Research Methods Chapter 8

In a 3x3 factorial design, how many different F ratios will be calculated in the ANOVA?

3

In the above study, suppose that 10 subjects are tested in condition represented by the upper left hand cell of the factorial matrix. How many subjects need to be recruited to complete the study? (2 x 3)

30

Suppose you have a 2x2 design in which one of the variables is a between-subjects factor and one of the variables is a within-subjects factor. Further suppose that there will be 30 subjects in the upper left-hand cell of the 2x2 array. How many subjects are needed to complete the study?

60

In the study by Grant et al. (1998), subjects studied text materials either in a noisy or a quiet environment and also recalled the material either in a noisy or a quiet environment. What was true about this study?

No significant main effects were found in this study, but there was an interaction

An ATI design would be considered an example of which of the following?

P x E design

If a study is a P x E factorial design, it could also be a

a mixed factorial design

A researcher studied the influence of crowding (low, medium, and high crowding) on reading comprehension between two types of third graders. Half the children randomly assigned to each crowding condition were classified as "good" and half "poor" on an assessment of verbal fluency. In the study, each child read a 750-word passage and was tested on it later. 25) This study includes... 26) Which of the following is true? 27) Twenty poor comprehenders are tested in the low crowding condition. To keep the same N in all the cells, how many children will participate in the experiment?

a subject variable; this is a P x E factorial design; 120

A mixed factorial design has...

atleast one between-subjects factor and one within-subjects factor

In a 2x3 mixed factorial design, with 10 people needed to fill the upper left hand cell of the matrix, how many people will be needed to complete the experiment?

could be 20 or 30 (need more information)

A 2x4 factorial design has

eight different conditions; two different independent variables; an independent variable with four levels (all of the above)

For which of the following within-subjects factors will counterbalancing not be involved?

in a release from PI study, a comparison is made between trials 1 and trial 4

ATI designs look for

interactions between subject aptitudes and various types of treatment

Which of the following is true about a P x E factorial design?

it includes both a subject variable and a manipulated variable

A researcher simultaneously investigated learning style and teaching style. Students were identified as either visual/concrete learners or verbal/abstract learners, on the basis of a learning style survey. For each type of student, half were taught a statistics lesson using a computer program that included a lot of graphics, while the other half used a computer program with fewer graphics and more verbal material. After working through the program, all students were given a test on statistics. 40) How would you describe the design of this study? 41) Which of the following is true about the study? 42) This study includes learning style as 43) With 25 students tested per cell of this design, how many students will be needed in all?

it's a 2x2 P x E factorial; counterbalancing is not required, but random assignment is; a subject variable; 100

A researcher investigated the effect of a child's attractiveness and gender on judgments of personality and intelligence. Male teachers were shown photos of children to obtain their "first impressions" of children. Each teacher was shown four photos (the order was randomized for each teacher): an attractive boy, an unattractive boy, an attractive girl, and an unattractive girl. The teachers rated the apparent friendliness of the child and also estimated the child's intelligence. 30) How would you describe the design of this study? 31) Which of the following is true about the study? 32) This study includes the gender of the children in the photos as...

it's a 2x2 repeated-measures factorial; a manipulated variable; there are 2 different dependent variables

For one of Fisher's agricultural studies, in which one of the IVs was the presence or absence of fertilizer and the other IV was strain of wheat (type A or B), which of the following outcomes illustrates an interaction?

neither alternative a. nor b. describes an interaction

Jenkins and Dallenbach did a famous study on the phenomenon of retroactive interference in the 1920s, in which they found that getting a good sleep before an exam might not be a bad idea. Which of the following was true about their study?

the design was a 2x4 repeated measures factorial design

Which of the chapter's research examples used a mixed design?

the study about beliefs about work as exercise in hotel workers

A study by Shute compared students who scored high or low on a measure of their tendency to be "exploratory." Half of each group then learned about electricity through a "rule-application" strategy, while the other half learned through a "rule-induction" strategy. Which of the following was true?

the study includes a subject variable and a manipulated variable

Which of the chapter's research examples used a P x E mixed design?

the study on simulated driving with cell phones

All of the following are true about factorial designs except...

they are best analyzed with a 1-factor ANOVA

A researcher discovers that extroverts solve problems better than introverts when in a large room, but that introverts do better than extroverts in a small room. Which of the following is true?

this outcome describes a person by environment (P x E) interaction

One of the chapter's research examples concerned the so-called closing time effect. The researchers found that the gender of the rater made a difference and the time of the ratings also made a difference. That is, the study produced

two main effects

How can a mixed factorial design also be a PxE factorial

when the "E" factor is a repeated measure