS symptoms predictably over their cycles
5%
circadian rhythm is defined as
A biological fluctuation that is about 24 hours from peak to peak
Melatonin is
A hormone that is secreted largely during hours of darkness
The effects of stimulant drugs include all of the following EXCEPT
A sense of calmness and relaxation
Which of the following drugs is a depressant?
Alcohol
Which of the following is NOT a stimulant?
Alcohol
Which of the following drugs is a stimulant?
Amphetamines
Which of the following provides the best definition of consciousness?
Awareness of ourselves and the environment
Which of the following drugs is an opiate?
Heroin
Which of the following is false?
Illegal drugs are, by definition, more dangerous than legal drugs
When marijuana is abused, the resulting effects may include
Impaired motor and sensory function, as well as impaired permanent storage of new information, withdrawal symptoms, and possibly death
Hypnosis
Is a procedure in which a practitioner suggests changes in the sensation or behavior of the subject, who cooperates by altering cognitive functioning in accordance with the suggestions
James has been sleeping for about 90 minutes when his brain shows rapid, irregular waves. His blood pressure rises, his heart rate increases, and his skeletal muscles go limp. Which of the following is the most likely conclusion?
James is experiencing physiological changes that are normal during paradoxical sleep.
Mitch emphatically states that he never dreams. If Mitch spent the night in a sleep laboratory, it would be most likely that
Mitch would report a dream if awakened during a period of rapid, irregular brain activity
During the night, two types of sleep alternate with each other, they are
REM and NREM sleep
____________________ is a controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during the winter and an improvement in the spring.
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Who said that dreams are "the royal road to the unconscious"?
Sigmund Freud
Which approach to dreaming suggests that our dreams are simply a modification of the thinking that goes on when we are awake?
The cognitive approach
The dreams of males and females differ because
Their daily concerns differ
The activation-synthesis theory of dreaming states that
There is no purpose to dreaming, dreams occur because of random brain stem signals
Which of the following is NOT true of opiates?
They may increase anxiety
What effect to opiates have on the body?
They relieve pain and produce euphoria
What effect to depressants have on the body?
They slow down activity in the Central Nervous System
_____ is the increased resistance to a drug's effects accompanying continued use
Tolerance
Among the common effects of amphetamines are
Wakefulness, alertness, raised metabolism, and elevated mood
Sleep apnea is a disorder in which
a person periodically stops breathing during sleep
Research suggests that we typically forget our dreams upon waking up because
cortical neurons that control the initial storage of new memories are turned off during sleep
Researchers have found that
culture shapes expectations about a drug's effect
A problem-focused explanation of dreaming suggests that
dreams are usually about our everyday problems and may even help us to solve those problems
Psychoactive drugs are
drugs capable of influencing perception, mood, cognition, or behavior
Stimulants are
drugs that speed up activity in the Central Nervous System
Sleep deprivation can result in all of the following except
increased muscle pain and lack of coordination
During _____ dreams, people are aware that they are dreaming and feel as though they are conscious.
lucid
Among the common effects of tobacco are
mood variation from alertness to calmness depending on mental set, setting, and prior arousal
During REM sleep, neurons in the _____ fire spontaneously
pons
The sociocognitive approach to hypnosis suggests that
the hypnotized person is unconsciously playing a role
The psychoanalytic theory of dreaming states that
the purpose of dreaming is to express unconscious wishes, thoughts, and conflicts
It is estimated that ______ of all Americans get fewer than the recommended hours of sleep a night
two-thirds
The reason that REM sleep occurs is
unknown
Narcolepsy involves
unpredictable daytime attacks of sleep