Self-Determination Theory (EXSC)

Integrated regulation

the process of engaging in a behavior in order to confirm one's sense of self; i run because i am a runner, part of who you are

What is motivation?

the psychological feature that arouses an individual to act toward a desired goal the reason for the action or the energy that directs our behavior stems from different sources

Introjected regulation

when a behavior is dictated by a self-imposed source of pressure; should do something or be active, example if you have a chronic condition you become active

Identified regulation

you want to lose a certain amount of weight; when behavior is motivated by personal goals

Motivation stems from different sources:

1. Pursue positive outcomes (feeling good, weight loss) 2. Avoid negative outcomes (exercise to avoid heart problems, weight gain) 3. Like or enjoy behavior

Self Determination Continuum

Amotivation (non-regulation), Extrinsic motivation (external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation) Intrinsic motivation (intrinsic regulation)

Levels of Motivation 2

Contextual motivation: relatively stable pattern of motivation experienced in a particular context

Self Determination Theory

Deci and Ryan (1985); theory of motivation, application to PA, rehab adherence; not just amount of motivation; type is important too

Levels of Motivation 1

Global motivation: degree of motivation normally experienced by an individual across most behavioral domains, personality trait

Levels of Motivation 3

Situational motivation: motivation experienced in a particular activity at a specific point in time

From theory to practice

an individual who exercises for reasons reflecting low self determination would be less likely to adhere to a program than someone who exercises for pleasure intervention should increase try to increase intrinsic motivation

Recommendations for Rehab: Autonomy

asses reasons for motivation to return to exercise: more volitional vs. more external reasons athlete sets own time frame for return to exercise: help exerciser navigate external pressures to return sooner provide sense of agency to give participants options within rehab exercises

Recommendations for rehab: competence

assist participants with settling realistic expectations (don't expect too much to soon) develop short term rehab goals and provide participants with many opportunities for success provide participants with progressive physical challenges that they can successfully meet without physical pain put participants in contact with others who have had successful rehab with similar injury (use role models to build self efficacy

Extrinsic

characterized by exercise that is done: because i have to or i should, the same way but expecting different results, out of shame or guilt

Intrinsic

characterized by exercise that is done: because i want to, because i don't feel good or like myself when i don't, because it is part of my life now

Opportunities to increase competence

design an intervention that leads the individual to feel successful in mastering the activity, use clear and appropriate communication strategies, celebrate meaningful successes, be respectful of the person's efforts

Intrinsic regulation

engage in behavior for its own sake or the pleasure its provides

Intrinsic motivation

engaging in a behavior for reasons of inherent pleasure, satisfaction, or personal challenge, like to do it

External regulation

example would be health benefits; engaging in a behavior for the purpose of obtaining an external reward or avoiding an externally applied punishment

Intrinsic Benefits

feels good to them is enjoyable provides a sense of mastery

Self determination theory

for physical activity interventions ;targets motivation; means and types of motivation towards physical behavior

Opportunities to increase autonomy

give choices and options relate the exercises to the client's goals avoid coercive and controlling encouragement

SDT- Three primary needs

individuals posses 3 primary psychological needs: 1. Autonomy (self-determination): personally choose the behavior and not pressure, choice, similar to perceived behavioral control 2. Competence (experience mastery): can control outcomes and experience success, similar to self-efficacy, building confidence 3. Relatedness (social interactions): feel connected to and appreciated *individuals seek challenges that satisfy one or more of these needs

opportunities to increase relatedness

introduce the person to other participants, give tips and instructions on the expected behavior in the context including proper etiquette, communicate understanding of the client's perspective

Recommendations for rehab: relatedness

keep participants involved with training partners/social support networks develop supportive relationship with participant: provide emotional, tangible, informational support

Amotivation

no interest at all; relative absence of motivation or lack of intention to engage in a behavior

Reward structures

positive reinforcement: reward people for behavior to keep them motivated key point for those modifying behavior: use rewards cautiously external rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation;

Extrinsic Benefits

reduce the risk of disease lose weight and body fat enhance fitness look forward to future events reduce clothing size

Summary of SDT

the basis of self determination is that people have the capacity to choose behaviors based on inner desires and perceptions autonomy competence relatedness