Science EOG Study Guide

Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?

A. fetus B. sperm C. egg D. embryo

In order to carry out the functions of life, organisms must

A. have more than one type of cell. B. be exposed to sunlight. +C. have at least one cell. D. be able to move.

Scientists found a new species of a complex organism at the bottom of the ocean. The organism most likely

A. is unicellular. B. is a form of bacteria. +C. is made of multiple cells. D. lacks an organized nucleus.

What can cause an offspring to have a physical trait neither of its parents has?

a mutation in a parent's sex cell

In order to grow two of the exact same plants, a person would reproduce them asexually because the

offspring would be genetically identical.

While teaching a lesson on the conservation of energy, a teacher diagrams the path of the motion of a swing moving back and forth.

potential to kinetic

An organism's traits are largely determined by the genetic makeup of its parents. A mutation in which kinds of cells in a parent could cause a new trait to appear in the parent's offspring?

sperm or egg

A group of workers needs to move a piano from the second floor of a building. The piano is too wide to fit through the door, so they will lower the piano to the ground through a window. Which tool would be best to help the workers lower the piano from the window?

A. wheel and axle B. inclined plane +C. pulley D. wedge

As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?

+A. electricity B. friction C. gravity D. magnetism

A baker is making cookies. She mixes the ingredients in a bowl and forms a ball of dough. The ball of dough needs to be rolled flat before it is baked. Which simple machine is best used to flatten the dough?

+A. wheel and axle B. inclined plane C. wedge D. lever

A student pushes on an object with a force of 6 newtons and the object does not move. What force does the object exert on the student's hands?

6 N

Marcus pushes against a refrigerator with a force of 300 newtons (N) to the right. Kelli pushes against the refrigerator with a force of 360 N to the left. How much additional force could Marcus apply in order to overcome the force applied by Kelli?

65 N to the right

The diagram shows two ramps that a person could use to raise a 10-kilogram cardboard box to a height of 1 meter. Which statement correctly describes the force required to raise the box using the ramps?

A. The same amount of force will be required when using either ramp because both boxes have a mass of 10 kg. B. The same amount of force will be required when using either ramp because both ramps are 1 meter high. C. More force will be required to raise the box using Ramp X because Ramp X is steeper than Ramp Y. +D. More force will be required to raise the box using Ramp Y because Ramp Y is longer than Ramp X.

What part of the digestive system first causes chemical changes to food?

A. teeth in the mouth B. saliva in the mouth +C. enzymes in the stomach D. enzymes in the small intestine

Which of these indicates a physical change that occurs during the process of digestion?

A. the addition of acids to create a ball of food B. the secretion of pepsin to change proteins to peptides C. the breakdown of food substances by digestive juices +D. the squeezing of food through the intestines

Some different types of plants have characteristics in common. Which characteristic do most plants share?

A. the size of their roots B. the shape of their leaves C. the color of their flowers +D. the structure of their cells

Which best explains why air temperatures near mountaintops are often much colder than air temperatures near sea level?

Air near mountaintops is less dense.

How do forces act on a dropped object as it is falling?

Air resistance is pushing up on the object, while gravity is pulling it down.

Which most accurately describes all behavior?

All behavior is affected by both experience and inheritance.

When a bird flies, its wings push air downward. As a result the air pushes back upward on the bird. Which law of motion most applies to the way the wings of a bird beat?

All forces act in action-reaction pairs.

An increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is associated with an increase in global temperature. Which property of carbon dioxide is responsible for this temperature increase?

Carbon dioxide keeps heat in the atmosphere from escaping into space.

Mrs. Pearson's class is studying the amount of energy stored in objects. If the same rock is put in four different places, at which location will the rock have the most potential energy?

D.

Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?

Heat and Moisture

Which type of activity would most likely be included on a weather map?

Hurricane

The air rising from the ocean to the atmosphere.

Hurricanes

A scientist compared the atmospheric composition of a newly discovered planet to the atmosphere of Earth. Which conclusion about the unknown planet can be made by using the information provided?

It is not suitable for animals.

Which element makes up most of the air we breathe.

Nitrogen

A simple electrical circuit is shown. In the metal wires, electrical current travels from the...

Positive side of the battery to the light bulb.

A high-speed wind, called a jet stream, is moving from the west to the east across the United States. Which characteristic of this jet stream is most important in predicting weather patterns?

The jet stream separates cold northern air from warm southern air.

To move a refrigerator, forces are applied as shown. Which of these statements best describes what will happen if the forces are applied at exactly the same time?

The refrigerator will remain in the same place, because the net force is zero.

Why does sexual reproduction result in more genetic diversity than asexual reproduction?

Traits from two parents are combined.

A log splitting machine was invented to split logs quickly. A motor powers a metal piece that is pushed through the middle of a log. The metal piece used to split a log is an example of what simple machine?

Wedge

Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?

both inherited and acquired traits

Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?

enzymes breaking down food

What is a job of white blood cells?

fight disease

When the roller coaster rolls onto a flat section of track, what force would ultimately bring it to a stop if no other forces are added?

friction

Organisms that reproduce asexually generally have offspring that are

genetically identical.

A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is

longer life spans.