PTCB
Methadone (C2)
Dolophine (Anti Addictive)
Where is Domboro stored?
Domboro is an OTC antiseptic....it would be stored next to the bacitracin ointment in the first aid section of the pharmacy
Temperature degrees-Farehnheit: -13 to 14 Temperature degrees-Celcius: -25 to -10
Freezer
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: urinary health
cranberry
cc
cubic centimeter
What is the most accurate device for measuring liquids?
cylindrical graduate
qs
quantity sufficient
part of the prescription that includes the information at the top: the patient's name and address, date of birth, date the prescription was written, and Rx symbol.
superscription
susp
suspension
when two drugs taken together have a more intense effect than when each would be taken separately
synergy
syr
syrup
The nitro patch should not be worn 24 hours a day in order to avoid
tolerance
any medication that is applied directly to the surface of the skin for localized effects
topical
tx
treatment
g
gram
What is the shelf-life of an antibiotic after reconstitution?
14 or 10 days
Digoxin is derived from what plant?
Foxglove plant/Digitalis
8 fl oz
240 ml
1 gallon = _______tblsp
256
III
3
1 pound
454
1 dram
60 grains (gr)
The normal dose of fexofenadine is:
60 mg bid
1 grain
65 mg
What is PTCB?
(Pharmacy Technician Certification Board) established in 1995 to provide a voluntary mechanism for a national certification program for pharmacy techs.
• Distribution -
...• Distribution - drug goes to "where it is needed"
List 3 known routes of transmission of HIV infections
-bodily fluids -blood transfusions -mom to fetus
the labeling of unit doses must contain specific information:
-drug name -strength of medication -name of original manufacturer -original lot number and expiration date of manufacturer -bar code -facility expiration date
Benefits of unit dose are:
-easy for nurse dispensing to patients -cuts down on medication errors (each unit dose may be bar-coded) -less waste of medication
some examples of symtptoms requiring a PRN medication could be:
-fever -pain -anxiety or restlessness -itching -coughing -sneezing
parts of the prescription:
-inscription -signa -subscription -superscription
VII
7
I
1
15.4 grains equals
1 gram
2.2 lb
1 kg
100 units
1 ml
15 drops equals
1 ml
If a HCTZ prescription states, 'refill prn', for how long may this Rx be refilled?
1 year
National Drug Code 1)_________- 2)____________- 3)__________
1) Manufacturer, 2) Drug Product, 3) Packaging
National Drug Code 1)_________- 2)____________- 3)__________
1) Manufacturer, 2) Drug Product, 3) Packaging required on all over the counter/Rx drugs
1 mg
1, 000 mcg
Most superpotent topical steroids have restrictions limiting their use to
2 weeks; 40-50 grams in one week
Class B balance weighs up to
120 gms (grams not milligrams) (Bulk balance)
X
10
C
100
1 tbsp equals
15 ml
1 kg
2.2 pounds
XX
20
1 tblsp
3 tsp
Schedule 3
3-5 Refills/6months
The technician is checking the refrigerators temperature that reads 8 degree Celsius, what is this temperature in Fahrenheit?
46.4 (Multiplying 8 times 1.8. Add the product 14.4 to 32.)
1 cup = ______tsp
48
16 fl oz
480 ml
V
5
What schedule are the following drug products?Lomotil ______
5
What is the maximum number of refills permitted on a Schedule III controlled substance?
5 (five)
If a hazardous substance comes in contact with skin, it must be washed immediately with soap and water for at least?
5 minutes
1 dram
5 ml
1 tsp
5 ml
Which of the following is used to identify and define inventory items based on their usage?
ABC analysis focuses on the products that will have the greatest inventory turnover rate
Drugs that end in "-pril" are what?
ACE Inhibitors
-pril
ACE inhibitor (blood pressure/heart disease)
Brand Name: Lotrel Drug Class: antihypertensive (combination calcium channel blocker and ACE inhibitor) Indication: treatment of hypertension Controlled: no
Amlodipine Besylate with Benazepril Hydrochloride
Augmentin
Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid
candesartan; irbesartan; losartan; olmesartan; valsartan
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure and heart failure
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: block ARBs and vasoconstriction from occurring, thus lowering blood pressure Indication: used for treatment of hypertension Side effects: - Examples: -irbesartan-losartan-olmesartan-valsartan Special consideration: -
Angiotensin II receptors Blockers (ARBs)
Brand Name: Coreg, Coreg CR Drug Class: antihypertensive--beta blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension (high BP) Controlled: no
Carvedilol
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibit the impulse that goes from the chemoreceptor trigger zone, or part of the brain that induces vomiting to the stomach Indication: used for the treatment of nausea Side effects: Dizziness and drowsiness Examples: -metoclopramide-ondansetron-promethazine Special consideration: -
Antiemetics
Clonidine
Catapres (Hypertension)
generic is not currently available; either not being manufactured or not being distributed
DAW 8
Drug Class: ? Description of Condition: epilepsy is a disorder characterized by recurrent seizures Indication: used to treat epilepsy Side effects: - Examples: -carbamazepine-clonazepam-divalproex-lamotrigine-levetiracetam-pregabalin-topiramate-phenytoin sodium Special consideration: can cause sedation and loss of cognition, so poor compliance is an issue; large number of drug interactions can occur
Antiepileptic/Anticonvulsant
-nazole
Antifungal
a container that cannot be opened by 80% of children under age 5 but can be opened by 90% of adults
Child-Resistant Container
fluconazole; ketoconazole; miconazole; terconazole
Antifungal
"other" DAW code?
DAW 9
Brand Name: Tussionex Drug Class: Antitussive Indication: treatment of cough Controlled: YES
Chlorpheniramine with Hydrocodone; C-3
Tenormin
Atenolo
Mupirocin
Bactroban (Antibiotic)
Klonopin
Clonazepam
the ability to combine two or more products without creating a change in the physical, chemical, or therapeutic effectiveness of the drug
Compatibility
What is the CSA?
Controlled Substance Act: Federal law regulating the manufacture,sale,distribution of drugs with potential abuse/dependence
Losartan
Cozaar (Hypertension)
submitted to the insurance company to determine if the proper brand name or generic medication is being dispensed
DAW codes
Predinisone
Deltasone (Anti-inflammatory)
What is the brand name for lamivudine?
Epivir
Tricor
Fenofibrate
Terazosin
Hytrin (Overactive Bladder)
Intron A is stored where?
In the refrigerator
documentation required by the FDA to be completed before drugs are rested in clinical trials on humans
Investigational New Drug Application (INDA)
Furosemide
Lasix (Diuretic)
Xalantan
Latanoprost
Gemfibrozil
Lopid (Cholesterol)
Nystatin
Mycostatin (Yeast Infections)
Cefdinir
Omnicef (Antibiotic)
an online resources published by the FDA that proves information on therapeutic equivalencies and TE codes
Orange book
Penicillin
Pen VK (Antibiotic)
Dabigatran
Pradaxa (blood thinner)
Pravastatin
Pravachol (Cholesterol)
Which of the following is a method of payment when a patient does not have insurance?
Self-pay
Who is responsible for pharmaceuticals in transit if they are designated as "FOB destination"?
Seller
Atomoxetine
Strattera (ADHD)
Simvastatin
Zocor (Cholesterol)
What is the brand name for theophylline?
Theo-Dur
grinding tablets or other substances into a fine powder
Trituration
Diazepam (C4)
Valium (Anti-anxiety)
When receiving medications in the pharmacy, which of the following will prevent a high volume of expired medications on the shelf?
When placing medication on shelf rotating stock by placing product with shortest date in front and longest date behind it.
What is the Orange Book?
a book used to identify bio-equivalent generic medications. FDA approved drug product.
What is the meaning of the acronym ASA?
acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin)
ad
ad up to
comp
compound
inj
injection
-mab
monoclonal antibody (cancer)
PCN
penicillin
rt
right
What is the generic for Viagra?
sildenafil citrate
Methylphenidate treats:
• ADHD
What you should know about the expiration date:
• Expires the last day of the month at midnight
What is duplicate therapy?
• Two drugs that (not necessarily would be in the same class) do the same end effect. • ie. simvastatin and gemfibrozil : both lower cholesterol. It makes the pharmacist ask the question, "Are both necessary for this patient?"
The technician should check for which drugs in the profile if the patient is on a potassium supplement?
-ACE inhibitors
examples of ADCs:
-Pyxis (cardinal health) -AcuDose-Rx (McKesson) -Omnicell -Rx-Station (cerner) -Med-Select (Amerisource Bergen)
examples of some medications requiring MedGuide are:
-accutane -antidepressants -birth control -NSAIDs -medications for ADD including adderall, concerts, ritalin, and stattera
the patient package insert includes:
-how the drugs works -what to do if a dose is missed -contraindications -warnings -side effects -overdose information -dosages and packing information -indications and use
ISMP has created:
-medication errors reporting program (MERP)- a voluntary reporting program -list of unsafe abbreviations -list of look-alike/sound-alike drugs to be dispensed carefully
Patient profile contains the following information:
-name -address -phone number -DOB -gender -allergy information -medical information -insurance information -prescriptions filled -preference for child-resistant containers -may contain other preferences, such as generic substitution or large-print labels
Specific information is required to be print on the label including:
-pharmacy name, address, and telephone number -patient's name -date prescription was filled -prescriber's name -prescription Rx number -medication name and strength -directions for use -quantity of medication -refills allowed -initials of pharmacist dispensing prescription
examples of allergy indicators:
-rash -watery eyes -swelling -itching -wheezing
Which of the following types of errors describes administration to the patient of medication not authorized by a legitimate prescriber?
-unauthorized drug error would include wrong drug, a dose to wrong patient or unordered drug. Omission error describes failure to administer a drug; monitoring error describes failure to review a prescribed regimen; wrong dosage describes administration of a dosage form other than what was ordered.
Which of the following is not required on a unit-dosed packaged drug?
.-storage requirements
15 ml = 1 Tablespoon
...
5ml = 1 teaspoon
...
Which of the following duties may a pharmacy technician not do?
...
affix a drug label to a prescription container
...
call the wholesaler for a drug order
...
enter a prescription data into the computer
...
• Regulated by OSHA
...
• The higher the number gauge the smaller the needle diameter.
...
• Metabolism -
... Metabolism - drug is "broken down" by the liver
What schedule are the following drug products?Codeine _____
...2
What schedule are the following drug products?Vicodin ______
...3
What schedule are the following drug products? Valium ______
...4
A customer brings in two prescriptions to be filled. One is for atenolol and the other is for Tenormin. What should the technician do next?
...Atenolol is the generic of Tenormin; therefore the patient does not need both due to a possible drug overdose.
Which of the following is a Scheduled IV controlled substance?
...XANAX
Translate the following:Gtt ii o.u. q 4 h prn
...a) Place 2 drops into both eyes every 4 hours as needed
Pseudoephedrine, a common ingredient in cold preparations, is contraindicated in which of the following disease states?
...a) hypertension
Which of the following drugs is used in chest pain?
...nytroglycerin
Which of the following 2 drug classes have cross sensitivity?
...penicillin and cephalosporin
Insulin and nitroglycerin bind to IV bags made out of ___. Meaning that the medicine sticks to the
...polyvinylchloride (PVC)...walls of the the PVC bag. Therefore, must be dispensed in non-PVC containers and tubing.
Which drug is likely to cause a photosensitivity reaction?
...tetracycline
Nonprescription drugs should be included in the patient profile.
...true
• Absorption -
...• Absorption - drug goes "into the bloodstream".
How many refills are permitted on Schedule II medications?
0 (zero)
What size filter is considered a sterilizing filter?
0.22 micron
1 L
1, 000 ml
1 g = _____mcg
1, 000,000
1 g = ________mg
1,000
1 kg = _______g
1,000
M
1,000
1 kg = _______mg
1,000,000
1 kg = _______mcg
1,000,000,000
What type of measuring device should be used to measure 3 ml of a liquid for compounding?
10 ml cylindrical graduate
The highest strength of Demerol is:
100 mg
1 mg
1000 mcg
1 gram
1000 mg
1 liter (L)
1000 milliliters (mL)
1kg
1000g
Which of the indicates the correct expiration date for 12/17?
12/31/20 All medication expiration dates with a month and year indicates the last day of the month.
What is the smallest weight a class A balance can weigh?
120 mg (2 grain)
1 gallon = _______fl oz
128
Amoxicillin oral suspension is stable in a refrigerator for how many days after reconstitution?
14
1 tblsp = _____ml
15
The dose of syrup of ipecac for children is_____
15 ml
What is "room temperature"
15-30 degrees Centigrade
1 cup = ______tblsp
16
1 gallon = _______cups
16
1 pint = ________ fl oz
16
The binder for Safety Data Sheets (SDS) consists of how many sections?
16
1 lb
16 oz
1 pint,1 pound
16 oz
How old must an individual be to purchase an exempt narcotic?
18 years old
1 quart = ______tsp
192
1 fl oz = _______tblsp
2
1 pint = ________cups
2
1 quart = ______pints
2
How many types of pharmacy interfaces exist?
2
II
2
1 quart
2 pints
How many classifications of drug recall?
3 classes: I, II, III assigned by FDA based on the decreasing of the probability that the use of the product will cause adverse health.
C3
3-5 Refills- 6 months- oxycodone, codeine, morphine
C4
3-5 Refills- 6 months- tylenol w/codeine, anabolic steroids, ketamine
Schedule 4
3-5 Refills/6months
1 fluid dram
3.75 ml
How many milliliters are in 1 fl oz?
30
1 oz
30 g
How long should the blower be on for a laminar hood?
30 minutes
1 fl oz
30 ml
1 oz
30 ml
How long does a laminar flow hood run before use?
30-60 minutes
1 pint = ________ tblsp
32
1 quart = ______fl oz
32
5 grains equals
325 mg
What is the storage requirement for reconstituted amoxicillin 250 mg/ 5ml?
36 to 46 degrees F
1 gallon= ml
3840 ml
1 gallon = _______ quarts
4
1 quart = ______cups
4
IV
4
1 gallon
4 quarts
qid
4 times daily
How many pounds are in 2 kg?
4.4
When would an alert be prompted in regard to getting too much APAP?
4000 mg
1 lb = ______g
454
1 tsp equals
5 ml
C5
5-11 Refills- 12 months- lomotil, lyrica, robitussin
Schedule 5
5-11 refills/12 months
L
50
A pharmacy technician repacks bulk solid dosage forms into unit dosed packages. What expiration date will appear on the package?
50% of labeled expiration date to a maximum of 1 year
D
500
1 fl oz = _______tsp
6
VI
6
How far into the hood should the pharmacy technician work?
6 inches
What is the maximum amount of time that can be assigned to a prepackaged drug?
6 months
How often must HEPA filters be certified?
6 months (unless they become wet)
How long is a DEA Form 222 valid?
60 days
1 quart = ______tblsp
64
1 grain (gr) =
65 mg (the range is actually 60-65 mg)
What should be used to clean the laminar flow hood?
70% isopropyl alcohol
Emergency Dispensing
72 hour need only
1 gallon = _______tsp
768
1 cup = ______fl oz
8
1 gallon = _______pints
8
VIII
8
IX
9
Insurance companies enact plan limitations to control drug use, which of the following is a limitation for a mail order pharmacy for days' supply?
90 days. Retail pharmacies will have a 30 day limit.
1 pint = ________ tsp
96
1 quart
960 ml
32 fl oz
960 ml
The transferring of a Schedule II prescription can be done how many times?
A Schedule II prescription are not transferrable because they can be filled only once.
Which of the following date is assigned by the pharmacy when repacking a medication?
A beyond use date is assigned by the pharmacy when repackaging or compounding a medication.
Which of the following containers protects the contents from other solids?
A well closed container protect contents from solids and from loss of the article under normal conditions. Light resistant is used to protect from the effects of light. Tamper evident is used to seal that containers. Tight container protect from contamination by liquids.
benazepril; captopril; enalapril; lisinopril; moexipril; ramipril
ACE inhibitor (blood pressure/heart disease)
Waxman Hatch Act
AKA The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act, this act ensured that brand named drug manufacturers would have patent protection and period of marketing exclustivity to enable them to recoop their investments in the development of valueable new drugs as well as provide incentive for new drugs to hit the market
What is the Prescription Drug Act?
AKA The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act, this act ensured that brand named drug manufacturers would have patent protection and period of marketing exclustivity to enable them to recoop their investments in the development of valueable new drugs as well as provide incentive for new drugs to hit the market
documentation required by the FDA for generic drug makers; requires generic drugs to demonstrate bioequivalence to the brand name product, but does not require the same testing and clinical trials
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
Federal vs State Laws and Regulations
Abide by the most stringent law or regulation
Aripiprazole
Abilify (Antipsychotic)
ADME
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion/Elimination
Quinapril
Accupril (ACE Inhibitor$
What drugs should always receive a PPI?
Accutane (isotretinoin) and Estrogen/Progesterone containing products
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: elevate the pain threshold and suppress prostaglandin synthesis Indication: can be used for mild to moderate pain and fever reduction Side effects: - Examples: - Special consideration: -can be taken during pregnancy- does not cause GI problems, but can cause liver damage if taking over 3,000 mg per day
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Brand Name: Tylenol with Codeine Drug Class: opioid analgesic Indication: treatment of mild to moderate pain Controlled: YES
Acetaminophen with Codeine Phosphate; C-3
Rabeprazole
Aciphex (GERD)
Poison Prevention Packaging Act
Act requires over the counter and legend drugs be packaged in child resistant containers
Risedronate
Actonel (Osteoporosis)
Pioglitazone
Actos (Diabetes)
Brand Name: Zovirax Drug Class: antiviral Indication: treatment of genital, herpes zoster (shingles), and other viral infections Controlled: no
Acyclovir
Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine (C2)
Adderall (ADHD/Narcolepsy)
What is the process by which a third party payer sets a price for a drug?
Adjudication
a product that may be contaminated, packaged under unsanitary conditions, prepared in containers that are composed of unsafe substances, have unsafe additives, or differ in strength, quality, or purity from what the drug is claiming to be
Adulterated Product
Fluticasone/Salmeterol
Advair (Asthma /COPD)
when a patient receives a medication at a normal dosage range but experiences a harmful reaction as a result of the medication
Adverse drug reaction (ADR)
Iburprofen
Advil (N.S.A.I.D)
-to increase access to healthcare for uninsured Americans -universal healthcare coverage to be in effect by 2014 for all citizens of the United States
Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA)
Proair HFA
Albuterol
A pharmacy technician needs to be aware that which of the following medication needs a patient package insert (PPI)?
Albuterol Inhaler
Brand Name: Proair HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA Drug Class: bronchodilator, anti asthmatic (inhalation) Indication: treatment of asthma and bronchospasms Controlled: no
Albuterol Sulfate
Spironolactone
Aldactone (Diuretic)
Brand Name: Fosamax Drug Class: osteoporosis agent--bisphosphonate Indication: treatment of osteoporosis Controlled: no
Alendronate Sodium
Naproxen
Aleve (NSAID)
Who discovered and developed penicillin?
Alexander Felming/Howard Florey
If a patient develops hives from Gantrisin, what allergy should be noted on their profile?
Allergy to sulfa drugs ( generic name is sulfisoxazole )
Brand Name: Zyloprim Drug Class: agent for gout Indication: treatment of gout or kidney stones Controlled: no
Allopurinol
Zyloprim
Allopurinol
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: block peripheral alpha receptors, which relaxes smooth muscle, especially in the prostate--this helps reduce urinary symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Indication: used for the treatment of prostate disease Side effects: - Examples: -alfuzosin-doxazosin-dutasteride-tamsulosin-terazosin Special consideration: -
Alpha Blockers
Xanax
Alprazolam
Ramipril
Altace (Hypertension)
Glimepiride
Amaryl (Anti-diabetic)
Zolpidem (C4)
Ambien
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibits bacterial protein synthesis Indication: life-threatening infections Side effects: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity Examples: -gentamicin-amikacin Special consideration: doses are adjusted on a patient-specific basis and measured daily to ensure no toxicity is occurring
Aminoglycosides
Brand Name: Cordarone, Pacerone Drug Class: anti arrhythmic Indication: treatment of ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia Controlled: no
Amiodarone
Brand Name: Elavil (not available in U.S) Drug class: tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) Indication: treatment of depression
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Norvasc
Amlodipine
Brand Name: Amoxil, Trimox Drug Class: antibiotic--penicillin Indication: treatment of bacterial infections of the ear, nose, throat, skin, and respiratory tract, and for the treatment of gonorrhea Controlled: no
Amoxicillin Trihydrate
Brand Name: Augmentin, Augmentin ES-600, Augmentin XR Drug Class: antibiotic--penicillin Indication: treatment of bacterial infections, including sinusitis and otitis media Controlled: no
Amoxicillin with Clavulanate Potassium
Amoxicillin
Amoxil (antibiotic)
Brand Name: Adderall Drug Class: CNS Stimulant Indication: treatment of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) and narcolepsy Controlled: YES
Amphetamine and Dextroamphetamine Salts; C-2
a sealed container made from glass that has an elongated neck
Ampule
An ampule lid is made out of what?
An ampule is entirely made out of glass ( one piece )
What is Maximum & Minimum system used for?
An inventory system done manually. This system has a predetermined order quantity and an order point. The minimum and maximum stock quantity is written on mylars placed in front of the medication. The technician walks around the shelves looking for any quantity that is at or below the minimum number. To order the technician prepares a purchase order for the wholesaler
designated anabolic steroids as a C-2 substance due to misuse by athletes
Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990
Testosterone (C3)
Androgel (Low T)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: block ACE, which prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, and thus reduces vasoconstriction and blood pressure Indication: used for the treatment of hypertension Examples: -benazepril-enalapril-lisnopril-quinapril-ramipril Special consideration: should be avoided in patients taking potassium sparing diuretics
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
-sartan
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure and heart failure
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: neutralize stomach acid Indication: used for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and heartburn Side effects: - Examples: aluminum hydroxide-magnesium hydroxide-simethicone(Mylanta, Maalox)-magnesium hydroxide (Milk of magnesium)-calium carbonate (Tums) Special consideration: available OTC
Antacids
area where pharmacy personnel prepare for sterile compounding. including: -garbing -hand washing -gathering supplies
Anteroom
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to dementia Indication: used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer's disease Side effects: - Examples: donepezil-gingko-memantine-rivastigmine Special consideration: drugs can slow disease, but not cure or reverse effects
Anti-Alzheimers disease agents
-gliptin
Anti-Diabetic
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: acne vulgarism generally starts at puberty due to an increase in sebum secretion fro sebaceous glands Indication: used for the treatment of acne Side effects: - Examples: -adapalene-clindamycine with benzyl peroxide-isotretinon Special consideration: products can come in many different dosage forms; isotretinoin patients must participate in the iPLEDGE program, which requires females to undergo pregnancy test and be on oral contraceptives prior to use
Anti-acne agent
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: Parkinson's disease is characterized by muscular difficulties, including tremors and loss of muscle control; generally affects patients over age 60 Indication: used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease Side effects: - Examples: levodopa-carbidopa--amantadine-benztropine-ropinirole Special consideration: side effects are a problem and sometimes require constant change in medication
Anti-parkinson's agent
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: angina is a disease marker by severe chest pain due to an insufficient amount of blood carrying oxygen Indication: used for treatment of angina Type: -beta blockers-calcium channel blockers-nitrates Examples: - Special consideration: treatment of aimed at reducing angina attacks and preventing a heart attack
Antianginal agents
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: anxiety is characterized by a state of uneasiness and apprehension about possible events Indication: used to treat anxiety resulting from either external events or internal neurological imbalance Side effects: - Examples: -benzodiazpines-buspirone Special consideration: some agents may cause dependence and are abused--many are controlled substances
Antianxiety agents
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: arrhythmias result when the ventricular and atrial contractions are not synchronized; can included tachycardia, atrial flutter, and fibrillation Indication: used for the treatment of arrhythmias Types:-channel blockers--membrane-stabilizing agents--potassium channel blockers Examples: - Special consideration: -
Antiarrhythmics
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: asthma is an inflammatory condition of the lungs that causes airway constriction; characterized by wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing Indication: used to treat asthma and breathing disorders Side effects: - Drug classes: -bronchodilators-corticosteroids-leukotriene inhibitors-mast cell stabilizers-xanthine derivatives
Antiasthmatics
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: prevent the formation of clots of inhibiting clotting factors in the blood Indication: used for the prevention of blood clots Side effects: - Examples: -heparin-warfarin Special consideration: patients should avoid foods with Vitamin K when taking warfarin heparin is always given via IV or subcutaneously; patients must always be monitored while on this; cannot dissolve clots that are already present, but only prevent others from occurring
Anticoagulant
Which of the following classification works to alter the levels of chemical known as neurotransmitters in the brain?
Antidepressant
nefazodone, trazodone, vilazodone
Antidepressant
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: Type 1 diabetes--patient is unable to produce any insulin, requires insulin therapy. Type 2--patients body does not respond to insulin secretion, or has impaired insulin secretion. Gestational--results from pregnancy. Secondary--results from another medication Treatment methods: depends on type of diabetes; can be treated with insulin or oral hypoglycemic medications
Antidiabetics
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: kill fungal by exploiting key difference between fungal and human cells Indication: infections caused by fungus including athlete's foot, ringworm, oral candidiasis (thrush), and vaginal yeast infections Side effects: - Examples: -nystatin-amphotericin-clotrimazole Special consideration: many end in -zole
Antifungal
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: block histamines from working on the H, in the respiratory system Indication: used to provide relief of allergy symptoms caused by the release of histamines Side effects: - Examples: -diphenhydramine-fexofenadine-loratadine Special consideration: can cause drowsiness and should not be taken by pregnant women
Antihistamines
Drug Class: ? Description: elevation of cholesterol levels; above 240 mg per 100 ml of blood is "at risk" Indication: used for the treatment of high cholesterol Side effects: - Types: -bile acid sequestrates-fibric acid derivatives-HM-CoA reductase inhibitors-combination drugs Special consideration: -
Antihyperlipidemics
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: hypertension is high blood pressure, which consists of pressure at least 140/90 mmHg or higher on a consistent basis Indication: used for the treatment of hypertension Side effects: - Types: -diuretics--angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors--angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs)--beta blockers--calcium channel blocker--combination products Special consideration: -
Antihypertensive
-bicin
Antineoplastic (cancer)
doxorubicin; epirubicin; idarubicin; valrubicin
Antineoplastic (cancer)
-tinib
Antineoplastic (treat cancer)
crizotinib; dasatinib; erlotinib; gefitinib; imatinib
Antineoplastic (treat cancer)
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: cancer is a disease of uncontrolled abnormal cellular growth Indication: used for the treatment of cancer Side effects: - Examples: -alkylating agents-antibiotics-antimetabolites-hormones-nitrogen mustards-plant alkaloids Special consideration: chemotherapy drugs must never be handled by technicians who are pregnant
Antineoplastics
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: interfere with reaction that cause platelets to clot Indication: used for the prevention of blood clots Side effects: - Examples: -aspirin-clopidogrel Special consideration: patients should not start aspirin therapy without first consulting their doctors
Antiplatelet
Drug Class: ? Description of Condition: schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric illness that may include delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior. Mechanism of Action: block dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps control emotions Indication: used to treat schizophrenia Side effects: - Examples: Atypical: -aripiprazole-clozapine-olanzapine-quetiapine-risperidone-ziprasidone-Typical: -prochlorperazine-haloperidol Special consideration: antipsychotics have very desirable side effects, including tradeoff disking, which involves involuntary movements of the mouth, lips, and sometimes limbs; atypical antipsychotics are newer drugs that tend to have fewer side effects than typical antipsychotics
Antipsychotics
Drug Class: ? Indication: used to treat infections caused by HIV/AIDS Classes: -Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Ihibitors (NRTIs)-Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)-Protease Inhibitors (PIs)-Fusion Inhibitors
Antiretroviral
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: suppression of the cough, reflex in the brain or nerve receptors along the respiratory system Indication: used to provide relief of cough, especially dry or nonproductive coughs Side effects: - Examples: codeine-dextromethorphan-benzonatate Special consideration: codeine is a very effective agent, but is a controlled substance for its abuse potential
Antitussives
-tadine 2
Antiviral
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inactivate enzymes needed for viral replication Indication: used to treat infections caused by viruses including herpes, hepatitis, and influenza Side effects: - Examples: acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir Special consideration: many agents end in -vir
Antiviral
oseltamivir; zanamivir
Antiviral
Phentermine (C4)
Apidex-P (Weight Loss)
Hydralazine
Apresoline (Hypertension)
What is brand name for donepezil?
Aricept
Donepezil
Aricept (Dementia)
Brand Name: Abilify Drug Class: antipsychotic--atypical Indication: treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Controlled: no
Aripiprazole
the process used to prepare CSPs; this technique is vital to avoid microbial contamination of the medication being compounded
Aseptic Technique
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibit prostaglandin synthesis Indication: can be used for mild pain, fever reduction, and inflammation Side effects: - Examples: - Special consideration: -should not be given to children who have been exposed the chickenpox--can cause Reye's syndrome- should not be given to patients on warfarin-should not be taken by pregnant women
Aspirin
Which of the following is true regarding prior authorization?
At times patients must wait 24 to 48 hour before a physician will respond to a call made by the pharmacy. If patient do not want to wait they will be responsible for the entire cost of the medication.
Brand Name: Tenormin Drug Class: Antihypertensive--beta blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension (high BP) Controlled: no
Atenolol
Lorazepam (C4)
Ativan (Anti-Anxiety)
Strattera
Atomoxetine
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate
Augmentin (Antibiotic)
Irbesartan
Avapro (Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker)
What does AWP mean?
Average Wholesale Price
Dutasteride
Avodart (Overactive Bladder)
Brand Name: Asetlin Drug Class: antiallergic agent--antihistamine (nasal spray) Indication: treatment of seasonal rhinitis and allergy symptoms Controlled: no
Azelastine Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Zithromycin, Z-Pack, Z-max Drug Class: antibiotic--macrolide Indication: treatment of lower and upper respiratory tract infections, bacterial sinusitis, acute otitis media, and other bacterial infections Controlled: no
Azithromycin Dihydrate
Which B vitamins need to be given IM?
B12
Brand Name: Lioresal Drug Class: muscle relaxant Indication: used to control muscle spasms, especially those associated with multiple sclerosis Controlled: no
Baclofen
What type of injectable water is intended to be use for injections?
Bacteriostatic water is used to reconstitute powder form of medication. Purified, sterile water for irrigation and water can't be used to reconstitute injectable drug because it is not considered free of certain microorganisms.
can also be used to measure larger volumes of liquid, but less accurate than a graduated cylinder
Beaker
Brand Name: Lotensin Drug Class: antihypertensive--ACE Inhibitor Indication: treatment of high BP Controlled: no
Benazepril Hydrochloride
Dicyclomine
Bentyl (IBS)
-zepam
Benzodiazepine (anxiety-reducing, hypnotic, sedative, and anticonvulsant drug that acts rapidly. It is used to treat panic attacks, insomnia, seizures, restless leg syndrome, and alcohol withdrawal)
-zolam
Benzodiazepine (anxiety-reducing, hypnotic, sedative, and anticonvulsant drug that acts rapidly. It is used to treat panic attacks, insomnia, seizures, restless leg syndrome, and alcohol withdrawal)
alprazolam; estazolam; midazolam; triazolam
Benzodiazepine (anxiety-reducing, hypnotic, sedative, and anticonvulsant drug that acts rapidly. It is used to treat panic attacks, insomnia, seizures, restless leg syndrome, and alcohol withdrawal)
clonazepam; diazepam; flurazepam; lorazepam; temazepam
Benzodiazepine (anxiety-reducing, hypnotic, sedative, and anticonvulsant drug that acts rapidly. It is used to treat panic attacks, insomnia, seizures, restless leg syndrome, and alcohol withdrawal)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter game amino butyric acid (GABA), which results in sedation and relaxing properties Indication: used to treat anxiety Side effects: - Examples: -alprazolam-diazepam-lorazepam Special consideration: are all schedule IV controlled substances ; cause drowsiness and sedation
Benzodiazepines
Brand Name: Tessalon Perles Drug Class: antitussive Indication: relief of cough Controlled: no
Benzonatate
Brand Name: Cogentin Drug Class: Antiparkinson agent Indication: treatment of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease Controlled: no
Benztropine Mesylate
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: block beta receptors, which decreases heart rate and lowers blood pressure Indication: used for the treatment of hypertension Side effects: - Examples: -atenolol-carvedilol-propanolol Special consideration: contraindicated in patients with asthma
Beta blockers
Which drug is a beta blocker?
Beta blockers end in -olol. Know the generic/brand names of this class of medication. You know that the generics end
the date after which a product must not be dispensed or used (expiration date); this is determined by the pharmacist based on when the product is prepared and its storage conditions
Beyond Use Dating
Clarithromycin
Biaxin (Antibiotic)
Which of the following is a type of inventory required by the Drug Enforcement Agency of all controlled substances every 2 years?
Biennial inventory are conducted every 2 years of all controlled substances. Initial is an accurate inventory of all controlled substances take before a new pharmacy opens. Perpetual reflects exactly what is on hand. Physical is conducted on a basis to determine exactly what is on hand.
Where should one place used gloves, gowns, and masks?
Biohazard bag
-dronate
Bisphosphonate (osteoporosis)
alendronate; etidronate; ibandronate; risedronate
Bisphosphonate (osteoporosis)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: prevent the bone from being reabsorbed and broken down by osteoclasts Indication: used to treat osteoporosis Side effects: - Examples: -alendronate-ibrandronate-risedronate Special consideration: should be taken before the first meal of the day and with 6 to 8 oz of water--patient must also remain upright for a least half an hour after taking to prevent heartburn
Bisphosphonates
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: draw a large amount of water into the bowels, which creates watery stools Indication: used for the treatment of nausea Side effects: - Examples: polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution Special consideration: eight ounces is taken every 10 minutes until 4 liters can be consumer; food should not be eaten at least 3 hours prior to administration
Bowel Evacuant Laxatives
proprietary name given by a drug manufacturer and protected by a patient
Brand Name
Ticagrelor
Brilinta (Heart Disease)
When filling a prescription, what do you do when you notice an outdate?
Bring it to the attention of the pharmacist. Do not fill the prescription with that medication. See if there is additional medication on the shelf that is not expired to fill the prescription with. Return the medication to the wholesaler DEA form 222 orders ___. No mistakes can be made when filling out the form. Brown copy stays with pharmacy and green copy is sent to the DEA office.
Terbutaline belongs to which drug classification?
Bronchodilator
-terol
Bronchodilator (alleviates asthma)
albuterol; arformoterol; formoterol; levalbuterol; salmeterol
Bronchodilator (alleviates asthma)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: relaxes smooth muscle cells of the bronchioles, resulting in an increase in airway diameter Indication: used to treat asthma, COPD, and chronic bronchitis Side effects:- Examples: -albuterol-ipratropium-salmeterol-tiotropium Special consideration: -
Bronchodilators
Brand Name: Symbicort Drug Class: anti asthmatic (inhalation) Indication: treatment of asthma and COPD Controlled: no
Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: increase stool size, which promotes intestinal movement and bowel movement Indication: used for the treatment of constipation Side effects: - Examples: -psyllium hydrophilic muciloid Special consideration: patient must drink plenty of water to avoid further constipation, can be taken on a daily basis
Bulk-forming laxatives
Brand Name: Bumex Drug Class: diuretic--loop Indication: treatment of edema and hypertension Controlled: no
Bumetanide
Brand Name: Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR, and Wellbutrin XL, Zyban Drug Class: tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no
Bupropion Hydrochloride
Buspirone
Buspar (Anti-anxiety)
Brand Name: Buspar Drug Class: antianxiety agent Indication: treatment of anxiety Controlled: no
Buspirone Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Fioricet Drug Class: analgesic Indication: treatment of headache Controlled: no
Butalbital, Acetaminophen, and Caffeine
Nebivolol
Bystolic (Beta Blocker)
DEA form #106 is for
CII theft and local police must be notified
Which organization oversees Medicare and Medicaid service?
CMS
Which federal legislation enacted in 1970 regulates the use and distribution of substances with high abuse potential?
CSA
Mineral: ? Chemical Symbol: Ca Use in the body: nerve and muscle function, bone and tooth formation
Calcium
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibit calcium ions from entering channels of the heart muscle, resulting in relaxation of smooth muscle and vasodilation Indication: used for the treatment of hypertension Side effects: - Examples: -amlodipine-diltiazem-nifedipine-verapamil Special consideration: -
Calcium Channel Blocker
Vitamin D
Caltrate (Supplement)
sizes range from 5 (smallest) to 000 (largest)
Capsule Sizes
Brand Name: Tegretol, Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol XR Drug Class: anticonvulsant Indication: treatment of seizures and nerve pain, may also be used for treatment of bipolar disorder Controlled: no
Carbamazepine
Which of the following medications is an anticonvulsant?
Carbamazepine
Brand Name: Sinemet Drug Class: Antiparkinson agent Indication: treatment of symptoms of Parkinson's disease Controlled: no
Carbidopa with Levodopa
Dilitiazem
Cardizem (Hypertension)
Doxazosin
Cardura ( Frequent Urination)
Brand Name: Soma Drug Class: muscle relaxant Indication: relief of musculoskeletal conditions Controlled: YES
Carisprodol; C-4
According to the Medication Error Reporting and Prevention Categories, which of the following categories describes an error occurred that may have contributed to or resulted in temporary harm to patient and patient required intervention?
Category D
Omnicef
Cefdinir
Cefuroxime
Ceftin (Antibiotic)
What is the generic name of Ceftin?
Cefuroxime - this falls into the classification of cephalosporin antibiotics
Celecoxib
Celebrex (NSAID)
Brand Name: Celebrex Drug Class: non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-COX-2 inhibitor Indication: treatment of symptoms of osetoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other inflammatory conditions Controlled: no
Celecoxib
Citalopram
Celexa (Antidepressant)
oversees all Medicare and Medicaid services; establishes conditions for a facility to be reimbursed for any services provided
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
Brand Name: Keflex Drug Class: antibiotic--cephalosporin Indication: treatment of bacterial infections, such as those that cause otitis media, strep throat, UTIs, and skin infections Controlled: no
Cephalexin Monohydrate
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: prevents bacteria from forming cell wall Indication: upper respiratory infections, sinus infections, pneumonia Side effects: diarrhea, 1% chance of cross allergies if allergic to penicillin Examples: -cephalexin-cefdinir
Cephalosporin
a voluntary process in which an organization recognizes that an individual has met specific standards required for certification.
Certification
when two or more drugs are combined and are not compatible, a chemical change occurs that may alter pH of a solution or cause the decomposition of a component
Chemical Incompatibilities
a scientific name based on the structure of the chemical compound
Chemical Name
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: osteoarthritis
Chondroitin; Glucosamine
Tadalifil
Cialis (Impotence)
Ciprofloxacin
Cipro (Anti-biotic)
Which of the following medication is not used to treat glaucoma?
Ciprofloxacin
Brand Name: Cipro, Cipro XR Drug Class: antibiotic--fluoroquinolone Indication: treatment of bacterial infections such as those that cause UTI, infectious diarrhea and gonorrhea Controlled: no
Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Celexa Drug Class: antidepressant--selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no
Citalopram Hydrobromide
Loratadine
Claritin (Allergies)
Which classification states that a product with a strange color or taste will be recalled according to FDA requirements?
Class 3 (lowest) products have a minor defect or other condition that would not harm the patient but that prevents the drug from being sold. Class 1 (highest)products cause harm or prove fatal. Class 2 products found to cause a temporary health problem or to pose a slight threat of serious harm.
What type of drug recall is associated with irreversible damage or death to an individual
Class I
probability exists that use of the product or drug will lead to serious adverse health events or death -example: label mix-up of a lifesaving drug
Class I Recall
probability exists that use of this products or drug may cause adverse health events that will be reversible or temporary -example: a drug labeled with an understrength that is not a lifesaving drug
Class II Recall
a two-pan balance that has a capacity of 15 to 120 grams -can be used to weigh small amounts in the range of +/-5 mg -used with pharmaceutical weights -weighing paper in placed on pans to prohibit contact of medication with the balance -weighing boat can be used to weigh a larger quantity of a chemical
Class III Prescription Balance
probability exists that the use of this product will most likely NOT cause an adverse health event -example: container defect, off taste or smell
Class III Recall
place where hoods are housed to be used during sterile compounding; personnel should not enter unless properly garbed
Clean Room
Clindamycin
Cleocin (Antibiotic)
Which drugs are available in patch form?
Climara, Vivelle, Nicoderm, Nitroglycerin, Minitran, Estraderm, Testosterone.
Brand Name: Cleocin Drug Class: antibiotic Indication: treatment of serious respiratory tract infections and other serious bacterial infections; reserved for penicillin-allergic patients Controlled: no
Clindamycin hydrochloride
Brand Name: Klonopin Drug Class: antiepileptic (benzodiazepine) Indication: treatment of seizures Controlled: YES
Clonazepam; C-4
Brand Name: Catapres Drug Class: antihypertensive Indication: treatment of hypertension Controlled: no
Clonidine Hydrochloride
Plavix
Clopidogrel
Brand Name: Lotrisone Drug Class: antifungal (topical combination product) Indication: tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), and tine carpers (ringworm) Controlled: no
Clotrimazole with Bethamethasone Dipropionate
Clobetasol
Clovate (Corticosteroid)
Which of the following rejection code describes invalid days supply?
Code 19 is for invalid days supply; Code 7 is invalid cardholder ID number; Code 22 is invalid DAW or product selection; Code 28 is invalid date prescription written
Benztropine
Cogentin (Parkinson's)
-monitor use of products that can be used to produce methamphetamine: ----pseudoepherine, ephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine -3.6 g per day products limit, and patients must show valid ID to obtain -medications stored behind the counter
Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005
also known as compounded sterile product, any drug that is compounded under sterile conditions
Compounded Sterile Preparation (CSP)
used to record all entries of each compounded prescription so a reference can be available and easily accessible. Lists the following information: -date of compound -Rx number -names of specific ingredients used, along with: ----expiration date ----lot number ----manufacturer ----NDC number -amount weighed or measured -name of compound -procedures detailing how compound was prepared -name of preparer and pharmacist checking
Compounding Log
to combat drug abuse and regulate prescription drug use of narcotics and controlled substances
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (CSA)
Methylphenidate (C2)
Concerta (ADHD)
inventory must be taken every 2 years (exact count on C-2s and estimated on C-3--5
Controlled Substances Inventory
What storage condition would indicate a temperature of 75 degrees Fahrenheit?
Controlled room temperature
drugs that have a high risk for physical and psychological dependence and abuse, placed into one of five schedules based on potential for abuse
Controlled substances
Carvedilol
Coreg (Congestive Heart Failure)
the accidental introduction of small pieces of rubber from the top of a vial into the solution of medication; if this occurs, must discard vial
Coring
If a syringe is inserted incorrectly into a vial, what may happen?
Coring - a piece of rubber is lodged into the needle.
What is the most important tech function when entering medication orders?
Correctly inputting patient information
-asone
Corticosteroid (severe allergies or skin problems, asthma, or arthritis)
-cort
Corticosteroid (severe allergies or skin problems, asthma, or arthritis)
-olone
Corticosteroid (severe allergies or skin problems, asthma, or arthritis)
betamethasone; dexamethasone; diflorasone; fluticasone; mometasone
Corticosteroid (severe allergies or skin problems, asthma, or arthritis)
clocortolone; fludrocortisone; hydrocortisone
Corticosteroid (severe allergies or skin problems, asthma, or arthritis)
fluocinolone; fluorometholone; prednisolone; triamcinolone
Corticosteroid (severe allergies or skin problems, asthma, or arthritis)
-onide
Corticosteroid (severe allergies or skin problems, asthma, or arthritis)
-pred/pred-
Corticosteroid (severe allergies or skin problems, asthma, or arthritis)
budesonide; ciclesonide; desonide; fluocinonide; halcinonide
Corticosteroid (severe allergies or skin problems, asthma, or arthritis)
loteprednol; prednicarbate; prednisolone; prednisone
Corticosteroid (severe allergies or skin problems, asthma, or arthritis)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibit the immune system to suppress inflammation Indication: used to treat inflammatory conditions, and suppresses the immune response Side effects: - Examples: prednisolone-prednisone-methlyprednisolone-triamcinolone-fluticasone-fluticasone and salmeterol Special consideration: inhaled: -patients must rinse mouth after use to prevent thrush. Oral: -long-term use can cause weight gain, buffalo hump, and moon face or facial hair in females, and breast development in males
Corticosteroids
Percodan interacts with
Coumadin
Warfarin
Coumadin, Jantoven (Blood Thinner)
done by the pharmacist to communicate with a patient any questions regarding medication or warnings and precautions that should be addressed -a technician must never do this for patients, but can ask whether a patient has any questions for the pharmacist
Counseling
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibit cyclooxyrgenase-2 enzymes that are produced during inflammation Indication: used to help treat the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and other mild to moderate pain Side effects: - Examples: celecoxib Special consideration: all other inhibitors that have been withdrawn from the market except celecoxib
Cox-2 Inhibitors
Rosuvastatin
Crestor (Cholesterol)
Which of the following is not a type of unit dose package system?
Cubie systems
Brand Name: Flexeril, Amrix, Fexmid Drug Class: muscle relaxant Indication: treatment of muscle spasms Controlled: no
Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride
Duloxetine
Cymbalta (Antidepressant)
default used when dispensing a generic drug or when dispensing a brand name product that does not have generic available
DAW 0
prescriber indicates dispense as written
DAW 1
patient requests brand name product
DAW 2
pharmacist requests brand name proud be dispensed
DAW 3
generic is not in stock, so the brand name product must be dispensed
DAW 4
brand dispensed but priced as generic
DAW 5
brand name is necessary; used for prior authorization cases
DAW 6
substitution not allowed; brand mandated by law
DAW 7
Which dispense as written codes indicates an override?
DAW code 6 indicates an override; 1 indicates substitution not allowed by provider; 3 indicates substitution allowed - pharmacist selected; 4 indicates substitution allowed - generic drug not in stock
What is the brand name for desmopressin?
DDAVP
form completed by a pharmacy in the vent of a theft of a controlled substance. The pharmacy must notify the nearest DEA office and complete the form: theft of controlled substances
DEA Form 106
DEA Form used for ordering C-2 Medications--must be completed by a pharmacist only; ordering and returning C-2s
DEA Form 222
pharmacies must submit this form to register with the DEA prior to dispensing controlled substances; registering with the DEA
DEA Form 224
form must be submitter for destruction of controlled substances in the event of damaged or outdated medications; destruction of outdated or damaged controlled substances
DEA Form 41
Which DEA Form is used to engage in wholesale distribution by retail pharmacy for drugs containing pseudoephedrine?
DEA Form 510 is used to for retail pharmacies that want to engage in wholesale distribution of bulk quantities containing pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine or ephedrine. DEA Form 41 is used for authorization to destroy controlled substances; DEA Form 106 is used for loss and theft of controlled substance; DEA Form 222 is used to order and transfer Schedule II controlled substances.
1. Add together the 1st, 3rd and 5th digits. 2. Add together the 2nd, 4th and 6th digits. Double it. 3. Add the two totals together. 4. The second digit in that total is the check digit.
DEA verification
Brand Name: Enablex Drug Class: urinary antispasmodic Indication: treatment of overactive bladder and urinary urgency and incontinence Controlled: no
Darifenacin Hydrochloride
Which of the following is a disadvantage to implementing pharmacy information systems?
Databases may vary from one pharmacy to another.
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: constrict the blood vessels in the nasal passages so mucous and fluid can drain and thus alleviate the feeling of stuffiness Indication: used to provide relief of nasal congestion from allergies sinusitis, and the common cold Side effects:- Examples: -pseudoephedrine-phenylephrine Special consideration: can increase blood pressure and heart rate, so should be avoided in patients with hypertension; can cause CSN stimulation. Pseudo ephedrine is regulated under the combat methamphetamine act, and its sale is limited to a certain quantity per month.
Decongestants
Divalproex
Depakote (Antiepileptic)
Brand Name: Pristiq Drug Class: antidepressant--serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no
Desvenlafaxine
Trazodone
Desyrel (Antidepressant)
Tolterodine
Detrol ( Overactive Bladder)
Dexlansoprazole
Dexilant (GERD)
Glyburide
Diabeta (Diabetes)
Brand Name: Valium Drug Class: antianxiety--benzodiazepine Indication: management of anxiety disorders Controlled: YES
Diazpam; C-4
Brand Name: Voltaren gel, Pennsaid, Solaraze Drug Class: NSAID- topical Indication: treatment of symptoms of osteoarthritis Controlled: no
Diclofenac Sodium
Brand Name: Voltaren, Voltaren-XR Drug Class: oral- non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Indication: treatment of symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis Controlled: no
Diclofenac Sodium
Brand Name: Bentyl Drug Class: GI Antispasmodic Indication: treatment of irritable bowel syndrome Controlled: no
Dicyclomine Hydrochloride
-manufacturers of supplements are permitted to make claims not approved by the FDA, but they must still comply with purity and safety standards to protect patients and prevent adulteration
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA)
Fluconazole
Diflucan (Antifungal)
uses one pan and a digital or analytical readout for weighing ingredients -easier to use than a class III balance and more accurate
Digital Balance
Brand Name: Digitek, Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps Drug Class: cardiac glycoside Indication: used for treatment of heart failure, atrial fibrillation and flutter, and tachycardia Controlled: no
Digoxin
Lanoxin
Digoxin
Phenytoin
Dilantin (Anticonvulsant)
Cardizem
Diltiazem
Brand Name: Cardizem, Cardizem SR, Cardizem CD, Cardizem LA, Cartia XT, Dilacor XR, Dilt-CD, Dilt-XR, Diltia XT, Diltzac, Taztia XT, Tiazac Drug Class: Antihypertensive--calcium channel blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension; can also be used for treatment angina Controlled: no
Diltiazem Hydrochloride
a liquid used to reconstitute a powder medication before it is injected into a patient or another IV solution -sterile water -normal saline
Diluent
Valsartan
Diovan (Antihypertensive-ARB)
Brand Name: Lomotil Drug Class: antidiarrheal Indication: treatment of diarrhea Controlled: YES
Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride; C-5
Brand Name: Aggrenox Drug Class: anti platelet agent Indication: reduce the risk of stroke and blood clots Controlled: no
Dipyridamole and Aspirin
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: - Indication: to treat rheumatoid arthritis Side effects: - Examples: -abatacept-adalimumab-etanercept-methotrexate Special consideration: helps slow the progression of the disease, but use is limited by side effects
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Agents (DMARDs)
Oxybutynin
Ditropan (Incontinence)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: used to maintain the balance of water, electrolytes, and acids and bases Types: -loop-potassium sparing-thiazides-combination Special consideration: should be avoided at bedtime to prevent frequent urination at night
Diuretics
Brand Name: Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakote Sprinkles Drug Class: antiepileptic Indication: treatment of seizures, bipolar disorders, and migraine prophylaxis Controlled: no
Divalproex Sodium
Which of the following is a way to reduce medication errors for a pharmacy technician?
Do a mental check of dosage appropriateness
Brand Name: Aricept Drug Class: antipsychotic Indication: treatment of Alzheimer's dementia Controlled: no
Donepezil Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Cardura, Cardura XL Drug Class: antihypertensive/Prostate--anti-inflammatory Indication: treatment of high BP and benign prostatic hyperplasia (bhp) Controlled: no
Doxazosin Mesylate
Brand Name: Sinequan Drug Class: antidepressant--tricyclic Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no
Doxepin Hydrochloride
Vibramycin
Doxycycline
Brand Name: Vibramycin Drug Class: antibiotic--tetracycline Indication: treatment of bacterial infections, including syphilis, gonorrhea, acne, and prophylaxis of malaria Controlled: no
Doxycycline Hyclate
Meclizine
Dramamine (Antiemetic)
agency created under the CSA to enforce all controlled substances laws of the United States
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Which reference book provides information with regard to brand and generic names, drug identification, and dosage calculations?
Drug Facts and Comparisons Book. Updated monthly.
-FDA assigned each drug a specific number to identify it: the National Drug Code (NDA) number
Drug Listing Act of 1972
-to encourage creation of generic drugs by streamlining the approval process for generic drugs -to encourage creation of new brand name drugs by extending patent licenses
Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984
may be issued by the FDA to withdraw a drug from the marker to issued voluntarily by the manufacturer in the case of contamination or other liability concerns
Drug Recall
Which reference book provides information about therapeutic equivalence?
Drug Topics Orange Book, which is known as "Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluation.s"
Which reference book provides information on drug prices?
Drug Topics Red Book. Updated yearly.
Which of the following identifies medications that may cause problems if taken simultaneously?
Drug to drug interaction
Brand Name: Cymbalta Drug Class: antidepressant--selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) Indication: treatment of depression; also used for treatment of fibromyalgia, diabetic neuropathy, and other chronic pain Controlled: no
Duloxetine Hydrochloride
Fentanyl
Duragesic (Painkiller)
Which law allows pharmacists/interns to take prescriptions over the telephone from a physician's office?
Durham-Humphrey Amendment
Which legislation established two classes of drugs?
Durham-Humphrey Amendment
-amendment to the FDCA -distinguished between prescription and OTC medications -"Caution: Federal State Law prohibits dispensing without a prescription" -allowed verbal prescriptions to be given over the phone -allowed refills to be called in
Durham-Humphrey Amendment of 1951
Triamterene/HCTZ
Dyazide (Diuretic)
Venlafaxine
Effexor (Antidepressant)
Amitriptyline
Elavil (Antidepressant)
Which of the following is a medication error deficit in knowledge?
Employee may not have been given the information needed to perform the task was correct.
Brand Name: Vasotec Drug Class: anithypertensive--ACE Inhibitor Indication: treatment of high blood pressure Controlled: no
Enalapril Maleate
Etanercept
Enbrel (Anti-arthritis)
What are some of the duties of an institutional pharmacy technician?
Enter prescription orders into the computer. Fill patient medication cassettes. Transport medications throughout the institution.
Drug class: ? Description of condition: occurs when a man cannot keep an erection long enough or firm enough for sexual intercourse Indication: used for the treatment of ED Examples: -sildenafil-tadalafil-vardenafil Special considerations: these product should never be used in patients taking nitrates for chest pain--can cause unsafe drop in blood pressure
Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Medications
Brand Name: Lexapro Drug Class: antidepressant--selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no
Escitalopram Oxalate
Brand Name: Nexium Drug Class: antinuclear agent--Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Indication: treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and other hypersecretory conditions Controlled: no
Esomeprazole Magnesium
Which of the following is a role of the United States Pharmacopeia?
Establish standards for medication identity, purity and strength.
Estradiol
Estrace (Menopause)
Brand Name: Vivelle-Dot Drug Class: hormone replacement (topical) Indication: treatment of symptoms associated with menopause or estrogen replacement due to ovarian failure Controlled: no
Estradiol
Brand Name: Premarin, Cenestin, Enjuvia Drug Class: estrogen hormone Indication: treatment of symptoms of menopause, female hypogonadism, and prostate cancer Controlled: no
Estrogens (Conjugated)
Brand Name: Lunesta Drug Class: sedative Indication: treatment of insomnia Controlled: YES
Eszopiclone; C-4
How often does a pharmacy balance need to be certified?
Every 12 months
How often must laminar flow hoods be certified?
Every 6 months
Raloxifene
Evista (Osteoporosis)
according to the Poison Prevention Packaging Act, there are exceptions that do not require child-resistant containers. Exceptions: -if a patient requests a non-childproof resistant container (and signs a waiver) -drugs dispensed to institutionalized patients or those order as such by a prescriber Examples: -sublingual nitroglycerin -oral contraceptives -inhalation aerosols
Exceptions for child-resistant containers
Rivastigmine
Exelon (Anti-dementia)
Which of the following is a drug the helps remove mucous from the respiratory system?
Expectorants are used to remove mucous secretions by loosening and thinning sputum making it easy to expectorate. Antitussives are used to decrease the coughing reflex; Decongestants are used to shrink swollen membranes in the nasal cavity; Antihistamines are used to inhibit the effects of histamines.
used for flushing contaminants from the eye after exposure to a hazardous chemical
Eyewash
Brand Name: Zetia Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no
Ezetimibe
Zetia
Ezetimibe
Brand Name: Vytorin Drug Class: entihyperlipidemic Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no
Ezetimibe with Simvastatin
The manufacturing, dispensing and distribution of controlled substances is regulated by the:
FDA
____________ calls in all all recalls (even CII'S)
FDA
Which regulatory agency may issue drug recall?
FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
-change label on prescription drugs from "Caution: Federal Law Prohibits dispensing without a prescription" to" "Rx Only"
FDA Modernization Act of 2004
Brand Name: Pepcid Drug Class: antiulcer agent --H2 receptor blocker Indication: treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and ulcer Controlled: no
Famotidine
excessive intake result in toxicity, as these vitamins can accumulate and are store in the body--Vitamins A, D, E and K
Fat soluble
Controlled Substance Act
Federal law regulating the manufacture,sale,distribution of drugs with potential abuse/dependence
Brand Name: Tricor Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no
Fenofibrate
Brand Name: Duragesic Drug Class: opioid analgesic (transdermal) Indication: management of chronic pain Controlled: YES
Fentanyl; C-2
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: dissolving clots by binding to clotting agent and preventing it from holding the clot together Indication: used to dissolve preexisting blood clots Side effects: - Examples: -alteplase-reteplase-renecteplase Special consideration: all fibrinolytic are in powder form and must be reconstituted
Fibrinolytics
a needle used to withdraw fluid from an ampule; has a built-in filter to remove any glass particles that may have fallen into the medication
Filter Needle
Brand Name: Proscar, Propecia Drug Class: prostate--anti-inflammatory Indication: treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Controlled: no
Finasteride
Which of the following terms assumes the cost at the earliest purchase of goods is the first to be recognized as the cost of the goods sold?
First in, first out assumes the cost at the earliest purchase of goods.
Metronidazole
Flagyl (Antibiotic)
Cyclobenzaprine
Flexeril (Muscle Relaxer)
Tamsulosin
Flomax (Freq. Urination)
Fluticasone
Flonase (Allergies)
Brand Name: Diflucan Drug Class: antifungal Indication: treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections Controlled: no
Flucanazole
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibits bacterial DNA replication, causing bacterial cell death Indication: UTIs, upper respiratory infections, infectious diarrhea, bone/joint infections Side effects: nausea/vomiting, dizziness Examples: -ciprofloxacin-levofloxacin Special consideration: antacids interfere with absorption and will render medication ineffective when taken concurrently; should not be given to children or pregnant women
Fluoroquinolones
Brand Name: Prozac, Sarafem Drug Class: Antidepressant--selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Indication: treatment of depression disorders (Sarafem used to treat PMDD) Controlled: no
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Flonase, Veramyst Drug Class: Antiallergic-steroid (nasal spray) Indication: treatment of seasonal allergies and rhinitis Controlled: no
Fluticasone Propionate
Brand Name: Advair Drug Class: anti asthmatic (inhalation) Indication: treatment of asthma and COPD Controlled: no
Fluticasone Propionate with Salmeterol Xinafoate
Brand Name: Flovent, Flovent Diskus, Flovent HFA Drug Class: anti asthmatic--steroid Indication: treatment for the prevention of asthma attacks Controlled: no
Fluticasone propionate
Dexmethylphenidate (C3)
Focalin (ADHD)
Brand Name: Folate Drug Class: vitamin Indication: treatment of anemia or folic acid deficiency Controlled: no
Folic Acid
Folic Acid
Folvite (Supplement)
Under the U.S. department of Health and Human Services; responsible for : -new drug review and approval -generic drug approval -issuing drug recalls if needed -OTC drug reviews
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
-defined adulteration and misbranding -created the FDA -required manufacturers to submit new drug application (NDA) TO FDA
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 (FDCA)
Food & Drug Administration & Modernization Act
Food, Medical products, Cosmetics regulation/reform
Alendronate
Fosamax (Osteoporosis)
Who discovered insulin?
Frederick Banting/Charles Best
Brand Name: Lasix Drug Class: Diuretic--loop Indication: treatment of edema and hypertension Controlled: no
Furosemide
Standard Metric Unit for Weight
G, gram
Brand Name: Neurontin Drug Class: antiepileptic Indication: used as an adjunct in the treatment of partial seizures; can also be used to neuralgia (nerve pain) and restless leg syndrome (RLS) Controlled: no
Gabapentin
Neurontin
Gabapentin
Baclofen
Gablofen (Muscle Relaxer)
process must be followed strictly to prevent contamination; when finished, remove items in reverse order. Garbing order: 1. shoe covers 2. hair cover 3. face mask 4. wash hands 5. disposable gown 6. eye shield 7. sterile gloves
Garbing Process
Brand Name: Lopid Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no
Gemfibrozil
comparable to the brand name product in strength, dosage form, and route of administration; must also demonstrate similar effectiveness and efficacy, but is not protected by a patent
Generic Drug
a method that ensure equal distribution of ingredients -first, mix the ingredient in the smallest amount with an equal amount of the next ingredient in quantity -mix these throughly, then add another amount equal to that which is now in the mortar and mix again -continue this process, increasing in quantity until all ingredients are mixed evenly
Geometric Dilution
Which technique used in compounding describes the mixing of two ingredients of unequal quantities?
Geometric dilution is the technique for mixing two ingredients of unequal quantities, whereas one begins with the smallest quantity and add an equal quantity of the larger amount until all ingredients are used. Levigation is the trituration of a powder with a solvent. Pulverization is the reducing of the size of a particle. Blending is the combing of two substances.
Which type of mortar and pestle is used to mix liquids?
Glass
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: glaucoma is a disorder of the eye characterized by intraocular pressure that can destroy nerves and lead to vision loss Indication: used for the treatment of glaucoma Mechanism of action:lower pressure by increasing drainage or decreasing production of aqueous humor Side effects: - Examples: -bimatoprost-brimonidine-dorzolaminde-latanoprost-timolol Special consideration: -
Glaucoma agents
Brand Name: Amaryl Drug Class: Antidiabetic--oral hypoglycemic Indication: used as an adjunct in the treatment of type II diabetes Controlled: no
Glimepride
Brand Name: glucotrol Drug Class: antidiabetic--oral hypoglyemic agent Indication: used as an adjunct in treatment of type II diabetes Controlled: no
Glipizide
used as a quality assurance tool for sterile compounding procedures -detects the presence of microorganisms on the fingertips of gloves if a sterile compounding technician is using poor aseptic technique practices -an agar plate is used to detect the pathogens -should be completed on personnel prior to compounding CSPs and annually thereafter as a part of competency training
Glove Fingertip Sampling
Metformin
Glucophage (Anti-Diabetic)
Glipizide
Glucotrol ( Diabetes 2)
Brand Name: Diabeta, Micronase Drug Class: antidiabetic--oral hypoglycemic Indication: used as an adjunct in the treatment of type II diabetes Controlled: no
Glyburide
a glass or plastic tool used for measuring liquid volumes -range in size from 5 mL to more than 1000 mL -for highest degree of accuracy, always choose the smallest size that can measure the volume desired (e.g. choose a 100 mL cylinder to measure 95 mL---don't choose a 250 mL cylinder)
Graduated Cylinder
Brand Name: Intuniv, Tenex Drug Class: antihypertensive/ADHD Treatment Indication: treatment of hypertension and ADHD in children over 6 years old Controlled: no
Guanfacine Hydrochloride
What drug classification is associated with"-tidine"?
H2 blocker
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: block gastric acid and secretion from histamine through blockage at the H2 receptor Indication: used for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and heartburn Side effects: - Examples: -cimetidine-nizatidine-ranitidine-famotidine Special consideration: all are available OTC; important to take at bedtime
H2 receptor blockers
Hydrocholorothiazide
HCTZ (Diuretic)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibit the enzyme that is required for cholesterol production Indication: used to lower cholesterol Examples: -atorvastatin-lovastatin-pravastatin-rosuvastatin-simvastatin Special consideration: most work better when taken at night; patients should avoid drinking grapefruit juice
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
What is the brand name for haloperidol?
Haldol
What must be done if a patient requests an easy-open container?
Have the patient sign the back of the prescription, indicating that he has requeste an easy-open container.
What two of the following drugs have the same therapeutic effect? Then it will list drug names
Having the same therapeutic effect means that the two drugs do the same thing in the body. Most correct answer will be brand/generic. For example, the answer will be listed as A) Zestril/lisinopril.....this is brand/generic so pick this one
protect patient confidentiality of medical records, including prescription history
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
Which one is an anticoagulant
Heparin
Which of the following is on the ISMP High Alert list for community and ambulatory setting?
High alert medications cause a significant and considerable harm when used in error. metFORMIN is found on the list for community settings.
used to minimize airborne contamination by filtering 99.97% of particles sized 0.3 microns and greater
High-Efficiency Particulate Airflow Filter (HEPA)
involves mixing more than three products and/or one of the products is not sterile or being compounded in an environment less than ISO class 5; these products must be sterilized before being injected into the patient -Example: using a non sterile ingredient in preparing a medication for a patient
High-Risk CSPs
a hood used to prepare CSPs that are not hazardous -air is pulled into the hood through a prefilter and then filtered through the HEPA filter before blowing horizontally across the work surface toward the worker -technicians must work 6 inches inside the hood to avoid mixing unfiltered air of the clean room with the HEPA filtered air of the LAFW
Horizontal Laminar Airflow Workbench (LAFW)
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: treatment helps relieve symptoms of estrogen deficiency resulting from menopause Symptoms: -severe hot flashes-vaginal atrophy-insomnia-irritability Examples: -conjugated estrogen--conjugated estrogen-medroxyprogesterone--premphase, estradiol-levonorgestrel
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Insulin Lispro
Humalog (Rapid Acting Insulin)
Adalimumab
Humira (Anti-inflammatory)
What is the brand name for hydroxyurea?
Hydrea
Brand Name: HydroDiuril, Esidrix Drug Class: diuretic--thiazide Indication: treatment of edema and hypertension Controlled: no
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Brand Name: Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Vicodin Drug Class: opiod analgesic Indication: relief of moderate to moderately severe pain Controlled: YES
Hydrocodone with Acetaminophen; C-3
Brand Name: Plaquenil Drug Class: antimalarial Indication: treatment of malaria, also used for SLE (systematic lupus erythematosus) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Controlled: no
Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate
Brand Name: Atarax Drug Class: antihistamine Indication: treatment of pruritus and other allergic conditions; can also be used to treat anxiety through sedating effects Controlled: no
Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Vistaril Drug Class: antihistamine Indication: treatment of anxiety, chronic urticaria, and atopic dermatitis; also used as sedative Controlled: no
Hydroxyzine Pamoate
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: overactive thyroid, which produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones; may be caused by a tumor or excessive iodine intake Treated with: surgery or drug treatment Side effects: - Examples: -methimazole-propylthiouracil-radioactive iodine Special consideration: -
Hyperthyroidism
a solution that has more particles than the surrounding cells, which causes water to be drawn out of cells, and the cells to shrivel - concentration higher than .09%
Hypertonic Solution
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA, which results in sedation Indication: used to treat insomnia and sleep disorders Side effects: - Examples: -eszopiclone-zalepion-zolpidem Special consideration: work the same way as the benzodiazepines, but quicker and have a shorter half-life; benzodiazepines can also be used to treat sleep disorders, especially when insomnia is driven by anxiety-related issues
Hypnotic and Sedatives
Drug Class: ? Description of Condition: underachieve thyroid, which produces insufficient amounts of thyroid hormones; characterized by weight gain and decreased heart rate in adults Treated with: thyroid replacement therapy Side effects: - Examples: -levothyroxine-thyroid(Armour Thyroid) Special consideration: -
Hypothyroidism
a solution that has fewer particles than the surrounding cells, which causes water to be drawn into the cells, and the cells to swell and sometimes burst
Hypotonic Solution
Losartan/HCTZ
Hyzaar (Hypertension)
List Schedules
I,II,III,IV,V
Codeine, meperidine and oxycodone all belong to which controlled schedule?
II
What type of environment should a laminar flow hood provide?
ISO 5, formerly know as a Class 100 area
used when rapid administration of a drug is required; medication is pushed all at once, such as when patients receive epinephrine during cardia arrest; known as IV push
IV Bolus
used to provide administration of an intravenous drug over a longer period of time; medication is hung in bas, and the infusion rate is calculated to determine the quantity needed for the entire duration of therapy
IV Infusion
used for administration of an intravenous medication used the primary IV line already being used for IV infusion; a second bag is hung with the medication needed to be infused simultaneously as the main infusion
IV piggy back
Brand Name: Advil, Motrin Drug Class: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Indication: treatment of mild pain and inflammatory conditions Controlled: no
Ibuprofen
Sumatriptan
Imitrex (Migraine)
intended to be used only for emergency situations or when a patient requires the immediate use of a CSP; must be administered within one hour of preparation -Example: emergency medications for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Immediate Use CSP
Which of the following drugs is not a laxative?
Imodium bc it is used to treat diarrhea
Which of the following is not a quality-related event?
Incorrect pharmacy
Propranolol
Inderal (Hypertension)
What is the term for the leakage of IV fluid into muscular tissue?
Infiltration
Are there any special requirements concerning an IV with fats in it?
Instability
Define ISMP
Institute for Safe Medication Practices
What is angina?
Insufficient oxygen to the heart muscle causing sudden, severe substernal pain radiating to the left arm
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: lowers blood sugar in patients who are unable to make insulin Indication: used to treat diabetes Side effects: - Examples: Rapid--lispro, aspart, regular. Intermediate--humulin N, Humulin 70/30. Long--detemir,glargine Special consideration: must be given subcutaneously; injection site should be rotated
Insulin
Brand Name: Novolog Drug Class: antidiabetic Indication: treatment of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes or type 2 diabetes not properly controlled, may be used in conjunction with long-acting insulin Controlled: no
Insulin Apart (rDNA origin)
Brand Name: Levemir Drug Class: antidiabetic Indication: treatment of insulin-dependent (type 1) or type 2 diabetes not properly controlled Controlled: no
Insulin Detemir
Brand Name: Lantus Drug Class: antidiabetic Indication: treatment of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes or type 2 diabetes not properly controlled Controlled: no
Insulin Glargine
Brand Name: Humalog Drug Class: antidiabetic Indication: treatment of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes and type 2 diabetes not properly controlled Controlled: no
Insulin Lispro
system for describing the maximum number of particles in the air allowed in a room where sterile products are compounded
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Mineral: ? Chemical Symbol: I Use in the body: Thyroid function
Iodine
Brand Name: Combivent (MDI Inhaler) and Duoneb (solution with inhalation) Drug Class: anti asthmatic--combination bronchodialator Indication: treatment of COPD Controlled: no
Ipratropium Bromide with Albuterol Sulfate
Mineral: ? Chemical Symbol: Fe Use in the body: red blood cell formation
Iron
used for disinfecting and cleaning several areas: -work surfaces of compounding area -tops of vials prior to needle puncture -gloved hands when necessary
Isopropyl Alcohol 70% (IPA)
Brand Name: Imdur Drug Class: antianginal agent Indication: treatment of prophylaxis of angina Controlled: no
Isosorbide Mononitrate
a solution tha has the same amount of particles as the surrounding cells, so no water will move in or out, and the cell will stay the same
Isotonic
What is an agonist?
It is a drug that is capable of binding to, and activating, a receptor
What is Noroxin used for?
It is an antibacterial used to treat UTI's, sexual transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea
Sitagliptin
Januvia (Diabetes)
Can you wear jewelry while preparing IV admixtures?
Jewelry should not be worn while preparing IV admixtures because it may puncture the latex gloves.
Potassium
K-Tab (Electrolyte)
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: stress and anxiety, sedative effects
Kava Kava
-requires all medications to be safe and effective -passed in response to the thalidomide birth defects -requires drug manufacturers to file investigational new drug application (INDA)
Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962
Cephalexin
Keflex (Anti-Biotic)
Triamcinolone
Kenalog (Corticosteroid)
Levetiracetam
Keppra (Anti-Seizure)
Record Keeping for controlled substances
Kept onsite 2 years, offsite 5 years
Which of the following drugs is a benzodiazepine?
Klonopin
Clonazepam(C4)
Klonopin (Anti Anxiety)
Standard Metric Unit for Volume
L, liters
What is the generic name for Triphasil?
L-norgestrel/ethinyl estradiol
Lamotrigine
Lamictal (Antiepileptic)
Brand Name: Lamictal Drug Class: antiepiletic--anticonvulsant Indication: used as an adjunct in treatment of epilepsy and seizures Controlled: no
Lamotrigine
Digoxin
Lanoxin (Congestive Heart Failure)
Brand Name: Prevacid Drug Class: antinuclear agent--Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Indication: Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and other hypersecretory conditions Controlled: no
Lansoprazole
Insulin Glargine
Lantus (Long Acting Insulin)
an IV fusion of greater than 250 mL (most commonly given as 500 mL or 1000 mL) -used for electrolyte replacement and hydration -given as a continuous infusion or IV drip
Large Volume Parenteral
Lurasidone
Latuda (Antipsychotic)
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: constipation is the difficulty or inability to pass bowel movements Indication: used for treatment of constipation Side effects: - Types:-bulk-forming-saline-stimulant-stool softners-bowel evacuants Special consideration: -
Laxatives
drugs that require a prescription in order to be dispensed
Legend Drugs
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: block leukotrienes, which results in the blocking of inflammatory responses Indication: used for prophylactic treatment of asthma Side effects: - Examples: montelukast Special consideration: Singulair can be used in patients as young as 12 months old
Leukotriene Inhibitors
Brand Name: Xopenex Drug Class: bronchodialator--antiasthmatic Indication: treatment of asthma and COPD Controlled: no
Levalbuterol Hydrochloride
Levofloxacin
Levaquin (Antibiotic)
Insulin Detemir
Levemir (Long Acting Insulin)
Brand Name: Keppra Drug Class: antiepileptic, anticonvulsant Indication: used as an adjunct in the treatment of partial seizures Controlled: no
Levetiracetam
an agent is added to a triturated powder slowly to make a paste. -mineral oil -castor oil -vegetable oil -glycerin
Levigation
Vardenafil
Levitra (Impotence)
Brand Name: Levaquin Drug Class: antibiotic--fluoroquinolone Indication: treatment of bacterial infections, such as those that cause community-acquired pneumonia, acute sinusitis, UTIs, among others Controlled: no
Levofloxacin
Brand Name: Levoxyl, Synthroid, Unithroid, Levothroid Drug Class: thyroid hormone Indication: treatment of hypothyroidism Controlled: no
Levothyroxine Sodium
Escitalopram
Lexapro (Antidepressant)
permission by the state board for an individual to practice in a given occupation; individual must demonstrate a minimum competency in order to practice
Licensure
Brand Name: Lidoderm Drug Class: topical analgesic (transdermal) Indication: relief of pain associated with neuralgia Controlled: no
Lidocaine
Atorvastatin
Lipitor (Cholesterol)
Brand Name: Prinizide, Zestoretic Drug Class: antihypertensive--combination of ACE inhibitor and diuretic Indication: treatment of hypertension Controlled: no
Lisinopril with Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Eskalith, Lithobid, Lithonate Drug Class: antipsychotic Indication: treatment of bipolar disorder Controlled: no
Lithium Carbonate
a larger dose of a medication given to a patient to bring the concentration of drug in the blood to a therapeutic level more rapidly than a single dose; maintained at the therapeutic level with a maintenance dose
Loading dose
Which drug reduces blood pressure and grows hair?
Loniten (minoxidil)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle, which results in excretion of water Indication: used for the treatment of hypertension, edema, and congestive heart failure (CHF) Side effects: - Examples: -furosemide-bumetanide-torsemide Special consideration: -
Loop Diuretics
Metoprolol
Lopressor (Beta Blocker)
Ativan
Lorazepam
Brand Name: Ativan Drug Class: antianxiety--benzodiazepine Indication: treatment of anxiety Controlled: YES
Lorazepam
Cozaar
Losartan
Brand Name: Cozaar Drug Class: antihypertensive--angiotensin II receptor blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension Controlled: no
Losartan Potassium
Brand Name: Hyzaar Drug Class: antihypertenive (combination of ARB and diuretic) Indication: treatment of hypertension Controlled: no
Losartan Potassium with Hydrochlorothiazide
Which of the following is used to identify medications affected by recalls?
Lot Number
Benazepril
Lotensin (ACE Inhibitor)
Brand Name: Mevacor Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic--HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no
Lovastatin
Enoxaparin
Lovenox (Blood Thinner)
involves the mixing of no more than three sterile products within an ISO class 5 workbench -example: single transfer of a dosage from a vial into an IV bag
Low-risk CSPs
What does antipyretics do?
Lower fever - for examples see NSAIDS
Eszopiclone (C4)
Lunesta (Sleep Aid)
What is the brand name for leuprolide?
Lupron
Pregabalin
Lyrica (Anti-convulsant)
Brand Name: Lyrica Drug Class: anticonvulsant Indication: used as an adjunct in treatment of epilepsy and seizures; can also be used for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia Controlled: YES
Lyrica; C-5
Nitrofurantoin
Macrobid (Antibiotic)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria Indication: respiratory infections, chlamydia Side effects: GI distress Examples: -azithromycin-clarithromycin-erthromycin Special consideration: -
Macrolides
Mineral: ? Chemical Symbol: Mg Use in the body: muscle function
Magnesium
The NDC on a medication bottle refers to the:
Manufacturer, drug product, quantity packaged
Which is a CI?
Marijuana
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibit inflammatory cells Indication: used for prophylactic treatment of asthma Side effects: - Examples: -cromolyn-nedrocromil Special consideration: a bronchodilator is used first so that airways are opened prior to use, which may cause poor compliance; also has unpleasant taste and cause hoarseness and dry mouth
Mast cell stabilizers
provided to the pharmacy about each chemical; contains important information on the hazards of particular substances, including flammability and reactivity of chemicals. Also includes informations on how to store chemicals and what god in the event of a spill or accidental ingestion
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
medicare therapy management (MTM) services are associated with which law?
Medicare Modernization Act (MMA)
Which of the following part of Medicare is a health plan offered by private insurance companies?
Medicare Part C or Advantage Plan contracts with Medicare to provide Part A and Part Benefits through HMO and PPO. Medicare Part A covers inpatient hospital care; Medicare Part B covers physician services and outpatient care; Medicare Part D covers prescription medications
-also known as Medicare Part D, provided prescription drug coverage to patients eligible for Medicare
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA)
Which of the following is a strategy to prevent patient harm that involves identifying the most up to date list of all medications a patient is currently taking?
Medication reconciliation
involves more complex sterile compounding procedures than low risk, such as mixing more than three sterile products or administering to multiple patients -Example: preparation of total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Medium-risk CSPs
Methylprednisolone
Medrol (Corticosteriod)
voluntary program run by the FDA that allows any healthcare professional or patient to report a serious adverse event associated with the use of a specific drug
Medwatch
Brand Name: Mobic Drug Class: NSAID Indication: relief of symptoms associated with arthritis Controlled: no
Meloxicam
Mobic
Meloxicam
Brand Name: Namenda Drug Class: agent for alzheimer's disease Indication: treatment for Alzheimer's disease Controlled: no
Memantine Hydrochloride
curve at the upper surface of a liquid caused by surface tension -the liquid at the bottom of it should be measured at eye level
Meniscus
Which book gives information on general disease categories and their treatments?
Merck Index
Brand Name: Skelaxin Drug Class: muscle relaxant Indication: treatment of painful musculoskeletal conditions Controlled: no
Metaxalone
Glucophage
Metformin
Brand Name: Glucophage, Glucopage XR Drug Class: antidiabetic Indication: used for lowering of blood sugar in type 2 diabetes, sometimes used in combination with insulin or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Controlled: no
Metformin Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Dolophine Drug Class: opioid analgesic Indication: used for relief of severe pain, and for the detoxification or temporary maintenance of narcotic addiction Controlled: YES
Methadone Hydrochloride; C-2
Brand Name: Robaxin Drug Class: muscle relaxant Indication: relief of painful musculoskeletal conditions Controlled: no
Methocarbamol
Brand Name: Rheumatrex, Trexall Drug Class: antimetabolite Indication: treatment of specific types of cancer, management of severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis Controlled: no
Methorexate Sodium
Concerta
Methylphenidate
Brand Name: Ritalin, Metadate ER, Concerta Drug Class: CNS Stimulant Indication: treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy Controlled: YES
Methylphenidate Hydrochloride; C-2
Brand Name: Medrol, Medrol Dosepack Drug Class: anti-inflammatory (corticosteroid) Indication: treatment of inflammatory conditions Controlled: no
Methylprednisolone
Brand Name: Reglan Drug Class: antiemetic Indication: prevention of nausea and vomiting Controlled: no
Metoclopramide Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Zaroxolyn Drug Class: diuretic Indication: treatment of edema and hypertension Controlled: no
Metolazone
Brand Name: Toprol XL Drug Class: antihypertensive--beta blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension (high BP) and angina Controlled: no
Metoprolol Succinate
Brand Name: Lopressor Drug Class: antihypertensive--beta blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension (high BP) and angina Controlled: no
Metoprolol Tartate
Drug Class: ? Indication: bacterial infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, protozoa infections, gynecologic, and as part of a multi drug regimen for H. Pylori Special Consideration: patient must be counseled to not drink alcohol while taking this medication--if taken with alcohol, patient will develop severe nausea and vomiting
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Lovastatin
Mevacor (Cholesterol)
Minocycline
Minocin (Antibiotic)
Brand Name: Remeron Drug Class: antidepressant-tetracyclic Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no
Mirtazapine
a product that has been labeled incorrectly, or whose label may include false or misleading statements about the ingredients of the drug
Misbranded Product
Meloxicam
Mobic (NSAID Arthritis)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: block the enzyme that breaks down serotonin and norepinephrine Indication: used to treat depression Side effects: - Examples: -selegiline-phenelzine Special consideration: have many drug interactions; should not take with ephedrine, amphetamine, methylphenidate, levodopa, or meperidine; patients need to avoid aged cheeses and certain meats and vegetables; patients require a 2-week washout period after discontinuing medication before a new therapy begins.
Monoamine Oxidate Inhibitors (MAOI)
Brand Name: Singulair Drug Class: antiasthmatic--Leukotriene Inhibitor Indication: treatment of asthma, bronchospasms, and seasonal allergies Controlled: no
Montelukast Sodium
Brand Name: MS Contin, Kadian, Avinza, Oramorph SR, MSIR Drug Class: opioid analgesic Indication: management of moderate to severe pain Controlled: YES
Morphine Sulfate; C-2
used in non sterile compounding to grind substances
Mortar and Pestle
Brand Name: Bactroban Drug Class: antibacterial (topical) Indication: treatment of impetigo, MRSA, and other bacterial skin infections Controlled: no
Mupirocin
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: - Indication: to reduce muscle tension Side effects: - Examples: -baclofen-carisoprodol-cyclobenzaprine Special consideration: carisoprodol is a schedule IV controlled substance
Muscle Relaxants
Schedule 1
NO RX
-profen
NSAID (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug)
fenoprofen; flurbiprofen; ibuprofen; ketoprofen
NSAID (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug)
Mematine
Namenda (Alzheimer's)
What is the brand name for naproxen?
Naprosyn
Brand Name: Naprosyn, EC-Naprosyn, Aleve Drug Class: non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Indication: treatment of mild to moderate pain, including pain from arthritis and other inflammatory conditions Controlled: no
Naproxen
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: activate opiate receptors, which helps inhibit the pain pathway Indication: used to treat moderate to severe pain Side effects: - Examples: -fentanyl-hydromorphone-meperidine-morphine-oxycodone-oxycodone with acetaminophen Special consideration: all are controlled substances and have abuse potential
Narcotic Analgesic
Mometasone
Nasonex (Allergies)
What is the brand name for mometasone furoate?
Nasonex or Elocon
represents all 50 state boards of pharmacy; has no regulatory authority
National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP)
number assigned to each drug by the FDA: -first five numbers = drug manufacturer -second four numbers = drug product -third set of two numbers = package size
National Drug Code (NDC)
Brand Name: Bystolic Drug Class: antihypertensive--beta blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension (high BP) Controlled: no
Nebivolol Hydrochloride
a machine used for administering medication into the lungs of children or other patients requiring a breathing treatment; patients will wear a mask, and the medication is delivered as a fine mist that the patient breathes in to make sure it reaches the lungs
Nebulizer
used to puncture containers of medication and to withdraw or inject fluid
Needle
the size of a needle is determined by its gauge
Needle Gauge
What is the vial pressure of hazardous drugs?
Negative pressure will prevent the spraying of medication out of the vial onto the technician
Gabapentin
Neurontin ( Anti-Epileptic)
documentation required by the FDA to be filled with each new drug prior to marketing
New Drug Application (NDA)
Esomeprazole
Nexium (G.E.R.D.)
Brand Name: Niacin, Niacin SR, Niacor, Niaspan ER, Slo-Niacin Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic Indication: treatment of high cholesterol, may also be used to treat coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis) Controlled: no
Niacin (Extended Release)
Brand Name: Procardia, Nifedical XL Drug Class: antihypertensive--calcium channel blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension and angina Controlled: no
Nifedipine
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: relax the smooth muscle of the heart and dilate the surrounding blood vessels to increase blood flow Indication: used for the treatment of angina Side effects: - Examples: -isosorbide dinitrate-isosorbide mononitrate-nitroglycerin Special consideration: nitroglycerin is used sublingually as the drug of choice for an acute attack of angina; nitrates should not be used if taking specific medications for erectile dysfunction--can cause an unsafe drop in blood pressure
Nitrates
Brand Name: Macrobid, Macrodantin Drug Class: antibacterial Indication: treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) Controlled: no
Nitrofurantoin
What is the brand name for nitroglycerin?
Nitrostat
Nitroglycerin
Nitrostat (Angina)
Ketoconazole
Nizoral (Antifungal)
C1
No RX
C2
No Refill- marijuana,LSD, heroin
Which form is required to be completed in the destruction of noncontrolled substances?
No form is required
Schedule 2
No refill
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which helps prevent inflammation from occurring Indication: used to lower inflammation and fever, and for mild to moderate pain relief Side effects: - Examples: -ibuprofen-naproxen-diclofenac-ketorolac-indomethacin Special consideration: can cause of GI distress due to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: used to treat mild to moderate pain Indication: - Side effects-: Examples: -NSAIDs-cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors-aspirin-acetaminophen Special consideration:-
Non-narcotic Analgesic
-fenac
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
bromfenac; diclofenac; nepafenac
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
Brand Name: Pamelor Drug Class: antidepressant--tricyclic Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no
Nortriptyline Hydrochloride
Amlodipine
Norvasc (Calcium Channel Blocker)
Amlodopine is what?
Norvasc (Calcium Channel Blocker)
Insulin Aspart
Novolog (Rapid Acting Insulin)
Brand Name: Nystop (powder), Mycostatin (cream, suspension) Drug Class: antifungal Indication: treatment of fungal infections including oral candidiasis (thrush) Controlled: no
Nystatin
Which governmental agency is responsible for safety in the workplace?
OSHA
Which federal agency is responsible for hazardous waste and materials?
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
drugs that are available for purchase without a prescription
OTC Drugs (Over The Counter)
Which government agency oversees safety in the workplace?
Occupational Safety And Health Administration (OSHA)
-to ensure a safe workplace for employees -affects pharmacy employees by ensuring compliance for protection from air contamination, needle sticks, and hazardous chemical exposure
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
a flat surface used for mixing compounds such as creams, ointments, pastes, or gels -usually made from ground glass, so it is nonabsorbent
Ointment Slab
Brand Name: Zyprexa Drug Class: antipsychotic--atypical Indication: treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Controlled: no
Olanzapine
Brand Name: Patanol, Pataday Drug Class: antiallergic (ophthalmic) Indication: treatment of allergic conjunctivitis Controlled: no
Olaptadine Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Benicar Drug Class: Antihypertensive--angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) Indication: treatment of hypertension Controlled: no
Olmesartan Medoxomil
Brand Name: Lovaza Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no
Omega-3-Acid Ethyl Esters
the law that requires pharmacists to provide counseling services to medicaid patients is
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)
This Act requires states to establish drug use review programs?
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990
-any participant in Medicaid reimbursement program must undergo drug utilization review (DUR) by the pharmacist -every patient must receive an offer to be counseled by the pharmacist -failure to do so can result in loss of Medicaid reimbursement
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (OBRA-90)
Prednisolone
Omnipred (Anti-inflammatory)
Brand Name: Zofran, Zofran ODT Drug Class: antiemetic Indication: prevention of nausea and vomiting usually caused by cancer treatment Controlled: no
Ondanastron Hydrochloride
A prescription is written for 480ml of a prescription for Zantac Solution. What would be the volume equivalent in household measurement?
One pint
Saxagliptin
Onglyza (Anti-diabetic)
How many times may a pharmacy transfer a controlled substance prescription of 30 tablets of Tylenol #3 with five refills indicated on the prescription?
Only once. The patient must have the remaining refills processed at the pharmacy to which the prescription was transferred.
What type of products must be isotonic?
Ophthalmic products must be isotonic, or else damage can occur to the eye.
A physician with a DEA number starting with "X" represents?
Opioid treating practitioner
one of the older natural drugs; found in the poppy plant -produces a feeling of euphoria and is therefore useful in treating pain -can also be used for cough suppression -common side effects are constipation and nausea/vomiting
Opioids
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: suppress ovulation by interfering with hormone production Indication: used to prevent pregnancy Side effects: - Examples: -ethinyl estradiol with levonorgestrel-ethinyl estradiol with norgestimate-ethinyl estradiol with norgestrel-ethinyl estradiol with drospirinone Special consideration: most are combination of estrogen and progesterone
Oral Contraceptives
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: improve response to insulin and glucose Indication: used to treat non-insulin dependent diabetes Side effects: - Examples: -glimepride-glipizide-glyburide-metformin-pioglitazone Special consideration: because they improve the response of the body to insulin, and type 1 diabetes do not produce insulin, these drugs are not indicated for type 1 diabetes; changing of diet and increasing exercise should also be included in therapy
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
a drug that is used to treat a disease that affects less than 200,000 patients
Orphan Drug
-provide tax incentives and expedited review and approval to manufacturers producing drugs for serious or life-threatening disease affected less than 200,000 patients
Orphan Drug Act of 1983
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: decrease bone density resulting from a deficiency in estrogen, calcium, and/ or vitamin D Examples: -bisophosphonates--OTC calcium--calcitonin-salmon nasal spray--raloxifene
Osteoporosis Agents
Which of the following is the classification for Vesicare?
Overactive Bladder
Brand Name: Trileptal Drug Class: antiepileptic--anticonvulsant Indication: treatment of seizures Controlled: no
Oxcarbazepine
Brand Name: Ditropan, Ditropan XL, Urotrol Drug Class: Urinary Antispasmodic Indication: treatment of overactive bladder and bladder instability Controlled: no
Oxybutynin Chloride
Brand Name: Perocet, Roxicet, Endocet, Tylox, Xolox, Primalev Drug Class: opioid analgesic Indication: relief of moderate to moderately severe pain Controlled: YES
Oxycodone Hydrochloride with Acetaminophen; C-2
Brand Name: Oxycontin, Roxicodone Drug Class: Opioid analgesic Indication: relief of moderate to moderately severe pain Controlled: YES
Oxycodone Hydrochloride; C-2
Oxycodone (C2)
Oxycontin (Pain Relief)
Nortriptyline
Pamelor (Antidepressant)
Brand Name: Protonix Drug Class: antinuclear agent--Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Indication: treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and there hypersecretory conditions Controlled: no
Pantoprazole Sodium
Brand Name: Paxil, Paxil CR, Pexeva Drug Class: antidepressant Indication: treatment of depression, can also be used for obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder Controlled: no
Paroxetine Hydrochloride
Olopatadine
Patanol (Antihistamine)
Which of the following documentation form requires that patient profile be maintained for every patient regardless of the pharmacy setting?
Patient profile
What information is needed on a patient's prescription?
Patient's name, name of the medication, and directions for use. Patient's ID number is not needed, but it's needed if medications orders filled in hospital.
Paroxetine
Paxil (Antidepressant)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: prevents bacteria from forming cell wall Indication: otitis media, strep throat, respiratory infections, gonorrhea, and syphilis Side effects: diarrhea (most common), allergy in approximately 10% of the population Examples: -amoxicillin-ampicillin
Penicillin
What drug is used to treat dyspepsia (ulcers)?
Pepcid
Famotidine
Pepcid (GERD)
Oxycodone/APAP (C2)
Percocet (Pain Relief)
Which of the following is not a type of formulary?
Perpetual is a term used for inventory that reflects exactly what is on hand at any particular time. Open formulary has no limitation; closed have a solid list of medication; restricted a hybrid of both.
essential for infection controls and to protect that technician from blood borne pathogens as well as exposure to hazardous chemicals. -gloves to protect the hands -masks and respirator to protect the respiratory tract as well as the nose and mouth -goggles to protect the eyes in the event of any splashing -face shields
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
weights used to calibration of class III prescription balance and for weighing ingredients -must be handled with forceps to avoid the transfer of any oils or dirt from the hands
Pharmaceutical Weights
What is the meaning of the acronym PTCB?
Pharmacy Technician Certification Board
What is the meaning of the acronym PTEC?
Pharmacy Technician Educators Council
Promethazine
Phenergan (Anti-histamine)
Which drug requires a follow-up "Cover" prescription when dispensed as a verbal order?
Phenobarbital
Brand Name: Adipex-P, Lonamin Drug Class: weight management Indication: used for weigh reduction Controlled: YES
Phentermine Hydrochloride; C-3
Brand Name: Dilantin, Phenytek Drug Class: antiepileptic--anticonvulsant Indication: control of seizures Controlled: no
Phenytoin Sodium (Extended)
when two or more drugs than are compatible are combined, a physical change occurs that can be detected, including cloudiness, temperature, or a color change
Physical Incompatibilities
Which reference material is a compilation of medication package inserts?
Physician Desk Reference
Define PDR
Physician's Desk Reference contains drug usage information and warnings, drug interactions, and colored photos of drugs.
Brand Name: Actos Drug Class: antidiabetic--oral hypoglycemic agent Indication: used as an adjunct in treatment of type II diabetes Controlled: no
Pioglitazone Hydrochloride
What is used to measure volumes less than 1.5 mL?
Pipette
Clopidogrel
Plavix (Anti-platelet)
Which law allows nasal inhalers to be dispensed without a child-resistant container?
Poison Control Act of 1970
prevent accidental childhood poisonings from both prescription and OTC Drugs
Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970
a manual with written instructions for the pharmacy staff (both technicians and pharmacists) on all operations within the pharmacy
Policies and Procedures Manual
Mineral: ? Chemical Symbol: K Use in the body: heart and nerve function, cellular balance
Potassium
Brand Name: K-Dur, Klor-Con, Micro-K, many others Drug Class: potassium supplement (oral) Indication: treatment and prevention of potassium deficiency (hypokalemia) Controlled: no
Potassium Chloride
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: block sodium and potassium exchange at the distal convoluted tubule, or competitively inhibit aldosterone Indication: used for adjunctive treatment of hypertension and edema Side effects:- Examples: -spironolactone-triamterene(can be given with hydrochlorothiazide) Special consideration: should be avoided in patient take ACE inhibitors (both have potassium-sparing effect and can cause hyperkalemia--excessive potassium in the blood
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Brand Name: Mirapex Drug Class: antiparkinson agent Indication: treatment of symptoms of Parkinson's disease Controlled: no
Pramipexole Dihydrochloride
Brand Name: Pravachol Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic--HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no
Pravastatin Calcium
Brand Name: Deltasone Drug Class: anti-inflammatory Indication: treatment of inflammatory conditions Controlled: no
Prednisone
Estrogen
Premarin (Menopause)
-prohibits the reimportation of a drug into the United States by means other than by the manufacturer -prohibits the sale of drug samples and the distribution of samples to anyone other than those who are licensed to prescribe them
Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987
Nitroglycerin may be stored in all of the listed except
Prescription bottles
Lansoprazole
Prevacid (GERD)
Omeprazole
Prilosec (G.E.R.D.)
Lisonopril
Prinivil (A.C.E. Inhibitor)
Lisinopril/HCTZ
Prinzide (Hypertension)
Desvenlafaxine
Pristiq (Antidepressant)
Albuterol
ProAir HFA (Asthma Inhaler)
Nifedipine
Procardia (Calcium Channel Blocker)
Brand Name: Compazine Drug Class: antipsychotic-typical Indication: treatment of schizophrenia; can also be used to control severe nausea, vomiting, and excessive anxiety Controlled: no
Prochlorperazine
Brand Name: Phenergan Drug Class: antihistamine Indication: treatment of seasonal allerigies, nausea and vomiting, and preoperative sedation Controlled: no
Promethazine HCl
Brand Name: Phenergan with codeine Drug Class: antitussive Indication: treatment of cough Controlled: YES
Promethazine Hydrochloride with Codeine Phosphate; C-5
Brand Name: Inderal, Inderal LA, Innopran XL Drug Class: antihypertensive--beta blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension (high BP) Controlled: no
Propanolol Hydrochloride
Finsasteride
Proscar (enlarged prostate)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: block the proton pump, which normally pumps acidic ions into the stomach--this reduces stomach acidity Indication: used for treatment of gatroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and heartburn; can also be used in ulcer therapy Side effects:- Examples: -esomaprazole-lansoprazole-omeprazole-pantoprazole Special consideration: must be taken on a daily basis for effectiveness
Proton Pump Inhibitor
Pantoprazole
Protonix (GERD)
Fluoxetine
Prozac (Antidepressant)
Pseudoephedrine is contraindicated to what disease state?
Pseudoephedrine is Sudafed and this is cannot be taken with hypertension or heart disease
a method for hand-filling capsules -the powder to be filled is placed on a surface, and the capsule is punched into the powder repeatedly until full
Punch Method
prohibit interstate transportation of misbranded and adulterated food and drugs
Pure Food and Drug Act 1906
Which urinary analgesic will turn urine orange?
Pyridium
Phenazopyridine
Pyridium (UTI)
All the following are classification list of hazardous waste based on ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity and toxicity except?
Q is not a list for hazardous waste. All other lists F, K, P and U are types of hazardous waste. P and U list may be found in a pharmacy.
Brand Name: Seroquel Drug Class: antipsychotic--atypical Indication: treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Controlled: no
Quetiapine Fumerate
Brand Name: Accupril Drug Class: antihypertensive--ACE Inhibitor Indication: treatment of high BP Controlled: no
Quinapril Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Evista Drug Class: osteoporosis agent Indication: treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women Controlled: no
Raloxifene Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Altace Drug Class: antihypertensive--ACE Inhibitor Indication: treatment of high BP Controlled: no
Ramipril
Brand Name: Zantac Drug Class: antinuclear agent--H2, receptor blocker Indication: treatment of gastoesophadeal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and other hypersecretory conditions. Controlled: no
Ranitidine Hydrochloride
Where should one place used syringes and needles?
Red plastic sharps container
What does water soluble mean?
Refers to vitamins, when taken in excessive they will not build up in the body and become toxic
Temperature degrees-Farehnheit: 36 to 46 Temperature degrees-Celcius: 2 to 8
Refrigerator
enrolling on a list created by the state board of pharmacy
Registration
Metoclopramide
Reglan (GERD)
Only one type of insulin can go into an IV bag. Which one?
Regular
What is the food and drug administration and modernization act?
Regulation/Reforms Food, Medical, and Cosmetic Products
When a patient has more than one insurance, what must be done to determine who shall provide the maximum coverage for the patient?
Reject claim
Nabumetone
Relafen (NSAID)
Mirtazapine
Remeron (Antidepressant)
Ropinirole
Requip ( Parkinson's)
Kaefauver-Harris Act
Requires al new drugs marketed in the united states to be proven safe and effective
Temazepam (C4)
Restoril (Sleep Aid)
Methotrexate
Rheumatrex (rheumatoid arthritis)
-defined by the USP chapter <797> -assigned according to the probability of contaminating a CSP
Risk Levels
Risperidone
Risperdal (Antipsychotic)
Brand Name: Risperdal Drug Class: antipsychotic Indication: treatment of schizophrenia; can also be used for bipolar treatment of irritability associate with autism Controlled: no
Risperidone
Methocarbamol
Robaxin (Muscle Relaxer)
Guaifenesin
Robitussin (Expectorant)
Temperature degrees-Farehnheit: 59 to 86 Temperature degrees-Celcius: 15 to 30
Room temperature
Brand Name: Requip, Requip XL Drug Class: antiparkinson agent Indication: treatment of signs and symptomss of Parkinson's disease as well as restless leg syndrome Controlled: no
Ropinirole Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Crestor Drug Class: Antihyperlipidemic--HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no
Rosuvastatin Calcium
what type of spatula should be used in measuring corrosive ingredients?
Rubber
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: draw water into the colon to promote bowel evacuation Indication: used for the treatment of constipation Side effects: - Examples: -lactulose-magnesium hydroxide milk-sodium phosphate Special consideration: patient must drink plenty of water to avoid further constipation
Saline Laxatives
What is the brand name for cyclosporine?
Sandimmune
Abuse Potential: has no accepted medical use in the United States (for research purposes only) Examples: -crack cocaine-ecstasy-heroin-LSD-marijuana
Schedule I Narcotics
Abuse Potential: has high potential for abuse Examples: Adderall-Demerol-Dilaudid-Oxycontin-Percocet-Ritalin Restriction: no refills-cannot be phoned in except for emergencies
Schedule II Narcotics
Abuse Potential: less potential for abuse than C-2 Examples: -Tylenol 3-anabolic steroids Restrictions: can only be refilled a maximum of 5 times within 6 months
Schedule III Narcotics
Abuse Potential: less abuse potential than C-2 and C-3 Examples: -benzodiazepines(Xanax, Valium, Ativan)-ambien-lunesta-soma Restrictions: can only be refilled a maximum of 5 times within 6 months
Schedule IV Narcotics
Abuse Potential: lowest possible abuse potential Examples:-lomotil-lyrica-cough syrups with codeine Restrictions: some states allow dispensing without a prescription (must be 18 and sign a log)
Schedule V Narcotics
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: block the reuptake of serotonin, which increases serotonin levels in the brain Indication: used to treat depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders Side effects: -citalopram-escitalopram-fluoxetine-paroxetine-sertraline Examples:- Special consideration: serotonin syndrome can occur if an SSRI is taken with another drug that increases serotonin levels in the brain-rare, but can be fatal
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
Quetiapine
Seroquel (Antipsychotic)
-setron
Serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist
alosetron; dolasetron; granisetron; ondansetron; palonosetron
Serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist
Brand Name: Zoloft Drug Class: antidepressant--Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no
Sertraline Hydrochloride
Which auxiliary label would be best placed on a suspension?
Shake well
a red container used to safely dispose of all items considered dangerous and sharp, such as: needles, syringes, and broken glass
Sharp's container
When doing controlled inventory, is the count exact or approximate amounts?
Should be exact on CII- CV
directions to the patient. Ex: take 1 tablet by mouth daily
Signa aka Sig
The most used drug for parkinsonism is
Sinemet
Most common drug used in Parkinson's disease:
Sinemet ( Carbidopa/levidopa )
Montelukast
Singulair (Asthma)
Brand Name: Januvia Drug Class: antidiabetic Indication: treatment of type 2 diabetes Controlled: no
Sitagliptin Phosphate
a CSP given usually as an IVPB over a short period of time -less than 250 mL (usually 150,100, 50, 25 mL) -examples: antibiotics, antifungals, antiviral medications
Small Volume Parenteral
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: smoking can increase risk of cancer, COPD, heart disease, and stroke Indication: - Side effects:- Examples: -bupropion-nicotine-varenicline Special consideration: -
Smoking Cessation agents
Mineral: ? Chemical Symbol: Na Use in the body: nerve and muscle function, cellular balance
Sodium
NaHCO3
Sodium bicarbonate
Brand Name: Vesicare Drug Class: urinary antispasmodic Indication: treatment of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence Controlled: no
Solifenancin Succinate
Carisoprodol (C4)
Soma (Muscle Relaxer)
The FDA manages certain programs which place drugs in a restricted status because of their adverse effects. Which of the following drugs is part of this program?
Sotret (isotretinoin) is under a special program called iPledge because of the severe adverse effects such as birth defects.
combining substances using a spatula
Spatulation
provides protection in the event of a spill, in such cases as chemotherapy (cytotoxic drugs), certain antibiotics, and some radiopharmaceuticals
Spill Kit
Tiotropium
Spiriva (COPD)
Brand Name: Aldactone Drug Class: diuretic--potassium sparing Indication: treatment of edema and hypertension Controlled: no
Spironolactone
What is the generic name for Aldactone?
Spironolactone
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: depression
St. John's Wort
What is the brand name for butorphanol tartate?
Stadol
oversees the practice of pharmacy in each state; defines all roles and duties of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians; can discipline when necessary
State Boards of Pharmacy (BOP)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: stimulate the gut through irritation of the lining, which increases contractions and bowel movements Indication: used for the treatment of constipation Side effects: - Examples: -bisacodyl-senna Special consideration: be careful of overuse-can cause the bowel to become dependent on laxative use
Stimulant Laxatives
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: allow fluid to mix into the bowel and stool, which creates a softer and easier-to-pass stool Indication: used for the treatment of constipation Side effects: - Examples: docusate Special consideration: -
Stool Softners
What is Diastix?
Strips that are to be held in the urine stream to measure ketones and glucose levels. ( for diabetic patients )
Buprenorphine with Naloxone (C3)
Suboxone (Opiate Addiction)
Brand Name: Carafate Drug Class: antiulcer Indication: treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and prevention and treatment of ulcers Controlled: no
Sucralfate
Brand Name: Bactrim, Septra, SMZ-TMP DS Drug Class: antibacterial--sulfonamide Indication: used for the treatment of urinary tract infections and other bacterial infections Controlled: no
Sulfamethoxazole with Trimethoprim
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: disrupts the pathway for producing folic acid in bacteria Indication: UTIs, otitis media Side effects: rash, photosensitivity Examples: -sulfasalazine-sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim Special consideration: can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a potentially fatal reaction marked by large red blotches of the skin; should take with plenty of water to avoid crystallization in urine
Sulfonamides
Mineral: ? Chemical Symbol: S Use in the body: energy production and cellular functions
Sulfur
Brand Name: Imitrex Drug Class: antimigraneous agent Indication: treatment of migraine headaches Controlled: no
Sumatriptan Succinate
Budesonide/Formoterol
Symbicort (Asthma/COPD)
Levothyroxine
Synthroid (thyroid hormone)
used in the preparation of a CSP to withdraw or inject solutions
Syringe
Which of the following is an incorrect match for the ISMP tall man lettering?
Tall man lettering help distinguish similar drugs making them less prone to mix-ups. This draws attention to the dissimilarities in their names.
Oseltamivir
Tamiflu ( Antiviral Flu)
Brand Name: Flomax Drug Class: alpha blocker for benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) treatment Indication: treatment of enlarged prostate Controlled: no
Tamsulosin Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Micardis Drug Class: antihypertensive--angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) Indication: Treatment of hypertension Controlled: no
Telmisartan
Brand Name: Restroril Drug Class: sedative Indication: treatment of insomnia Controlled: YES
Temazepam; C-4
Atenolol
Tenormin (Betablocker)
Brand Name: Hytrin Drug Class: antihypertensive/Prostate--anti-inflammatory (aplha adrenergic blocker) Indication: treatment of high BP and benign prostatic hyperplasia Controlled: no
Terazosin Hydrochloride
Benzonatate
Tessalon (Antitussive (cough)
Which of the following hormone stimulates bone and muscle growth in men?
Testosterone
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria Indication: acne, chronic bronchitis, walking pneumonia, Lyme disease Side effects: rash, photosensitivity Examples: -doxycycline hyclate-tetracycline-minocycline Special consideration: antacids interfere with absorption and will render medication ineffective when taken concurrently; should not be given to children or pregnant women; taking expired of this can cause a fatal renal disease
Tetracyclines
drug given to pregnant mothers for morning sickness in the late 1950s and early 1960s -babies were born with severe birth defects, and the Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962 was passed in response to this tragedy
Thalidomide
Which of the following organization does not track medication errors?
The Board of Pharmacy
Which of the following programs contain information on adverse events that have been reported to the FDA?
The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System FAERS
Who is responsible for drug recalls?
The FDA determines the health hazard potential of the product and assigns a drug recall
Which of the following is a 11-digit sequence of numbers assigned to a medication?
The National Drug Code
Which of the following organization regulates pharmacies and other entities that manufacture or distribute medication?
The State Board ensures pharmacists and technicians meet certain standard for licensure as well as regulates pharmacies.
Which of the following represents the cost the pharmacy paid for the medication?
The actual acquisition cost is what the pharmacy paid for the medication. AAC.
What is mupirocin?
The brand name is Bactroban and is an antiseptic cream or ointment for the skin.
When entering the information into the computer, which code would be used for the spouse?
The code 02 is used to show the relationship to the cardholder as the spouse. 03 is used for dependent; 00 or 01 can be used for the cardholder.
What are bevel, hilt, lumen, and shaft?
The lumen is the opening of a needle. The bevel is the angled tip of the needle where the lumen is found. The hilt of the needle attaches to the hub of the barrel of the syringe. The shaft is the length of the needle.
Which of the following methods should be used in recapping a needle if necessary?
The one hand scoop method is used is needle needs recapping
What is Prime Vendor Purchasing?
The pharmacy enters into agreement that they will purchase 80-95% of its pharmaceuticals from a single wholesaler.
Which method is used to prepare capsules?
The punch method is used to prepare capsules by punching the open end into dry powder until filled. Wet, Dry and Beaker methods are used to prepare emulsions.
A daily log should be kept for medications stored in the refrigerator that must maintain a temperature of?
The refrigerator temperature ranges from 2 to 8 degrees C.
Which part of the prescription gives additional information to the pharmacist?
The subscription informs the pharmacist of how to compound a prescription. Superscription is the Rx symbol; the inscription gives name of medication and its quantity.
Brand Name: Theo-Dur, Theo-24, Elixophyllin Drug Class: bronchodilator Indication: treatment of the symptoms of asthma and chronic bronchitis Controlled: no
Theophylline Anhydrous
when two or more drugs are combined that are not compatible, it causes a change in the effectiveness of one or more of the drugs when administered
Therapeutic Incompatibilities
when two drugs can be substituted and have the same affect both clinically and in safety profiles; they must be the same dosage form, strength, route of administration, and contain the same active ingredient
Therapeutic equivalence
also know as TE codes; coding process the FDA uses to determine whether a product is therapeutically equivalent. -a drug is given a rating of A if the FDA can demonstrate through studies that it is therapeutically equivalent -a drug is given a rating of B if it is not therapeutically equivalent
Therapeutic equivalency codes
PRN refills on CIII , CIV , and CV mean what?
They are refillable to a maximum of 5 refills or 6 months
What is an antagonist?
They block the action of an agonist getting to the receptor to elicit a response, therefore no response is made
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: Inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, which promotes water excretion Indication: used for the treatment of hypertension, edema, and congestive heart failure Side effects: - Examples: hydrochlorothiazide Special consideration: may cause hypokalemia (low potassium)
Thiazide Diuretics
Which of the following is not an organ in the lymphatic system?
Thyroid
Brand Name: Armour Thyroid Drug Class: thyroid hormone Indication: treatment of hypothyroidism Controlled: no
Thyroid, dessicated
Which type of container protects the content from contamination?
Tight container protect content from contamination by liquids, solids or vapors.
Brand Name: Spiriva Drug Class: Antiasthmatic (inhalation) Indication: treatment of COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema Controlled: no
Tiotropium Bromide
Brand Name: Zanaflex Drug Class: muscle relaxant Indication: management of muscle spasticity Controlled: no
Tizanidine Hydrochloride
The use for syrup of ipecac is:
To induce vomiting in case of an overdose of medication or poison
Brand Name: Detrol, Detrol LA Drug Class: urinary atispasmodic Indication: treatment of overactive bladder and urinary urgency and urge incontinence Controlled: no
Tolterodine Tartrate
how the cells in our body respond to surrounding fluid; three classifications--hyperotonic, hypotonic, and isotonic
Tonicity
Topiramate
Topamax (Anti-epileptic)
Brand Name: Topamax Drug Class: antiepileptic, anticonvulsant Indication: treatment of seizure, also used for prophylaxis of migraine Controlled: no
Topiramate
an IV solution that provides nutrients for patients who are unable to eat or cannot get the nutrition they need through eating orally. Composed of: -sterile water -dextrose -amino acids -lipids -electrolytes and other additives -medications that a patient may need
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Brand Name: Ultram, Ryzolt, Ultram ER Drug Class: analgesic Indication: management of moderate to moderately severe pain Controlled: YES
Tramadol Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Ultracet Drug Class: analgesic--combination product Indication: management of acute pain Controlled: yes
Tramadol Hydrochloride with Acetaminophen; C-4
Travoprost
Travatan (Ocular Hypertension)
Brand Name: Travatan, Travatan Z Drug Class: glaucoma agent Indication: reduction of intraocular pressure in glaucoma Controlled: no
Travoprost
Brand Name: Kenalog, Cinolar, Trianex, Triderm Drug Class: corticosteroid (topical) Indication: relief of inflammatory and pruritic symptoms Controlled: no
Triamcinolone Acetonide
Brand Name: Diazide, Maxzide Drug Class: diuretic; combination--potassium sparing and thiazide Indication: treatment of edema and hypertension Controlled: no
Triamterene with Hydrochlorothiazide
Fenofibrate
Tricor (Cholesterol)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: blocks the reuptake of serotonin or norepinephrine Indication: used to treat depression and bedwetting in children Side effects:- Examples: -amitriptyline-doxepin-imipramine Special consideration: has even longer delay of onset--results may not show for weeks; anticholinergic side effects= urinary retention, dry mouth, constipation, cardiotoxic in higher doses and must be monitored
Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)
Drug Class: ? Description of condition: disease of the respiratory tract cause by a bacteria; patients have a long drug therapy consisting of many medications, which leads to poor compliance. Indication: used for treatment of tuberculosis Side effects: - Examples: -isoniazid-rifampin-ethambutol Special consideration: -patients should avoid alcohol with all drugs-rifampin causes discoloration of urine, tears, sweat and any body fluid--turns all fluids a reddish orange
Tuberculosis Agents
Codeine/APAP (C3)
Tylenol #2 (Pain Relief)
Which type of Laminar Flood Hood uses recycled air within the hood?
Type B3 uses recycled air with the hood.
chapter of USP dedicated to non sterile compounding
USP Chapter <795>
chapter of USP dedicated to sterile compounding and requirements to help eliminate contamination of compounded sterile products (CSPs)
USP Chapter <797>
Which reference book is a compendium of monographs setting official national standars for drug substances, dosage forms, and standars for pharmaceutical ingredients?
USP-NF
Budesonide
Uceris (Ulcerative Colitis)
Febuxostat
Uloric (Gout)
Tramadol (C4)
Ultram (Pain Relief)
A beyond use date would be found on which type of label?
Unit dose label
sets official standards for all prescription and OTC drugs manufactured and sold in the United States; sets standards based on quality, purity, strength, and consistency of product
United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
Which of the following would be a solution to a patient identifiers error caused by nurses?
Use bar coding to identify the patient and medication was correct.
Brand Name: Valtrex Drug Class: antiviral Indication: treatment of genital herpes, herpes zoster (shingles), and cold sores (herpes labialis) Controlled: no
Valacyclovir Hydrochloride
Brand Name: Diovan Drug Class: antihypertensive--Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) Indication: treatment of hypertension Controlled: no
Valsartan
Brand Name: Diovan-HCT Drug Class: antihypertensive (combination of ARB and diuretic) Indication: treatment of hypertension Controlled: no
Valsartan with Hydrochloride
Valacyclovir
Valtrex (Herpes Management)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: inhibits cell wall synthesis Indication: life-threatening infections, such as MRSA, Clostridium difficile (C. Diff), or endocarditis Side effects: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity Examples: - Special consideration: doses are adjusted on a patient-specific basic and measured daily to ensure no toxicity is occurring (trough and peak measuring); if infused too quickly, patient will flush--known as red man syndrome
Vancomycin
Brand Name: Chantix Drug Class: smoking cessation agent Indication: to aid in the cessation of smoking Controlled: no
Varenicline Tartrate
Enalapril
Vasotec (ACE INHIBITOR)
Brand Name: Effexor Drug Class: antidepressant Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
Which drug is a calcium channel blocker?
Verapamil
Brand Name: Calan, Isoptin, Verelen Drug Class: antihypertensive--calcium channel blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension and angina Controlled: no
Verapamil Hydrochloride
Verapamil
Verelan (Calcium Channel Blocker)
a hood used to prepare the CSPs that are hazardous (e.g. chemotherapy) -air flows down through the HEPA filter and is forced upward and vented outside -technicians should wear eye protection and use double gloves for these preparations
Vertical Laminar Airflow Workbench
Solifenacin
Vesicare (Overactive Bladder)
Sildenafil
Viagra (Impotence)
a container that is sealed containing medication either in liquid or powder form
Vial
Hydrocode/APAP (C2)
Vicodin (pain relief)
Liraglutide
Victoza (Anti-diabetic)
essential organic compounds required y an organism in a limited amount for necessary functions
Vitamin
retinol; bone health and growth, eyes (retina function), and reproduction
Vitamin A
If a patient is deficient in cyanocobalamine, what should the patient take?
Vitamin B-12
thiamine; important for energy production and heart and muscle function
Vitamin B1
cyanocobalamin; important for red blood cell production
Vitamin B12
Riboflavin; important for energy production and hair, skin, and nails
Vitamin B2
nicotine acid; involved in fat synthesis and protein metabolism, also called niacin
Vitamin B3
pantothenic acid; important for energy and normal growth
Vitamin B5
pyridoxine; helps in metabolism and red blood cells production
Vitamin B6
biotin; necessary for cell growth, may strengthen nails
Vitamin B7
folic acid; essential for healthy fetal development in pregnant women
Vitamin B9
ascorbic acid; helps in the immune process and promotes healing
Vitamin C
Ergocalciferol; bone health
Vitamin D
Tocopherol; antioxidant and enhances immune response
Vitamin E
Phytonadione; blood clotting
Vitamin K
Diclofenac
Voltaren (NSAID Gel)
Ezetimibe/Simvastatin
Vytorin (Cholesterol)
Lisdexamfetamine (C2)
Vyvanse (ADHD)
Brand Name: Coumadin, Jantoven Drug Class: anticoagulant Indication: prevention of blood clots Controlled: no
Warfarin Sodium
Temperature degrees-Farehnheit: 86 to 104 Temperature degrees-Celcius: 30 to 40
Warmer
In which section of the drug monograph would you find an abbreviated summary of the most clinically adverse reactions?
Warning and precaution
eliminated by the kidneys, so overdosing is less likely to be as dangerous as a fat-soluble overdose--Vitamin B complex and C
Water soluble
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: used for the treatment of obesity Indication: - Side effects: - Examples: -orlistat-phentermine-siburtramine Special consideration: some are stimulants and controlled substances
Weight-loss medications
All the following are reasons why covered entities may disclose protected health information (PHI) to law enforcement officials except?
When the covered entity believes that individuals may have contracted a communicable disease when notification is authorized by law
Define a wrong dosage form error?
When the dose formulation given to the patient is not the accepted interpretation of the physicians orders
The most accurate way to measure a liquid?
With a graduated cylinder reading the bottom of the meniscus at eye level on a level surface.
Latanoprost
Xalatan (Glaucoma)
Alprazolam (C4)
Xanax (Anti-anxiety)
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: relax airway smooth muscle, leading to opening of airways and increased air movement Indication: used for treatment of lung diseases unresponsive to other treatments Side effects: - Examples: -aminophylline-theophylline Special consideration: theophylline has many interactions and used only if asthma or other lung disease is unresponsive to other treatments
Xanthine Derivatives
Rivaroxaban
Xarelto (Blood Thinner)
Levalbuterol
Xopenex (Bronchodilator)
Is contact lense fluid poisonous or dangerous to kids? Is there a label saying so?
Yes/No
Tizanidine
Zanaflex (Muscle Relaxer)
Ranitidine
Zantac (GERD)
Ezetimibe
Zetia (Cholesterol)
Mineral: ? Chemical Symbol: Zn Use in the body: immunity
Zinc
Brand Name: Geodon Drug Class: antipsychotic Indication: treatment of schizophrenia Controlled: no
Ziprasidone Hydrochloride
Azithromycin
Zithromax (Antibiotic)
Ondansetron
Zofran (Antiemetic)
Serteraline
Zoloft (Antidepressant)
What is the generic for Ambien?
Zolpidem
Brand Name: Ambien, Ambien CR Drug Class: sedative, hypnotic Indication: treatment of insomnia Controlled: YES
Zolpidem Tartrate; C-4
Brand Name: Zonegran Drug Class: anticonvulsant Indication: used as an adjunct in the treatment of seizures Controlled: no
Zonisamide
Acyclovir
Zovirax (Herpes Management)
The drug most used for an acute gout attack is
Zyloprim
Allopurinol
Zyloprim (Anti-gout)
Olanzapine
Zyprexa (Antipsychotic)
Cetirizine
Zyrtec (Allergies)
Define Ethical Dillemmas.
a difficult moral problem involving two or more mutually exclusive and morally qual courses of action.
Define Electronic Balance
a digital weighing balance scale that varies based on purpose. used to weigh bulk item greater than 1g.
Define Counter Balance
a double pan balance capable of weighing relatively large quantities; they have a sensitivity of 100mg and a weight limit of about 5kg.
Define placebo
a pill,medicine, or procedure prescribed more for the psychological benefit to the patient than for any physiological effect.
Define MedWatch
a program that allows health professionals,manufacturers, and the public to report serious reactions and problems related to FDA regulated medical products.
mneumonic is
a shortened term used to facilitate data entry
Define parenteral as it applies to pharmacy.
a sterile pyrogen free injectable medication into a vein,muscle,subcutaneous tissue,artery, or spinal column.
Define Virus
a submicroscopic agent of infectious disease that is capable of reproduction. HAS TO HAVE A HOST.
Dosage Forms
a system or device designed to deliver a drug or other medicinal agent to the biological system at the site of absorption or the site of therapeutic action. ex- capsules,patches,inj
What dosage forms has the highest concentration of alcohol in its formulation?
a tincture
Work done with antineoplastic drugs is done in
a vertical laminar flow hood. (also called: Biological Safety Cabinet)
How does activated charcoal work in an overdose?
absorbs the poison
What is the term for the process by which substances are taken up and transported to the bloodstream?
absorption
the process of a drug entering the bloodstream
absorption
accept a verbal medication order from a physician
accept a verbal medication order from a physician
APAP
acetaminophen
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: attach to acetaminophen and detoxifies the metabolite Indication: antidote for acetaminophen overdose Side effects: - Examples: - Special consideration: can also be used for some bronchial diseases
acetylcysteine
another name for aspirin is
acetylsalicylic acid
Prescription Drug Marketing Act
act designed to increase safe guards to prevent the introduction of counterfeit, ineffective, or substandard drugs in the US
Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement & Modernization Act
act gives all people that receive medicare benefits the option for prescription drug coverage under the Medicare part D plan
What is the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act?
act gives all people that receive medicare benefits the option for prescription drug coverage under the Medicare part D plan
the part of the drug that alters the body to produce the desired effect
active ingredient
determining whether or not a drug will be covered under the insurance plan; once a prescription has been entered, it will undergo adjudication by the insurance company to determine coverage
adjudication
a type of medication order written by a physician if a patient should be admitted into the hospital; this order is sometimes written when a patient has visited the emergency room and, after a physician's assessment, it is decided he or she should be admitted into the facility.
admission order
clark's rule
adult dose x (weight/150) = childs dose
p
after
p.c.
after meals
Which procedure would you not do when opening an ampule?
after wiping with an alcohol pad, dry the neck with a paper towel
hypersensitivity of the immune system that may begin immediately after taking a medication or take weeks to show symptoms
allergies
What may grapeseed be used treat?
allergies, circulation problems, asthma; as an antioxidant
-zosin
alpha blocker (treats blood pressure)
Brand Name: Xanax, Xanax XR Drug Class: antianxiety--benzodiazepine Indication: treatment of anxiety and panic disorders Controlled: YES
alprazolam; C-4
Brand Name: Norvasc Drug Class: antihypertensive--calcium channel blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension, can also be used for treatment of angina Controlled: no
amlodipine besylate
amt
amount
What is the meaning of the abbreviation "amp"?
ampule
amp
ampule
Define pyrogen
an agent that causes a rise in temperature; produced by bacteria, molds, viruses, and yeast
What is a PPI?
an informational leaflet written for the lay public describing the benefits and risks of a prescribed medication
synthetic testosterone abused by athletes and regulated under the Anabolic Steroid Control Act; classified as a schedule III narcotic
anabolic steroid
-olone 2
anabolic steroid (testerone)
nandrolone; oxandrolone; oxymetholone
anabolic steroid (testerone)
What is the function of nabumetone?
anagelsic
What is the function of hydrocodone with acetaminophen?
analgesic
What is the function of propoxyphene napsylate with acteaminophen?
analgesic
drugs that relieve pain; can be non-narcotic or narcotics (derived from opioid)
analgesics
what more severe allergies can result in; leads to swelling of the airways and difficulty breathing; can lead to death if not immediately treated
anaphylaxis
when two drugs are taken together, and one drug negates the effect of the other drug
antagonism
-dazole
anthelmintic; antibiotic; antibacterial
albendazole; mebendazole; metronidazole; tinidazole
anthelmintic; antibiotic; antibacterial
medication that decreases inflammation
anti-inflammatory
Define Antibiotic
antibacterial agents used to eliminate bacterial infections
-sulfa-
antibiotic; anti-infective; anti-inflammatory
sulfacetamide; sulfadiazine; sulfamethoxazole; sulfasalazine
antibiotic; anti-infective; anti-inflammatory
-mycin
antibiotics
azithromycin; clarithromycin; clindamycin; erythromycin
antibiotics
drugs used to kill or inhibit growth of certain types of bacteria. -bacteriostatic -bactericidal
antibiotics
Heparin belongs to which pharmacological category?
anticoagulant
-parin/-parin
anticoagulant (blood thinner)
dalteparin; enoxaparin; fondaparinux; heparin; tinzaparin
anticoagulant (blood thinner)
-zodone
antidepressant
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: depression is characterized by feelings of intense sadness, problems eating and sleeping, lack of self-worth, and pessimistic behavior, and thoughts Indication: used to treat depression Classes of antidepressants: -selective serotonin repute inhibitors (SSRIs)-serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)-monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)-tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Special consideration: have a delay of onset (usually 10-21 days) as the patient's neurotransmitters are modified from the medication, so these drugs should never be taken on "as needed" basis; a medication guide must always be dispensed with all antidepressants
antidepressants
pioglitazone; rosiglitazone; troglitazone antidiabetic; thiazolidi
antidiabetic
-glitazone
antidiabetic;
saxagliptin; sitagliptin; linagliptin
antidiabetic;
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: decrease bowel motility and act as a water adsorbent Indication: used for symptomatic relief of diarrhea Side effects: - Examples: -diphenoxylate with atropine-loperamide-bismuth subsalicylate Special consideration: diarrhea can lead to dehydration and should be monitored
antidiarrheals
-setron 2
antiemetic (nausea and vomiting)
dolasetron; granisetron; ondansetron; palonosetron
antiemetic (nausea and vomiting)
-tadine
antihistamine
cyproheptadine; desloratadine; loratadine; olopatadine
antihistamine
-iramine
antihistamine (relieve allergy symptoms)
brompheniramine; chlorpheniramine; pheniramine
antihistamine (relieve allergy symptoms)
-triptan
antimigraine; selective 5-HT receptor agonist
almotriptan; eletriptan; rizatriptan; sumatriptan; zolmitriptan
antimigraine; selective 5-HT receptor agonist
-mustine
antineoplastic (cancer)
carmustine; estramustine; lomustine; bendamustine
antineoplastic (cancer)
medication that lowers a fever
antipyretics
What drug classification is associated with "-vudine"?
antiviral
What drug classification is associated with "vir"?
antiviral
-vir/-vir
antiviral; (anti-HIV, anti-hepatitis, anti-herpes, anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV), anti-flu)
cidofovir; ganciclovir; valganciclovir
antiviral; anti-CMV
abacavir; efavirenz; enfuvirtide; nevirapine; ritonavir; tenofovir
antiviral; anti-herpes
acyclovir; famciclovir; penciclovir; valacyclovir
antiviral; anti-herpes
adefovir; entecavir; ribavirin (along with interferon)
antiviral; anti-herpes
amantadine; rimantadine
antiviral; anti-influenza-A
-vudine
antiviral; nucleoside analogues
lamivudine; stavudine; telbivudine; zidovudine
antiviral; nucleoside analogues
aq
aqueous (water)
ad. lib.
as desired
u.d.
as directed
prn
as needed
How many times can an unscheduled prescription be refilled on a PRN prescription order?
as needed for one year
ASA
aspirin
hs
at bedtime
HS stands for what?
at bedtime ( hour of sleep )
pm
at night/nocturnal
What is the generic name for Tenormin?
atenolol
Brand Name: Lipitor Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic--HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no
atorvastatic calcium
What is the indication for atomoxetine?
attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
-ridone
atypical antipsychotic
iloperidone; paliperidone; risperidone
atypical antipsychotic
a secure storage device that contains medications used by specific patient care units; access is limited to authorized individuals who has patient order that need to be filled
automated dispensing cabinets
bright, colorful label placed o a bottle label to provide information in addiction with what is on the bottle label; alerts patients to specific information to which careful attention should be paid
auxiliary label
an antibiotic that kills bacteria
bactericidal
an antibiotic that inhibits growth of bacteria
bacteriostatic
Define Class A Balance
balance scale that has a sensitive balance range of 6mg with a maximum capacity of 120g.
-bital
barbiturate (sedative)
butabarbital; butalbital; phenobarbital; secobarbital
barbiturate (sedative)
a
before
ante
before
ac
before meals
-olol
beta blocker (reduce your blood pressure)
atenolol; metoprolol; nadolol; pindolol; propranolol; timolol
beta blocker (reduce your blood pressure)
a unique 6-digit number identifying each third party to determine where the electronic claim should be sent
biller identification number (BIN)
a warning communicated to medical personnel through product package inserts that alerts physicians to serious adverse reaction potential of specific medications
black box warning
BW
body weight
Define Red Book
book the contains information pertaining to drug costs and pricing.
a.u.
both ears
o.u.
both eyes
antibiotics that are effective against a wide variety of bacteria, and effectiveness is not limited to one specific type of bacteria (gram positive or gram negative)
broad spectrum
What may fennel be used to treat?
bronchitis, acute cough
What may licorice be used to treat?
bronchitis, acute cough, gastritis
-phylline
bronchodilators asthma or colds
aminophylline; dyphylline; oxtriphylline; theophylline
bronchodilators asthma or colds
a method of drug delivery in which a medication is placed into the cheek pouch and absorbed through the blood vessels of the cheek
buccal
Which drug is a loop diuretic?
bumex
What is the generic name for Wellbutrin SR?
bupropion
p.o.
by mouth
Ca
calcium
-dipine
calcium channel blocker (high blood pressure, heart disease)
amlodipine; felodipine; nifedipine; nimodipine; nisoldipine
calcium channel blocker (high blood pressure, heart disease)
a solid tablet dosage form shaped like a capsule; can assist in easier swallowing of large tablets
caplet
What is the meaning of the abbreviation "cap"?
capsule
a container, usually made of gelatin, that contains a medication to be dissolved in the GI tract; easier to swallow than a tablet and generally has a slightly faster onset of action
capsule
cap
capsule
-lamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (glaucoma/seizure)
acetazolamide; brinzolamide; dorzolamide; methazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (glaucoma/seizure)
What is the indication for digoxin?
cardiac arrhythmia
cefaclor; cefdinir; cefixime; cefprozil; cephalexin
cephalosporin antibiotic (bacterial infections)
-cef-/ceph-
cephalosporin antibiotic (bacterial infections0
What is the generic for Zyrtec?
cetirizine
health benefits program that helps pay medical expenses for the families of veterans who have been disable because of injuries related to military experience
champva
a tablet that is to be chewed and swallowed; not swallowed whole; ideal for children and patients who have difficulty swallowing tablets; has a faster onset of action than regular tablets
chewable tablet
Cl
chloride
-statin
cholesterol lowering agent
atorvastatin; lovastatin; pitavastatin; pravastatin; rosuvastatin; simvastatin
cholesterol lowering agent
What is the generic name for Celexa?
citalopram
What type of prescription balance must be used for compounding 120 mgs of a 1% topical antifungal cream?
class A
A vial of reconstituted Adriamycin breaks inside a vertical flow hood. What should the technician do?
clean up the spill with a spill kit
What is the generic name for Plavix?
clopidogrel
Brand Name: Plavix Drug Class: platelet inhibitor Indication: prevention of blood clots Controlled: no
clopidogrel bisulfate
the fee a patient pays at the time of service
co-payment
a fee a patients pays for services rendered based on a percentage of the cost. Example: if the plan pays 80% and the patient pays 20% of the cost of the services, and the prescription costs $100, then the patient's responsibility will be $20, and the insurance will pay $80.
coinsurance
The largest amount of energy in an IV bag is:
comes from FATS
the electronic entry to instructions from practitioners in a hospital for patient orders. -can include order for lab tests, pharmacy, physical therapy, and other hospital units -gives other caregivers immediate access to patient orders and records -helps improve workflow and compliance with documentation of patient issues
computer physician order entry (CPOE)
What is the generic name for Premarin?
conjugated estrogens
What may senna be used to treat?
constipation
a type of extended-release formulation that delivers that drug at a certain rate for a specific period of time
controlled release (CR)
DEA electronic version of form 222 for ordering of controlled substances -pharmacies do not have to complete corresponding 222 paperwork for ordering
controlled substance ordering system (CSOS)
What is the indication for pregablin?
convulsions
when a patient has multiple insurance providers, one provider must be selected as the primary insurance and billed first. If there are unpaid claims that remain, the second insurance company can be billed, but only if there are charges remaining. This prevents duplication of reimbursement and payment.
coordination of benefits
Mineral: ? Chemical Symbol: Cu Use in the body: blood formation
copper
Describe the duties of a pharmacist
counsel patients, utilization reviews,verbal orders, speak to prescribers
a device used to count tablets, capsules, or other solid oral medications and transfer these dosage forms from the stock bottle to the patient's medication bottle
counting trays
cr
cream
topical dosage form that contains more water than oil; an oil-in-water preparation; hydrocortisone cream for itching
cream
DOB
date of birth
the amount that must be paid each year out of pocket before benefits will kick in
deductible
tablets that are specially coated and designed to delay absorption and dissolving until after the drugs has bypassed the stomach
delayed release (DR)
a person on a member's plan who is also covered by the insurance policy--an example could be a spouse or child
dependent
What is the indication for nefazodone?
depression
What is a chemical name?
describes structure of drug
DEA form #41 is for _____. All 3 copies of form #41 are submitted to respective DEA offices.
destroying CII's
Adderall XR
dextroamphetamine
What is the active ingredient found in Delsym?
dextromethorphan
D5/0.33
dextrose 5% in 0.33% sodium chloride
D5/0.45,D5 1/2 NS
dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride
D5/0.9,05NS
dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride
D5W
dextrose 5% in water
What is the meaning of abbreviation D5W?
dextrose 5% water
What is the indication for glimepiride?
diabetes
What is the indication for pramlintide?
diabetes
What is the indication for rosiglitazone?
diabetes
diag
diagnosis
dx
diagnosis
What is the indication for diphenoxylate and atropine?
diarrhea
What may dill be used to treat?
digestive disorders
All of the following belong to the class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors except
digoxin
What is the generic name for Lanoxin?
digoxin
dil
dilute
a medication order that gives instructions for a patient who is being discharged from the hospital; it should include all at-home information and prescription instructions for the patient until follow-up with a primary care physician can occur.
discharge order
d/c
discontinue
disp
dispense
DAW
dispense as written
a part of the prescription that when checked indicates that the generic of a drug must not be dispensed; brand name is required.
dispense as written (DAW)
the process of a drug moving from the blood into the tissues and cells to elicit the action of the drug
distribution
Which of the following report is used to account for significant theft or loss of a controlled substance?
diversion reports are used to track significant theft or loss of controlled substance.
div
divide
NR
do not repeat, no refills
non rep
do not repeat, no refills
PharmD
doctor of pharmacy
the physical form the drug is dispensed as. Examples: -tablet, -capsule -liquid
dosage form
The exact amount of a drug administered to get a specific response is the
dose
DS
double strength
gtt
drop
a substance that alters the body in a specific way and is used in the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of a disease, Can be: -therapeutic -prophylactic
drug
when a drug interacts with another substance when taken concurrently
drug interaction
an evaluation is required by OBRA to determine whether a medication is safe for the patient based on selected criteria and cost-effective measures
drug utilization review
an effect a drug has on the disease state or pathological condition of a patient; can be either a positive or negative effect
drug-disease interaction
the interaction of two drugs when taken together that differs in the response that would occur if each were taken alone; can usually be classified as one of the following type of interaction; -synergy -antagonism
drug-drug interaction
when the effect of a drug is altered due to the consumption of a particular food or drink; this could prevent the drug from working, enhance of decrease side effects, or cause the development of a new side effect
drug-food interaction
Which of the following is a potential side effect of ACE inhibitors?
dry cough
any medical equipment used to aid patients in achieving a better lifestyle. Examples: -cane -walker- -wheelchair -hospital bed -insulin supplies -nebulizer
durable medical equipment (DME)
direct transmission of prescriptions from physicians to the pharmacy; helps minimize errors due to illegibility in handwriting, and helps reduce the potential for forged prescriptions form drug-seeking patients
e-prescribing
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: colds
echinacea
electronic documentation of administration of medications rather than a nurse or caregiver documenting on a paper chart; the patient's chart is electronic, and the system is paperless -helps minimize medication errors by eliminating handwriting illegibility -helps minimize dosing problems and patient error by utilizing barcoding technology
electronic medication administration record (EMAR)
a liquid dosage form that is sweetened and usually contains alcohol
elixir
elix
elixir
a mixture of two substances that normally would not mix together; mist be shaken well prior to use
emulsion
a solution that is administered rectally for bowel cleansing and evacuation; given prior to a procedure or for a specific treatment
enema
What is the generic name for Lovenex?
enoxapan
a tablet that is specially cared to aid in swallowing and to bypass the stomach so that it will not dissolve until it reaches the small intestine; designed for medications that may be harsh on the stomach (Aspirin)
enteric coating (EC)
Which dosage form is formulated to dissolve in the intestine rather than the stomach?
enteric-coated
What is the indication for phenytoin?
epilepsy
the ISMP has created a list of abbreviations that are frequently misinterpreted. The use of these abbreviations should be limited, and if a technician encounters one in practice, he or she should always verify the correct meaning.
error-prone abbreviations
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: premenstrual symptoms
evening primrose
q
every
q12h
every 12 hours
How often is a fentanyl patch applied?
every 3 days
How often must a laminar flow hood be checked?
every 6 months
q8h
every 8 hours
QN
every evening night
QPM
every evening night
Qnoc
every evening night
qh
every hour
qod
every other day
When dispensing a Ventolin inhaler, how often must the Patient Package insert (PPI) be included with the drug product?
every time the prescription is dispensed
q2h
every two hours
qd
everyday
the process of removing a drug from the body, usually through urine (kidneys)
excretion/elimination
Drug Class: ? Mechanism of Action: decrease thickness of mucous in lungs Indication: used to decrease thickness and break up fluid in the lungs so that a cough will become productive and allow the patient so expel mucous Side effects: - Examples: -guaifenesin Special consideration: drinking water helps rid the lungs and mucous naturally
expectorants
XC
extended release
XR
extended release
a type of medication that allows a reduced frequently in dosing
extended release (XR, XL)
-trel
female hormone (progestin)
desogestrel; etonogestrel; levonorgestrel; norgestrel
female hormone (progestin)
What dosage form is formulated to mask an objectionable taste of a medication?
film-coated tablets
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: blood pressure and cholesterol
fish oil
drugs that are store on each unit of the hospital that are frequently prescribed for that unit; most floor stocks are stored in automated dispensing cabinets
floor stock
fl
fluid
What is the generic name for Flovent?
fluticasone
Advair Diskus
fluticasone/salmeterol
a list of drugs approved by the insurance company to be covered under an individual's plan; also a list medications approved by the P&T committee for administration to patients in a hospital or long-term care facility
formulary
What is the generic name for Cerebyx?
fosphenytoin
Define MicroMedex
full text database covering drug information,toxicology,and critical care
What is the generic for Reminyl?
galantamine
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: cholesterol and cardiovascular health
garlic
What are capsules made out of?
gelatin, sugar, and water
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: nausea, GI upset
ginger
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: improve memory and prevent dementia
ginkgo biloba
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: fatigue
ginseng
DTD
give such doses
A pre-filled syringe is made out of glass or plastic?
glass
What is the meaning of the abbreviation "gr"?
grain
gr
grain
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: allergies
grape seed
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: metabolic syndromes
green tea
What is the meaing of the abbreviation "t½"?
half-life
HA
headache
a type of insurance plan that requires the designation of a primary care physician (PCP). Patients must first get referral from their PCP for any type of specialty services
health maintenance organization (HMO)
medications that if used in error carry a greater risk of causing patient harm.
high-alert medications
hx
history
What is the proper method of measuring a liquid in a graduated cylinder?
hold at eye level and read the bottom of the meniscus
What is the meaning of the abbreviation "hr"?
hour
h
hour
hr
hour
°
hour
What is the indication for fluvastatin?
hyperlipidemia
What is the indication for amlodipine/benazepril?
hypertension
What is the indication for diltiazem?
hypertension
What is the indication for felodipine?
hypertension
What is the indication for lisinopril?
hypertension
What is the indication for quinapril?
hypertension
What is the indication for ramipril?
hypertension
S.O.S
if necesary
STAT
immediately
What is the meaning of the abbreviation "Ig"?
immunoglobulin
HIPPA
implemented to improve continuity and portability when transferring PHI patient info/health insurance from one employer to the next
What is HIPPA?
implemented to improve continuity and portability when transferring PHI patient info/health insurance from one employer to the next
The directions for use of a medication are " ii gtts au q 4 h x 5d". What is au?
in both ears
The "C" designation for controlled substances must appear on a controlled prescription:
in red in the lower right hand corner of the Rx
has no effect on the therapeutic action of a drug; also known as excipient or inert ingredients. Examples: -colorings -flavorings -preservatives -fillers
inactive ingredient
The joint action of drugs in which their combined effect is more intense or longer in duration than the sum of their
individual effects is:
The NSAID most frequently used to treat gout is
indomethacin
administration of a drug through inhalation into the lungs, used mostly for a asthma and COPD treatment methods
inhalation
Treatment for migraine is most effective if
initiated early in the attack
parts of the prescription that includes the name and strength of the medication prescribed and the amount to be dispensed. Ex: Lipitor 10 mg #30
inscription
an organization whose mission is to investigate medication errors and help provide error-reduction strategies to the medical community.
institute for safe medication practices (ISMP)
ID
intradermal
adminsiteration of medication given just below the epidermis (top layer of the skin); must only inject small amount of medication--will raised the skin to form a wheal. Example; tuberculosis skin tests are administered intradermally.
intradermal
IM
intramuscular
What is the meaning of the abbreviation IM?
intramuscular
administration of a medication injected into the muscle; typically no more than 2 mL of liquid can be injected, but can go up to 5 mL; common injection sites are gluteus Maximus (butt) and deltoid (shoulder); inject at 90-degree angle
intramuscular
small device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy; effective means of birth control for several years
intrauterine device (IUD)
What is the meaning of the abbreviation IV?
intravenous
also known as IV, administration of a drug directly into the bloodstream through a vein.
intravenous
IVPB
intravenous piggyback
IVP
intravenous push
Which of the following is not a reason a claim will be rejected?
invalid medication strength
What do you clean a laminar flow hood with?
isopropyl alcohol
When dispensing an antidepressant; the patient should be informed that
it may take as long as two weeks before the drug is effective
purchasing of inventory in quantities that just meet the demands until the next time ordering is completed -reduces amount of inventory -can only be used if the pharmacy can predict the needs of patients, and if supplies are readily available -current drug shortages make just-in-time purchasing difficult
just-in-time purchasing
Which one is an antifungal
ketoconazole
Kg
kilogram
LR
lactated ringers
A ___________ distributes HEPA filtered air into a work area to maintain a sterile environment.
laminar flow hood
the zero placed before the decimal point; required and should always be included in dosing
leading zero
a.s.
left ear
The directions for use for Timoptic is 2 gtts os bid. What is the meaning of os?
left eye
o.s.
left eye
The dispensing label on an outpatient pharmacy prescription requires:
legal name of pharmacy and address
The process of producing a smooth dispersion of a drug with a spatula is called
levigation
What is the generic for Betagan?
levobunolol
liq
liquid
Brand Name: Prinivil, Zestril Drug Class: antihypertensive: ACE inhibitor Indication: treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension) Controlled: no
lisinopril
Whati s the generic for Prinivil?
lisinopril
L
liter
L/min
liters per minute
What may belladonna be used to treat?
liver and gallbladder disorders
-caine
local anesthetic
bupivacaine; lidocaine; mepivacaine; prilocaine; proparacaine
local anesthetic
an effect of a drug that involves a specific part of the body only; for example, using a numbing agent on an injured area
localized effect
a list of medications developed by the ISMP that have the potential to be confused with other drugs
look-alike/sound-alike (LASE)
-semide
loop diuretic (water pill)
furosemide; torsemide
loop diuretic (water pill)
number assigned by a manufacturer based on the batch when it was produced; allows tracking of a product so that it can be located in the event of a recall
lot number
topical dosage form composed of an oil-in-water base and thinner in a consistency lighter than cream, which helps them to absorb faster and be lighter on the skin; OTC moisturizers
lotion
a solid oral dosage form that usually has localized effects; proper use is to suck or chew this (nicotine gum)
lozenge/troche
OBRA
mandates pharmacies/pharmacists must fill medicaid prescriptions, maintain patient info, and provide counseling
What is OBRA?
mandates pharmacies/pharmacists must fill medicaid prescriptions, maintain patient info, and provide counseling
Schedule 1 Substances
marijuana,lsd,heroin
Antivert
meclizine
government -funded program run individual by each stare for the low-income population
medicaid
government insurance provided to patients who are 65 or older, or younger patients with certain disabilities
medicare
portion of Medicare that provided coverage for inpatient hospital stays, nursing facilities, home healthcare services, and hospice care
medicare part A
portion of Medicare that provides coverage for durable medical equipment (DME), outpatient services from hospitals, and physician services.
medicare part B
portion of Medicare that is also known as the Medicare Advantage Plan; patients can receive benefits through a separate provider, but must be enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B to be eligible
medicare part C
portion of Medicare that is the voluntary prescription drug coverage; patients must enroll during an eligibility period
medicare part D
MAR
medication administration record
any preventable that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm
medication error
supplemental information required by the FDA to be included in additions to the patient package insert for specific drugs
medication guide (MedGuide)
an order written by a prescriber for a patient in a hospital or other inpatient setting
medication order
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: insomnia, jet lag
melatonin
The process whereby a drug is transformed by the liver is referred to as;
metabolism
the process of a drug being converted to a form that is easily eliminated from the body
metabolism
propellant inhaler used by asthma patients that delivers a specific amount of medication through compressed gas
metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
What is the generic name for Glucophage?
metformin
What is the generic name for Robaxin?
methocarbamol
What is the generic name for Concerta?
methylphenidate XR
What is the generic name for Toprol XL?
metoprolol
mcg
microgram
The expiration date on a bottle of Cipro 500mg tablets states 4/09. When does this drug expire?
midnight 4/30/09
What is the indication for butorphanol?
migraine headaches
What is the indication for eletriptan?
migraine headaches
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: liver disease
milk thistle
mEq
milliequivalent
mg
milligram
mg%
milligram percent
mL
milliliter
min.
minute
M
mix
mixt
mixture
Brand Name: Nasonex Drug Class: antiallergy agent--nasal spray--steroid Indication: treatment and prophylaxis of nasal allergy symptoms Controlled: no
mometasone furoate monohydrate
adalimumab; daclizumab; infliximab; omalizumab; trastuzumab
monoclonal antibody (cancer)
a.m.
morning
What is the generic name for Relafen?
nabumetone
application of a drug into the nose; most often given in spray form
nasal
N/V
nausea and vomitting
Which OTC lowers cholesterol and can cause a flushing reaction?
niacin
What is the active ingredient found in Nicorette?
nicotine polacrilex
NTG
nitroglycerin
NKA
no known allergies
NKDA
no known drug allergies
How long may a schedule class II drug be refilled?
no refills
noc
nocturnal/at night
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
NS
normal saline 0.9% sodium chloride
npo
nothing by mouth
aa
of equal parts/of each
oint,ung
ointment
topical dosage form that contains more oil than water and tends to have a greasy or oily feel; a water-in-oil preparation (neosporin)
ointment
Brand Name: Prilosec Drug Class: antinuclear agent--Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) Indication: treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, acid reflux, and other hypersecretory conditions Controlled: no
omeprazole
What is the active indgredient found in Prilosec OTC?
omeprazole
What is the generic name for Prilosec?
omeprazole
a prescribed dose is due to be given by not administered.
omissions error
How often must controlled substances be physically inventoried?
once every 2 years
SS
one half/sliding scale
application of a drug into the eye; must be a sterile solution
ophthalmic
most common route of administration--giving a medication by mouth -least expensive and most convenient route -not the quickest method because medication must be absorbed into the bloodstream from the GI tract -achieves best rates of patient's compliance to drug therapy
oral (PO)
a syring used to measure liquid to be given orally to pediatric patients. Comes with a cap so that doses can be dispensed for individual patients
oral syringe
application of a drug into the ear; medications used for the ear can be used in the eye; however, if necessary eye drops can be used in the ear
otic
oz
ounce
the total amount a patient will pay from their own money. This amount is generally regulated by the insurance company and set at a certain limit
out of pocket expenses
-nacin
overactive bladder and incontinence; anticholinergics
darifenacin; solifenacin
overactive bladder and incontinence; anticholinergics
Schedule 2 Substances
oxycodone,codeine,morphine
a measure of how acidic or basic solution is; close to 1 is more acidic, and close to 14 is more basic.
pH
What is the generic name for Protonix?
pantoprazole
administration of a drug that involves any type of injection that bypasses the stomach; because it enters the bloodstream directly, it must be a sterile dosage form
parenteral
What is the generic name for Paxil?
paroxetine
if a pharmacy does not have a sufficient supply of a medication to fill an entire order for a patient, a partial fill may be given: -usually a three-to-five-day supply (enough to last the patient until the pharmacy receives stock from the wholesaler)
partial fill
topical dosage form similar to an ointment, but it creates a heavier consistency, and thus the application is thicker than an ointment or cream (sunscreen)
paste
Estraderm is available in which dosage form?
patch
Pt
patient
pt
patient
anything that can identify the patient when administering his or her medication.
patient identifier
required by the FDA for all medications dispensed; provides information about the drug for the patient
patient package insert
a database of information stored in a pharmacy system for each patient; should be continually updated by the pharmacy technician
patient profile
What is the Latin abbreviation for "after meals"?
pc
The abbreviation 'PCN" means what?
penicillin
-cillin
penicillin antibiotic
amoxicillin; ampicillin; dicloxacillin; nafcillin; oxacillin
penicillin antibiotic
pr
per rectum
pv
per vaginally
%
percent
A patient on warfarin therapy should never take which of the following medications?
percodan
the amount of stock that should be on the shelves to meet demands; when inventory falls below par levels, stock should be reordered to replenish inventory
periodic automatic replenishment (Par level)
the code given to distinguish which person the service is being provided. Example: -member person code=00 -spouse person code=01 -first child=02 -second child=03
person code
some issues require the decision making and clinical knowledge of a pharmacist
pharmacist intervention
committee comprised a nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and sometimes technicians within a hospital that meets on a regular basis to review issues related to medications, including: -hospital formulary: -reviewing, maintaining, and updating when necessary -medication use evaluations (MUEs) -discussing and investigating medication errors
pharmacy and therapeutics committee (P & T committee)
a third party administrator of prescription drug programs who processes and pays for all drug claims and manages the formally for each plan
pharmacy benefit manager (PBM)
-afil
phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor [treat erectile dysfunction/impotence]
Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil
phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor [treat erectile dysfunction/impotence]
PDR
physicians desk reference
pb
piggyback
a substance that has no medicinal treatment value, often used in medical research for studies
placebo
an attempt by a member to fill a prescription for too large a quantity--for example, attempting to obtain a 90-day supply of medication when only a 30 day supply is covered
plan limitations exceeded
K
potassium
KCl
potassium chloride
lb,LB
pound
pwdr
powder
What is the generic name for Deltasone?
prednisone
a type of insurance plan that does not require that designation of a primary care physician (PCP), but has a network of preferred providers to select from when services are needed
preferred provider organization (PPO)
What is the meaning of the acronym PMS?
premenstrual syndrome
the cost of the insurance coverage paid for by the member
premium
Describe the duties of a pharmacy technician?
prepare,package, and distribute drugs
an order written for a patient by a licensed practitioner for be filled by a pharmacist.
prescription
label should be affixed to the medication container and match the prescription exactly.
prescription container label
special approval needed before an insurance company will cover a specific medication for a patient, generally an expensive bran name drug that is not present on the formulary
prior authorization
a medication order given on an "as needed" basis for specific signs and symptoms exhibited by a patient
prn order
information sent from the wholesaler on a medication for the pharmacy to utilize for any material needed regarding a specific drug; written for the pharmacist and technician--not for the patient
product package insert (PPI)
Medication class of Provera?
progestin
Pure Food and Drug Act
prohibits adulteration and misbranding of food
prevent or decreases severity of a disease
prophylactic
PHI
protected health information
-oprazole
proton pump inhibitor (PPI) Relieve symptoms of acid reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
dexlansoprazole; lansoprazole; pantoprazole
proton pump inhibitor (PPI) Relieve symptoms of acid reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
-eprazole
proton pump inhibitor (PPI) Relieve symptoms of acid reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
esomeprazole; omeprazole; rabeprazole
proton pump inhibitor (PPI) Relieve symptoms of acid reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
What is the meaning of the acronym PE?
pulmonary embolism
pwdr pulv
pulverized powder
What is the generic for Seroquel?
quetiapine
-floxacin
quinolone antibiotic
besifloxacin; ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; ofloxacin
quinolone antibiotic
administration of a drug into the rectum; usually given via suppositories, but also may be given through an enema
rectal
rec
rectum/rectally
an attempt by a member to get a prescription refilled before the insurance company permits a schedule fill
refill too soon
Which type of insulin has the shortest onset period?
regular
Define analgesic
relieves pain w/o causing loss of consciousness
-treti/ tretin/-tretin
retinoid/dermatologic agent VITAMIN A
acitretin; alitretinoin; isotretinoin; tretinoin
retinoid; dermatologic agent; form of vitamin A
process of sending back medications when expired, damaged, or destroyed for credit from manufacturers
reverse distribution
a.d.
right ear
o.d.
right eye
Schedule 5 Substances
robitussin a-c,lomotil,lyrica
when new inventory arrives and is being placed onto the shelf for storage, it should be placed in order of shortest expiration date so as to used the products that expire first before those that expire last
rotate stock
the way by which a drug enters into the body; selected based on several factors, including: -speed of onset required -patient status (ability to swallow a tablet) -drugs' absorption characteristics
route of administration
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: prostate disorders
saw palmetto
What is the indication for clozapine?
schizophrenia
tablets that have a line or crevice to make splitting easier
scored tablets
What is the indication for topiramate?
seizures
Which of the following demonstrates the gross profit formula?
selling price - purchase price
Type B-ADR (Adverse Drug Reaction) is
serious and life threatening
What is the generic for Zoloft?
sertraline
The three parts of a needle are:
shaft, lumen, and hub
How would you dispose of a needle?
sharps container
SOB
shortness of breath
What is the proper procedure for cleaning a laminar flow hood?
side to side, back to front
Brand Name: Zocor Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic-HMG CoA reductase inhibitor Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no
simvastatin
Na
sodium
the part of the solution that is dissolved in the liquid, that is, the active ingredient
solute
a liquid in which the active ingredient completely dissolved
solution
soln
solution
the part of the solution that is composed of the liquid portion; the liquid that doses that dissolving (water when mixed with Kool-Aid)
solvent
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: menopausal symptoms
soy
a tubelike attachment to an MDI inhaler that helps patients, typically children, inhale the medication more easily and effectively
spacer
sp
spirits
wholesalers can order scheduled substances (C-1, C,3, C4, C5) on __________________
standard invoice
a type of medication order sent to the pharmacy that must be filled immediately.
stat order
Expectorants are used in lung disease to
stimulate respiratory secretions and break up mucus
SC
subcutaneous
SQ
subcutaneous
administration of medication directly below the skin into the subcutaneous tissue; example of a medication administered via this route is insulin; inject at a 45-degree angle
subcutaneous
SL
sublingual
What route does a patient use if prescribed Nitrostat?
sublingual
a method of drug delivery that involves placing a tablet under the tongue to be dissolved; the tablet can be absorbed quickly into the bloodstream through the blood vessels under the tongue -nitroglycerin, used for angina attacks. (nitrostat)
sublingual
another name for the member, or person who pays for the insurance, under his or he healthcare plan
subscriber
part of the prescription that includes directions to the pharmacist for dispensing the medication. Ex: number of refills permitted.
subscription
A hyperglycemic pamphlet would refer to
sugar levels
An order reads "Tylenol 325mg pr q 4 h prn". What dosage form should be dispensed?
suppositories
a dosage form in a semi-solid state that is solid at room temperature but designed to melt at blood temperature; usually inserted rectally, can also be inserted vaginally or into the urethra
suppository
supp
suppository
a liquid dosage form that is composed of undissolved particles of active ingredient suspended in a liquid; patients must be told to shake well when given this
suspension
a type of extended-release formulation that release the medication slowly over a specific period of time
sustained release (SR)
Sx
symptoms
What is the meaning of the abbreviation "syr"?
syrup
a thick solution made with water and a large amount of sugar
syrup
an effect of a drug that involves the entire body; for examples, a blood pressure lowering agent
systematic effect
15 ml is 1 _____________
tablespoon
tpsp
tablespoon
a solid dosage form made by compression
tablet
tab
tablet
a device used to split tablets in half
tablet splitter
lettering used to help distinguish drug names that may be otherwise be confused
tall man lettering
tsp
teaspoon
What is the generic name for Ketek?
telithromycin
A patient hands you an empty vial of Ritalin and asks for the Rx to be refilled. What should you do?
tell the patient that the medicine is not refillable
A patient enters the pharmacy complaining of persistent heartburn. The pharmacy technician should:
tell the patient to speak to the pharmacist
What is the generic name for Hytrin?
terazosin
Which drugs listed should be taken on an empty stomach
tetracycline
-cycline
tetracycline antibiotic
demeclocycline; doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline
tetracycline antibiotic
formerly known as the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization (JCAHO); accredits hospitals and evaluate facilities based on patient care standards and patient safety
the Joint Commission (TJC)
A physician prescribes Ceclor 375mg po bid. What is wrong with this prescription?
the Rx lacks a duration of therapy
Define extemporaneous compounding?
the act of preparing a drug product at the time it is required with the materials on hand
Define beneficence
the practice of doing good; a kindly action
relieves symptoms of a disease
therapeutic
Zestril and lisinopril are
therapeutic equivalents
-thiazide
thiazide diuretic (water pill)
chlorothiazide; hydrochlorothiazide; methyclothiazide
thiazide diuretic (water pill)
another name for an insurance provider
third party
Drug Listing Act
this act assigns a unique drug code to each medication known as the National Drug Code (NDC)
What is the drug listing act?
this act assigns a unique drug code to each medication known as the National Drug Code (NDC)
Orphan Drug Act
this act was enabled to stimulate the development of drugs for rare diseases
What is the Orphan Drug Act?
this act was enabled to stimulate the development of drugs for rare diseases
tid
three times daily
per
through or by
tinct
tincture
Why are diuretics commonly used in congestive heart failure?
to decrease the amount of fluid in the body by increasing urination
Know how to dispose chemotherapy medications and that there is a spill kit to use if you spill chemo drugs
to dispose place in a leak proof, puncture resistant container, placed in a larger container and incinerated
What is "Syrup of Ipecac" indicated for?
to induce vomiting
What is the main function of a hospital?
to provide resources to assist physicians and other health care professionals in diagnosing and treating patients.
What is the meaning of the acronym TNA?
total nutrient admixture
TPN
total parentarel nutrition
the zero placed after or to the right of the decimal point; unnecessary and, if misinterpreted, could cause a tenfold increase in a medication to be incorrectly dispensed.
trailing zero
topical dosage form designed to deliver a drug enclosed with a patch to the body through skin absorption
transdermal patch
Brand Name: Desyrel Drug Class: antidepressant Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no
trazodone hydrochloride
Rx
treatment script
What is the generic for Dyazide?
triamterene/Hydrochlorothiazide
government health benefits program for military personnel and retire-less; also includes dependents of active-duty service members
tricare
-pramine
tricyclic antidepressant
-tyline
tricyclic antidepressant
clomipramine; desipramine; imipramine; trimipramine
tricyclic antidepressant
amitriptyline; nortriptyline; protriptyline
tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
Grinding of tablets into a fine powder in a porcelain mortar is an example of:
trituration
bid
twice daily
Schedule 3 Substances
tylenol w/codeine, anabolic steroids,ketamine
What can lead to a medication error?
unapproved abrv, look/sound alike drugs, distractions
a drug used in a hospital or other inpatient setting that prepackaged from bulk for a single administration for one patient
unit dose
to be repackaged from bulk.
unit dose labels
administration of a drug through the urethra, the tube that carries the urine from the bladder to the outside of the body; usually used for cancer or incontinence treatment
urethral
Which drug dissolves a clot once it has formed?
urokinase
What is a generic name?
usually a version of the chemical name, usually not capitalized
application of a drug into the vagina; used mostly for local effects such as a the treatment of yeast infections
vaginal
Alternative Supplement: ? Common Use: anxiety
valerian
What is the generic name for Calan?
verapamil
VO
verbal order
Know that SQ medications require
very short needle. (5/8" or ½") • Example is insulin
purchasing from one wholesaler as a single source of multiples manufacturers of drugs and other medical products -quick turnaround time for drugs when available -when drugs aren't available, known as "back orders"
wholesaler purchasing
c
with
s
without
medical coverage for an employee who is injured on the job; patient will pay no portion of prescription drug costs
workers' compensation
sig
write on label directions
signa
write on label directions
signatura
write on label directions
WO
written order
a dose is given above or below the prescribed dose
wrong dose error
a prescribed dose is given out of the designated range of the hospital time guidelines
wrong time error
Schedule 4 Substances
xanax, tramadol, ambien
YOB
year of birth
Define Fungus
yeasts or molds that obtains food from living organisims
Zn
zinc
ZnO
zinc oxide
Which drug has a loading dose as part of the regimen?
zithromax
What size is a HEPA filter?
• 0.22 micron • It filters out 0.3 micron particles and larger
Room temperature is:
• 15 - 30 degrees Celsius • 59 - 86 degrees Fahrenheit
Refrigerator temperature is:
• 2 - 8 degrees Celsius • 36 - 46 degrees Fahrenheit
What is a formulary?
• A list of medications that are to be maintained in stock.
Know a list of medications that are stored in the refrigerator
• All insulin including Lantus and Novolog Miacalcin (calcitonin-salmon) • Phenergan (promethegan) suppositories • Norvir (ritonavir) • Xalatan (latanoprost) eye drops • Combipatch (estradiol-norethindrone) • Foradil (formoterol) • Alkeran (melphalan) • Ortho Evra (norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol) • Epogen / Procrit (epoetin alpha) • Avonex (interferon) • Neupogen (filgrastim) • Leukeran (chlorambucil) • Thyrolar • Etoposide phosphate (Eposin®, Etopophos®, Vepesid®, VP-16®) • Enbrel (etanercept) • Viroptic (trifluridine )
What is unit dose?
• Amount of a drug prepackaged for a single administration • Individually wrapped tablets remain sterile and can be returned to stock if not used, therefore decreases costs.
What would you use for a dry, hacking cough?
• Anti-tussive : Robitussin DM , Vicks 44 DM, DM stands for dextromethorphan,
Know what drugs qualify as an "Automatic Stop Order"
• Antibiotics
What is lidocaine used for?
• Anything that ends in -caine will numb the area applied. • It numbs the skin especially for mouth sores or sore throats.
Which antibiotics cause photosensitivity?
• Bactrim DS/ Septra DS ( sulfameth/trimeth )
Digoxin is a:
• Cardiac glycoside
What schedule is codeine?
• Codeine by itself is a C-II • Codeine mixed within the medication is a CIII
Coumadin and aspirin
• Coumadin (warfarin) interacts with aspirin. Coumadin thins the blood and so does aspirin. If taken together - the blood could be thinned too much and unusual bleeding can occur. • Drugs with aspirin: Percodan, Fiorinal, Ecotrin, Bayer, Bufferin, Excedrin, Darvon
Know a couple of IM medications
• Depo-testosterone / Depo-Provera • Phenergan (promethazine) • Demerol (meperidine) • Trimethobenzamide (Tigan) • These medications require a long needle to reach the muscle under the skin. ( 1" or 1 ½ ")
• Elimination -
• Elimination - "excretion" of the drug out of the body
Where is Phenergan suppositories stored?
• In the same place as insulin- the refrigerator. • Remember, Tigan suppositories are stored at room temperature and Phenergan suppositories will melt at room temp
What is the generic name of Accutane? What is the special warning?
• Isotretinoin • Will cause severe birth defects. Women of child bearing age must test negative to pregnancy before starting Accutane. • No refills are allowed and prescription should be filled within 7 days of written date.
What are buccal tablets?
• It is a tablet that is placed in-between the cheek and gum. • Intended to dissolve slowly to stay in the mouth (where the infection) is longer
What does gauge mean?
• It refers to the diameter size of a needle. • The higher the number gauge the smaller the needle diameter.
Know the responsibilities of JCAHO
• Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations. • Ensures medications are used safely, effectively, and appropriately. (Drug Use Evaluation)
Know which drugs require a PPI and how often should you dispense it?
• MDI's, Birth Control, Estrogens, Progesterones, Accutane, and IUD's. • Must be dispensed every time.
What is MSDS?
• Material Safety Data Sheets • Available from manufacturer. They describe in detail the ingredients contained in the product and emergency procedures for ingestion or improper handling. • Required by all pharmacies storing "hazardous materials" • Regulated by OSHA
What method does the pharmacy use in order to keep inventory?
• Minimum/Maximum system - described above • Want book • Computerized inventory systems - the shelf minimum is in the computer bank. When the level goes below this level the computer automatically generates a purchase order.
What does NDC mean?
• National Drug Code 99999-9999-99 • First set of numbers refer to the manufacturer • Second set of numbers refer to the name of the drug • Last 2 numbers refer to the package size
What medications can only be dispensed/stored in glass containers?
• Nitroglycerin (IV form and sublingual) • Depakene liquid
How would you use PenG and where would you store it?
• Penicillin G is an antibiotic and would be stored in the refrigerator • Any liquid penicillin in a syringe will be stored in the refrigerator
Where are controlled drugs kept?
• Pharmacies may disperse these substances (including CII's) throughout their stock of non-controlled substances in a manner that will obstruct theft. • CII's cannot be placed in automatic counting devices.
What medication cannot be put in a syringe?
• Potassium Chloride cannot be put in a syringe. • Amiodarone • Alteplace
Know a list of medications that are stored in the freezer
• Prostaglandin • IV bags of gentamicin and vancomycin
Therapeutic Equivalence
• Same active ingredients • Same dosage form • Same route of administration • Identical in strength/concentration • May differ in shape, scoring configuration, packaging, and color • Must have same clinical effect • Good Example : Zestril = lisinopril • Bad Example : Lopid = Lipitor
Where are antineoplastic drugs kept?
• Separate storage area where the drug cartons, shelves, bins, counters, and trays have warning labels and designed to minimize falling and breakage of materials Only specific trained personnel allowed access
What does the word "Contraindicated" mean?
• That a drug should not be administrated for the possibility of side effects, adverse effects, drug-drug interactions, drug disease interactions.
How many units per ml in insulin? ( i.e. U-100 insulin )
• U-100 means that there are 100 units per 1 ml of insulin. • A vial is 10 ml therefore there are 1000 units per vial. ( 100 units/ml x 10 ml )
Drugs that end in "-azepam" are what?
• benzodiazepines (class IV) • anti-anxiety agents
PRN refills on methylphenidate last how long?
• no refills are allowed on C-II drugs
