Smartbook Ch. 8 & 9, BIOL 2213

Which statements describe the false ribs?

They indirectly articulate with the sternum through shared costal cartilages. They articulate with the thoracic vertebrae.

Which terms correctly describe the scapula?

broad, flat

The tarsal bones of the foot are analogous with the ______ bones of the wrist

carpal

A symphysis is a type of ______ joint.

cartilaginous

A large, smooth, rounded articulating oval structure on a bone is properly identified as a ______.

condyle

The vertebral canal contains the spinal __________ , whereas the intervertebral foramina allow for passage of the spinal nerves.

cord

Enclosing the brain is a function of ______.

cranial bones

The region of the leg from the knee to the ankle is called the ______ region.

crural

What tissue is sutures connects cranial bones firmly together?

dense regular connective tissue

An example of ______ is moving the mandible to open the mouth.

depression

Functionally, all synovial joints are classified as ______.

diarthroses

Which is a location of a synchondrosis?

epiphyseal plate

Straightening your arm at the elbow is an example of ______.

extension

True or false: The only gomphosis in the human body is between the radius and the ulna.

false

The strongest and heaviest bone in the body is the ______.

femur

Dense regular connective tissue connect bones in ______.

fibrous

Sutures are ______ joints.

fibrous

Syndesmoses are ______ joints.

fibrous

The crural region contains the tibia and

fibula

A lever system in which the fulcrum is located between the point of effort and the point of resistance is a ________-class lever.

first

A pair of scissors is an example of a ______-class lever.

first

The last two pairs of false ribs lack connections with the sternum, so they are classified as ______.

floating ribs

Which pairs describe the range of mobility of most fibrous joints?

immobile, slightly mobile

The true pelvis is ______ to the false pelvis.

inferior

Select any examples of a plane joint.

intertarsal joint, intercarpal joint

The depression between the greater and lesser tubercle is called the ______.

intertubercular sulcus

Lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae are called ______.

intervertebral foramina

The os coxae are made of three fused bones: the ilium, the ________, and the _______ .

ischium, pubis

The greater tubercle is more ______ than the lesser tubercle.

lateral

Identify the three arches of the foot.

lateral longitudinal arch, medial longitudinal arch, transverse arch

The scapula is part of the ______.

pectoral girdle

The glenoid cavity is part of the _____ girdle and the acetabulum is part of the _____ girdle.

pectoral, pelvic

The sacrum is part of the ______.

pelvis

Bones of the fingers are called ______.

phalanges

An individual with extra digits has ______.

polydactyly

The thoracic and sacral curvatures of the vertebral column are classified as

primary curves

The thoracic and sacral curvatures of the vertebral column are classified as ______.

primary curves

What is the function of foot arches?

protect blood vessels and nerves

Which component of the thoracic cage consists of a manubrium, body, and xiphoid process?

sternum

The clavicle extends between the manubrium of the _______ and the acromion of the _______.

sternum, scapula

Which are classified as synovial joints?

Glenohumeral, elbow, knee joint

The sternum is also referred to as the ______.

breastbone

Which is a joint in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue?

Syndesmoses

How many bones are contained in each lower limb?

30

The number of bones in each upper limb is ______ bones.

30

How many metatarsal bones are found in one foot?

5

The number of metacarpal bones per upper limb is ______.

5

How many tarsal bones are found in each foot?

7

How many carpal bones are in each wrist?

8

How are syndesmoses classified in terms of mobility?

Amphiarthrotic

______ is the inferior movement of a part of the body.

Depression

______ rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus medially.

Medial

Fibrocartilage of a ______ resists compression and acts as a shock absorber.

Symphysis

Which are functions of the paranasal sinuses?

To humidify and warm inhaled air To provide resonance to the voice To lighten the weight of skull bones

Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with ______.

air

What are true of the pectoral girdle?

articulates with the body trunk supports the upper limb

A joint is also known as a(n) ______.

articulation

The hyoid and auditory ossicles are part of the ______ skeleton.

axial

The auricular surface of the ilium in a young adult appears ______.

billowing

Biomechanics is applying mechanical principles to ______.

biology

The practice of applying mechanical principles to biology is known as

biomechanics

The anterior, weight bearing part of each vertebra is known as the

body

The structures that allow the cranial bones of the fetal skull to overlap as a baby passes through the birth canal are called

fontanelles

A _______ is a rounded passageway through a bone.

foramen

Planar joints are also called ______ joints.

gliding

The os coxae is often referred to as the ______.

hip bone

Which bone associated with the skull is an attachment site for tongue and larynx muscles?

hyoid

Which bones are just inferior to the glabella?

nasal bones

If the symphysial surface is depressed and concave, the ossa coxae is most likely from a person who is ______.

over 50

In anatomical position the radius and ulna are ______.

parallel

The subpubic angle is also called the ______.

pubic arch

Which bone of the forearm is on the same side as the thumb?

radius

A lever is a(n) _______ object that rotates around a point called a(n) _______.

rigid, fulcrum

Which bones are part of the pelvis?

sacrum, coccyx, ossa coxae

A broad, flat, triangular bone that forms the shoulder blade is the ______.

scapula

A pectoral girdle consists of two bones, the ______ and the ______ .

scapula, clavicles

The clavicle is located between these two bones, the ______ and the ______ .

scapula, sternum

The structures that help to lighten the weight of certain skull bones and provides resonance to the voice are the

sinus cavities

Levers have the ability to alter which of the following?

speed of movement, direction of applied force, distance moved

A structure that is an immoveable joint forming the boundary between cranial bones is called a

suture

Immobile (synarthrotic) fibrous joints that are found between the bones of the skull are called

sutures

In terms of mobility, immobile joints are classified as ______.

synarthroses

How is a gomphosis characterized, in terms of movement?

synarthrosis

An articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called a ______.

synchondrosis

Which type of joint contains bones that are separated by a joint cavity?

synovial

Clicking or popping noise may be heard as the person opens or closes in the mouth when there is damage to the ______ joint.

temporomandibular

The femur is ______.

thigh bone

Which are the primary curves present in the vertebral column of a newborn?

thoracic and sacral curvature

The thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum make up the ______.

thoracic cage

Which part of the axial skeleton acts as a protective framework around the vital organs of the thorax and provides attachment points for many muscles?

thoracic cage

The thoracic cage consists of the ______.

thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ribs

Which is a function of the cranial bones?

to surround and protect the brain

True or false: Bones are said to articulate with each other at a joint.

true

The pelvic organs are found in the ______.

true pelvis

Which part of the axial skeleton provides vertical support for the body while housing and protecting the spinal cord?

vertebral column

The subpubic angle is much ______ in women than in men.

wider