Soc 219 EXAM 1
How many waves of the feminist movement have occurred in American history
3
When did a male dominated (patriarchal) society first develop?
Agricultural Societies
How common is marital infidelity?
Between 25-45%
Most non-marital births are to teen mothers T/F
F
The teenage pregnancy rate has not changed for the past two decades t/f
F
Which of these is not listed as a function of the family in the textbook
Supporting educational pursuits
What is gender borderwork?
The work parents invest in their children to ensure they comply with appropriate gender expectations.
As individuals grow and develop, they may choose paths that diverge from family norms. This requires the family to be a. fulfilled. b. self-sustaining. c. flexible. d. value-oriented.
a
Based on the U.S. Census Bureau's most recent definition of family, which individual would be counted as a family member? a. an adopted child living in the household full time b. a foster child living in the household full time c. a biological child living away at school d. a biological father living in an apartment nearby
a
Casey is studying how one family has handled a number of typical life events by surveying three generations. His work will be primarily based on which perspective? a. family life course development framework b. conflict-relational theory c. attachment theory d. interaction-constructionist
a
Check My Work In the United States, the overall long-term trend of increasing income has a. obscured the increasing gap between high- and low-income households. b. significantly increased wages for median households. c. reduced the availability of temporary and part-time work d. decreased the need for outsourcing with the creation of more full-time positions.
a
Harry has been married to Sally for 25 years. The union duration of his marriage can indicate the level of _____ in his marriage. a. investment and habituation b. satisfaction and secrecy c. patriarchal sexuality d. sexual scripts
a
In a study of a new medication, group 1 receives the medication, while group 2 does not. Group 2 acts as the a. control group. b. experimental group. c. field group. d. variable group.
a
In designing his research on the role of certain festivals in Mexican family life, Gilberto proposed that certain festivals hold certain meanings based on the interaction-constructionist theory. This proposal is known as a a. hypothesis. b. social discourse. c. tautology. d. methodology.
a
In the _____ perspective, children develop self-concepts based on feedback from those around them, using play as a significant vehicle through which they develop ideas about appropriate gender roles for themselves, both as children and as adults. a. interaction-constructionist b. self-identification c. cognitive-developmental d. gender variance
a
In which decade did an alternative message began to emerge wherein sex was seen as a legitimate means to individual pleasure, whether or not it was embedded in a serious couple relationship? a. 1920s b. 1960s c. 1980s d. 1990s.
a
Patricia chose to become a plumber in spite of her father's assertion that it was a man's job. What term describes her choice of profession? a. gender bending b. gender reversal c. gender proofing d. gender deviance
a
Ralph and Rachel are sexual partners. Based on the interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction, they might rate their relationship, at least in part, in terms of a. what other options are available. b. their individual sexual scripts. c. their individual biological needs. d. the symbolic meaning they attach to sexual activity.
a
Researchers use _____ as tools of analysis, as they are equivalent to lenses through which observers view, organize, and then interpret what they see. a. theoretical perspectives b. neural mapping c. personal perspectives d. symbolic structure
a
The most recent United States recession has resulted in a. declining birth rates. b. higher marriage rates. c. fewer intergenerational households. d. higher divorce rates.
a
The purpose of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is to a. allow more people to become biological parents. b. provide for safe and confidential abortions. c. allow more people to adopt children. d. provide legal rights for homosexual parents.
a
What is one predominant factor in the decline in reported teen sexual intercourse and teen pregnancies since the 1990s? a. comprehensive sex education b. abstinence only programs c. increase in oral sex practices d. less available contraception
a
What is one study's suggestion to increase a woman's sexual satisfaction? a. Create a sexual script in which the woman reaches orgasm before the man. b. Encourage the women to continue to try. c. Place the responsibility for sexual response on the partner. d. Engage only in sexual encounters where love and intimacy are the goal.
a
What type of research would utilize census data to determine statistical facts? a. quantitative b. qualitative c. experimentation d. direct observation
a
Which historical period is marked primarily by the processing of information as a commodity? a. postindustrial b. industrial c. agricultural d. preindustrial
a
Which theory proposes that a "real" family does not exist, but rather, that people make up their ideas of what constitutes a family from the stories and objects around them? a. postmodern theory b. exchange theory c. family systems theory d. conflict theory
a
Who is illustrating sexual dimorphism? a. Larse, who has larger arm muscles than his sister. b. Helda, who has larger arm muscles than her brother. c. Eric, who has larger arm muscles than his brother. d. Blaire, who has larger arm muscles than her sister.
a
Zoe is dealing with a bifurcated consciousness, in that she feels pressure to attend all of her daughter's after-school games and to a. be available at all hours while her company launches a new initiative. b. assist the team coach before and after the games. c. help her daughter establish a strong sense of self-esteem from the sport. d. make sure her daughter is successful in her role on the team.
a
urveys have shown that males are less concerned with female sexual satisfaction during a hookup than when in a committed relationship, but that they tend to expect the same level of satisfaction in either case. What does this illustrate? a. the double standard b. the "low-down" c. pornification d. habituation
a
A male with agentic character traits might be described as someone who a. feels what you feel. b. gets things done. c. has a tender soul. d. is always there for you.
b
A person with anatomical, chromosomal, or hormonal sexual variation from what is considered "normal" and characteristic of the majority of the population is considered to be a. transsexual. b. intersex. c. bisexual. d. homosexual.
b
A research project using a family ecology perspective may be problematic in that the a. focus will probably be on the traditional, nuclear family structure. b. scope may be too broad to be informative. c. participant base may too narrow to produce reliable data. d. time frame lends itself toward standardization of outcomes.
b
A single mother is unable to finish her nursing degree. Attributing this to her need to work long hours to pay the bills reflects a(n) a. interconnected network. b. sociological imagination. c. economic bias. d. postmodern approach.
b
According to research, women are still reluctant to enter engineering fields due to a. the high levels of commitment required. b. a culture of invisible masculinity. c. resistance from university professors. d. biological variations in spatial intelligence.
b
An effect of the "new digital divide" is that children whose parents have postsecondary education are more likely to be engaged in _____ than other children. a. virtual gaming b. online courses c. telecommuting d. volunteer causes
b
Celebrating traditional holidays with one's family as a child leads to a. self-fulfillment b. family identity c. life chances d. structural constraints
b
For socialization to be successful, what must occur? a. overt training b. internalization c. externalization d. automatic conditioning
b
Gilda is a vehement proponent of abolishing marriage altogether because of its inherent inequality. If she had to choose one sociological theory that described her belief system, what would it be? a. family ecology theory b. feminist theory c. postmodern theory d. exchange theory
b
Inez, who moved with her husband to the United States from Mexico, leads a much more independent lifestyle than her sister, who remains in Mexico and continues to have primary responsibility over traditional domestic roles. Her sister's lifestyle may be partially due to the Hispanic ideal of a. the female Madonna. b. male machismo. c. female spheres. d. the male revolutionary.
b
Jackie was terrified of bringing her baby boy home from the hospital, but after just a few days, is totally "in sync" with her son's feelings and involved in every detail of his care. Which hormone is most responsible for her change in behavior? a. estrogen b. oxytocin c. testosterone d. cortisol
b
Mainstream pornography follows some of the same sexual scripts involved in patriarchal sexuality. Specifically, it is considered to be a. pansexual. b. misogynistic. c. neopatriarchal. d. homophobic.
b
Paul does not experience sexual attraction to others. What term describes this behavior? a. celibate b. asexual c. pansexual d. transsexual
b
Researchers who look at a set of data and then draw broad conclusions based on what they see are using a. deductive reasoning. b. inductive reasoning. c. top-down reasoning. d. hypothetical reasoning.
b
The Native American community has recently focused more on child development due to an increase in a. patriarchal leadership on reservations. b. female tribal leaders. c. government assistance to Native Americans. d. traditional family rituals.
b
The continuing double standard of expectations for males and females with regard to various forms of sexual activity is indicative of a. pansexuality. b. patriarchal sexuality. c. expressive sexuality. d. symbolic sexuality.
b
The current trends in the onset of menarche and the age of marriage may cause what additional issue for young women? a. delayed gender identification b. extended time period of potential unmarried sexual activity c. conflicts between family responsibilities and career advancement d. nutritional deficiencies and weight loss into adulthood
b
Two middle-aged couples have both recently sent their last child off to college. One couple consists of two gay, non-Hispanic white males, and the other consists of a Pakistani mother and Indonesian father. Which perspective would tend to come to the same conclusions about how these two couples handle the "empty nest"? a. structure-functional b. family life course development c. interaction-constructionist d. postmodernist
b
What is the most common data-gathering technique in family research? a. naturalistic observation b. interviewing respondents c. focus groups d. clinical case studies
b
What process helps to ensure that published research is objective and verifiable? a. subjective inquiry b. review by "referees" c. secondary analysis d. random sampling
b
Which arrangement illustrates the most prevalent type of household today? a. a husband and wife with children b. a husband and wife with no children c. a single mother or father with children d. cohabiting adults who are not married
b
Which comparison accurately describes behaviors and attitudes surrounding abstinence? a. Teens are more likely to have sex today than 20 years ago. b. Teens are less likely to have sex today than 20 years ago. c. African Americans have the most conservative sexual attitudes of any racial group. d. Atheists are as conservative in their sexual attitudes as are Christians or Hindus.
b
Which family would be described as "working poor"? a. Both parents work part-time and do not have benefits. b. Both parents work full-time but cannot pay their bills. c. One parent works full-time and can pay for necessities but nothing else. d. One parent works part-time while the other cares for the children.
b
Which of the following is an accurate statement with regard to women today in the U.S. government? a. Positions on the United States Supreme Court are equally divided between genders. b. Approximately one-third of the females in Congress are women of color. c. Leadership positions are held exclusively by men. d. Seats in the United States Senate are equally divided between genders.
b
Which of the following population groups currently has the highest incidence of HIV/AIDS diagnosis? a. Native Americans b. African Americans c. Hispanic females d. Hispanic males
b
Which theory would explain that Cinderella was treated badly by her family primarily because she was a stepdaughter and not a blood-related daughter? a. structure-functional theory b. biosocial perspective c. exchange theory d. interaction-constructionist theory
b
"Doing gender" is reflected in how men and women play out the _____ of a given society. a. private schemas b. public sphere c. gender structure d. bifurcated consciousness
c
Cecelia dates casually but refuses to commit or become close. What term describes her attachment style? a. disconnected b. insecure c. avoidant d. independent
c
Clara is a part-time dance teacher with three children and a husband who has had a string of extramarital affairs over the years. Which theory would propose that she stays with her husband because of her lack of independent resources, in spite of his infidelity? a. structure-functional theory b. postmodern theory c. exchange theory d. biosocial theory
c
Dana, a CEO in an influential tech company, spends her Sunday following a traditional female script by cooking a celebration dinner for her father-in-law's 75th birthday. What concept is she illustrating? a. gender bending b. within-group variation c. dramaturgy d. social exchange
c
Historically, society has been resistant to changes in the definition and composition of family because of the influence of a. social mores. b. family traditions. c. social institutions. d. national customs.
c
In a 1983 landmark study, which kind of couple was described as the "least sexualized"? a. heterosexual and married b. heterosexual and cohabitating c. lesbian d. gay males
c
In role sequencing--the order in which major life course transitions take place--which sequence is thought to be best for mental health and happiness? a. delayed exit sequence b. delayed transition sequence c. normative order d. marriage-parenthood-work sequence
c
Lonnie has always considered himself to be a "real" man, inside and out. What concept describes his perception of himself? a. gender differentiation b. sexual character c. gender identity d. sexual role
c
New biological technologies such as fetal DNA mapping a. require blood and urine samples from both parents. b. make kinship of sperm donors more difficult to determine. c. can raise ethical issues with regard to abortion. d. are designed to cure genetic diseases prenatally.
c
Sixteen-year-old Rahul lives with his mother, aunt, and grandparents. This arrangement describes his a. exchange balance. b. fictive kin. c. social structure. d. equilibrium.
c
The exchange model and habituation hypothesis are related in that they both a. propose a variety of solutions for pleasing one's partner. b. indicate the risk of infidelity is greatest before commitment to a relationship. c. measure satisfaction in a relationship in terms of rewards. d. strongly advocate monogamous relationships, whether married or not.
c
The increasing number of binational and transnational families in the United States is a result of a. individualistic values. b. familistic values. c. globalization. d. industrialization.
c
Those who change their physical anatomy and/or physiology through sex-reassignment surgery, or less invasive measures such as hormone therapy, are described as being a. hijiras. b. bisexual. c. transsexual. d. transvestites.
c
What does research indicate about the effectiveness of virginity pledges? a. They delay sexual activity in all participating teens. b. They result in lower pregnancy rates among participating teens. c. They lead to more unprotected sex when sex does occur. d. They result in lower rates of intercourse in young adulthood.
c
What type of research would gather the greatest depth of information on how individuals feel after experiencing a natural disaster? a. quantitative research b. numerical approach c. qualitative research d. computer-assisted analysis
c
Which concept promotes sexual relationships based on equal relationships that are based on desire rather than on procreation? a. patriarchal sexuality b. misogyny c. expressive sexuality d. sexual inclusivity
c
Which is a major function performed by families today? a. providing institutional control b. defining familial hierarchies c. offering emotional security d. defining biological constraints
c
Which term is used in conjunction with sexual identity and sexual orientation and encompasses emotional and physical attractions beyond sexual attraction? a. celibacy b. pansexuality c. affectional orientation d. sexual being
c
Which theory posits that gender roles are learned primarily through modeling and imitation? a. self-identification theory b. gender schema theory c. social learning theory d. cognitive-developmental theory
c
You are embarking on a family research project. What group will determine the safety and necessity of your proposed research study? a. the American Sociological Association b. the American Psychological Association c. an institutional review board d. an elected regional board of family therapists
c
According to research, which type of infidelity is viewed with the most disapproval? a. cyberadultery b. sexual (without emotional) infidelity c. emotional (without sexual) infidelity d. combined sexual and emotional infidelity
d
Hooking up, friends with benefits, and booty calls can imply slightly different behaviors and attitudes. However, research has found that they all have one common factor. What is this? a. emotional investment b. romantic love c. long-term repeat encounters d. presence of alcohol
d
In order to be considered scientific, research must be based on a. group consensus. b. experiential knowledge. c. social characteristics. d. empirical evidence
d
Jacob's dad has been staying out late and coming home drunk for the past several months. He and his mom have compensated by splitting all of the household tasks between the two of them. What theory directly addresses this family dynamic? a. network theory b. biosocial theory c. exchange theory d. family systems theory
d
Manny believes in expressing his emotions freely to his wife, and that being a good husband entails leading his wife through "serving" her and participating in daily decision-making together. According to research, many members of which religious group are practicing this code of conduct today? a. charismatic Catholics b. Latter-day Saints c. fundamentalist Muslims d. conservative Christians
d
Nancy believes that married couples should have sex three times a week, and in the evening with the lights off. This is Nancy's a. sexual identity. b. affectional orientation. c. exchange model. d. sexual script.
d
People who characterize males as rugged and independent and females as emotional and emphatic are engaging in a. sexual reinforcement. b. sexual empowerment. c. gender standardization. d. gender differentiation
d
Political polls that generate data from each of the 50 states without random assignment might generalize the information they gather to the entire country, with a very low probability of error, through a. very large sample populations (one million or more). b. e-mail solicitations of research participants. c. targeted selections from specific regions of the country. d. representative samples of the national population.
d
Pornification in the form of sending pictures to others using a cell phone is called a. hypermasculinity. b. expressive sexuality. c. recreational sex. d. sexting.
d
Recent research on the idea of the male as the family provider in the United States indicates that this role is a. no longer important in today's society. b. the defining view of white, middle-class homosexuals. c. only important to recent immigrants. d. important across racial and ethnic groups.
d
Recent surveys of African American couples indicate that a. African American wives are generally expected to take on the provider role. b. African American husbands help less with domestic duties than husbands in the average household. c. African American wives have lower employment rates than their non-Hispanic white counterparts. d. African American couples prefer more equal role distribution than non-Hispanic white couples.
d
Sarah's workplace provides an attached daycare for the children of its employees. You are exploring the impact of this daycare on the participating families' environment and workplace. What theoretical perspective lends itself to this analysis? a. constructionist b. systems theory c. exchange theory d. family ecology
d
The structural variability among individuals in intimate relationships and families has led many social scientists today to refer to the family as a. extended. b. nuclear. c. nontraditional. d. postmodern.
d
What affectional orientation refers to someone who might potentially be attracted to anyone, regardless of the other person's sexual or gender identities? a. multisexual b. transsexual c. bisexual d. pansexual
d
What have we learned about gender roles from studying foraging and hoe societies? a. Men have more financial power than women when food production duties involve women. b. Men and women are more equal as a society allows for more leisure time. c. Men have more financial power than women in less technologically advanced societies. d. Men and women are more equal when survival depends on both of their contributions.
d
What marked the end of the "first wave" of feminism? a. the Domestic Violence Act b. the founding of NOMA c. the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s d. the attainment of women's suffrage
d
Which data does household wealth, but not household income, take into account? a. monthly salaries b. earned interest c. proceeds from a garage sale d. value of the family residence
d
Which form of research would a scientist use to study the effects of divorce on children over the course of the next 25 years of their lives? a. cross-cultural study b. vertical study c. cross-sectional study d. longitudinal study
d
Which group is more likely to interact (e.g., have conversations, send texts and pictures) and meet sexual partners online? a. heterosexual men b. gay teens c. heterosexual women d. pansexual individuals
d
Which hypothesis proposes that an individual should be well established in a job before getting married, and be well established in a marriage before having children? a. nested structure b. systems boundary c. emerging adulthood d. normative order
d
Which perspective explains high divorce rates as a product of self-serving goals and an inability to commit? a. personal-flexibility perspective b. family-change perspective c. individualistic-integration perspective d. family-decline perspective
d
Which type of family structure predominated in preindustrial societies? a. individualistic b. nuclear family c. postmodern d. extended family
d
Who is considered to be at most risk of contracting an STI? a. a middle-aged married male b. a middle-aged divorced woman c. a single adult male d. an adolescent living in poverty
d
Your roommates are discussing which guy in your dorm is the best example of the "new" modern male. They decide on Brian, who recently a. handled a conflict by making jokes and avoiding any real action. b. took charge of assigning and managing all chores in the dorm. c. pays most of the dating expenses, and does not make sexist jokes with his male friends.. d. defers every major decision in the dorm to the female residents.
d
tudies show that viewing pornography a. is still thought of as disgusting by the majority of Americans. b. decreases the objectification of women. c. does not alter one's sexual preferences. d. may increase sexual satisfaction for married women.
d
