Social Policy

mark rank

"poverty is as american as american pie"

deserving vs. undeserving

"welfare" tradition based on Elizabethan Poor Law: -people included in deserving group were orphaned children, the blind, widowed women, disabled adults, and those who couldnt work at no fault of their own (like being unable to find an apprenticeship or learn a trade) -people included in undeserving poor were vagrants (those having no desire to work) and people who suffered from addiction (esp. alcohol) philosophy: if abled bodied= you should work

1963 social security administration

...

how many get welfare

1 in 8 people

whats wrong with the family cap provision

1)unconstitutional 2)procedural inequalities had right to interfere, vaccine, truancy requisites 1)abstinence education, statutory rap policies, illegitimacy or anti-abortion bonds

Reagan Revolution (who, what, when, did, goals)

40th president, served from 1980-1988 (2 terms), republican candidate (so this refers to the shift the election signals) under him goal-seek limited federal role in social welfare and increased reliance on state and government and private sectors what-pioneered by Ronald Reagan who cut spending food stamps and job programs, rose federal spending drastically, and gave tax cuts to the wealthy to stimulate the economy; a huge gap would form between rich and poor

warning out

A formal practice by which the town's residents banished a person and undertook not to support their financial needs.; encourage to settle else where if look unable to support themselves

AFDC

Aid to Families with Dependent Children - designed during Depression. Helped families where the main wage earner was disabled, dead, or had left the family. name change: TANF 1962

19th amendment

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. leads to state workers' compensation programs, children services, and women's services in 1890-1920

COS

Charity Organization Societies 1.poverty due to moral and character deficiencies 2. eliminate by helping people identify and correct deficiencies 3. charitable organizations needed to cooperate and organize services

political machines

Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party. During the 1800's and early 1900's, some state and local party committees became ________________ dominating party activities. Committee members would promise new recruits money, jobs, and other benefits for joining and voting the straight party ticket. The Democratic Party was especially successful at using this method to recruit immigrants and inner city poor. These groups functioned largely as welfare organizations controlling elections through corrupt means.

working poor

Employed people who consistently earn wages but do not make enough to survive

poor

In a society stratified by social class, a group of people who work for minimum wage or are chronically unemployed

NLRA of 1935

Nation Labor Relations Act of 1935 (aka- Wagner Act): "says workers' can legally form a union and goes on to provide a formal grievance process") *right to form and join unions; to bargain collestively; to strike for better benefits and working conditions; purpose of law is to protect employee; establishes rights for both employers and employee; prohibits unfair labor practices

NIRA of 1933

National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933: "says workers' can legally form a union" designed to stimulate the economy, stabilize prices, control competition, regularize wages, hours, and working conditions. *protects workers' rights to be in labor union/collectively bargain

Josephine Lowell

One of the major leaders of the program in the Charity Organization Society who is pictured on the history website promising that "not one cent" of aid would go directly to the poor ("aid creates dependency")

PRWORA

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act signed by President Clinton. Ended individual entitlement to benefits, and AFDC and JOBS were abolished and replaced by a block grant called TANF. President Clinton's attempt at welfare reform.

New Deal

President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insureance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in U.S. social and economic life.

great society

President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.;, the term for the domestic programs of the Johnson administration

what was the evolution during 1870s-1920s

Rapid-Rural-to-Urban Migration

"supply side" and "trickle down" economis

Reagan's idea that cutting inflation by manipulating and demanding a shift in the economy would be successful (didnt work)

new federalism

Reagan/Nixon "Devolution", Federal-state relationship (idea from Nixon then proposed by Reagan administration) during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments.

relative vs. absolute poverty

Relative Measures: Standard of living relative to others in the community Absolute Measures: Income required for basic essenctials. •Poverty occurs when income is below a prescribed level.

FDR's New Deal

Relief, Recovery, Reform-- relief (jobs, money, welfare, housing, bank recovery) [FDIC - federal deposit insurance corp-- banks needed money to function and people were scared to put $$ into banks after sock market crash so FDIC insures money------ Recovery -- ex: Dustbowl-- CCC planted trees, farmers learned how to plant and harvest to get economy going agian------ Reform-- New Laws to prevent another depression, and regulate stock market (SEC), social security and creating more jobs

TANF

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. A 1996 national act that abolished the longtime welfare policy, AFDC (Aid for Families with Dependent Children) TANF gives the states much more control over welfare policy

three strike law

The application of Mandatory sentencing to give repeat offenders longer prison terms. *made so that you can increase the severity and length of a punishment [like if you go on your 3rd time you'll have more jail time]

feminization of poverty

The increasing concentration of poverty among women, especially unmarried women and their children;, the economic trend showing that women are more likely than men to live in poverty, caused in part by the gendered gap in wages, the higher proportion of single mothers compared to single fathers, and the increasing costs of childcare.

clinton administration

The scaling back of the size and the activities of the federal government which began under the ... is known as Devolution.

LBJ

Vise President to JFK,1963-1969, deomcrat, passed civil rights act of 64, included a program called Great Society, presidency based on vietnam war, passed Gulf of Tonkin and said "to take any measures nessesary",decided to escalate American involvement in Vietnam, proved to be extremely unpopular

under bush 1

a continuization of reagans policy; calls his approach "KINDER,GENTLER, NATION" *views states a laboratories

absolute poverty

a lack of resources that is life-threatening

new federalism

a policy in 1969, that turned over powers and responsibilities of some U.S. federal programs to state and local governments and reduced the role of national government in domestic affairs (states are closer to the people and problems)

Fair Labor Standards Act 1938

aka "wage and hour law" - regulates employee status, overtime pay, child labor, minimum wage, record keeping, and other administrative concerns *Important New Deal labor legislation *the exclusion of agricultural, service, and domestic workers meant that many blacks, Mexican Americans, and women who were concentrated in these sectors—did not benefit from the act's protection.

poverty line

amount of yearly income a family requires to meet its basic needs, according to the federal government

violation crime control and law enforcement act

assault weapon ban does: *extends protection for women *brings in more prison funding *developed 3-strike law

indoor relief

assistance gained when going into a poor house;, helping the poor through shelters/ work houses

scientific charity

becomes a science, less random and arbitrary, imposing a new model on what people consider social chaos, raises questions of who counts are poor? Who are the deserving poor? Based on idea the idleness is learned. (early 20th century); the study of the causes of social problems and the methods to address them emerges in the 1800s; poor house advocates want to provide services, but they want to reduce expenses as well. they want to get able-bodied people to stop reveiving aid, so it would go to those who needed it the most

culture of poverty thesis

belief that poor people, resigned to their position in society, develop a unique value structure to deal with their lack of success; over time you start to accept immoral decisions that are having to be made

maya federman

can measure poor by income article

family cap

child cut off; Under the current 1996 federal welfare law block grant, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), states have discretion to implement a family cap policy.[3] Prior to TANF, under the federal Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) states had to obtain waivers before imposing family cap policies.[4]

charity organization societies

concerned with distinction between deserving&undeserving poor, no direct relief, end poverty cycle, make individual self sufficient

candy store syndrome

culture of povert; sex and immediate gratification helps with the struggles of poverty; presumption that they cant stop because in poverty; reflects a college student; lack of morals and ability to defer immediate gratification

burger barn syndrome

culture of poverty; women choose not to work and to take care of their children instead; rewards of work dont outweigh benefits of raising a family

what did the family plan want

establish paternity (expected to control=family cap provision)

clinton years

goal- budget deficient reduction how- entitlement spending tied to tax increases; discretionary spending is to be capped "END WELFARE AS WE KNOW IT" - PRWORA

when the study of social problems and the methods to address them emerges

in the 1800s (goal provide services - but with less money)

4 explanations for how people become poor

individual level,

what does the poverty line not take into account

inflation, regional variation across the nation, housing/living cost

family cap

is a practice to deny mothers and families who receive welfare assistance further financial assistance after the birth of another child.

family plan

make welfare recipients more responsible for their lives;, nixons welfare reform proposal to give direct relief to poor families

diversionary workshops

meetings you must attend before going on welfare; intened to discourage peopel from applying; women are told its better to work and this should be their last result

work fair

non-paid?

COINED THE TERM SOCIAL POVERTY THESIS

oscar lewis (not correct in explaining the culture poverty thesis and womens reliance on welfare because social conservatives are using it in a way it was not originally intended

social welfare policy

policy is a term that designates a broad and varied range of government programs designed to protect people from want and deprivation, to improve their health and physical well-being, and provide educational and employment training opportunities...etc...

workfare

programs that require welfare recipients to exchange some of their labor in return for benefits

punishments vs rewards of welfare

punishments: time limits, participation rules, other sanctions rewards: supportive services, income disregards, subsidized child care/transportation vouchers/clothing/work supplies/rent/utility

outdoor relief

relief or aid provided to worthy poor in their own homes

passing on

send poor back to their country

constructual constraints

situation made "societal norms" more of a burden and hardship for those in poverty. example: no one was getting married bc there werent any "decent guys"

sanctions

something that forces obedience with a law or rule; women had sanctions if didnt meet requirments to obtain welfare

system screwed me syndrom; systems grouping

the idea that it becomes a right to take advantage and use the system becuase they wont meet your needs; explination of why do what they do

WHAT HAS LEAD TO THE RISE OF SINGLE MOTHERHOOD (TIED TO CHANGES SURROUNDING SEXUALITY AND CHANGES IN MENS ROLES (AND ABILITIES) IN THEIR FAMILY.

the idea that restoring the family and raising children in two parent households brings back the homemaker/breadwinner roles and diminishes single-parent women. (low wage and at work much more) (status of men: page 80)

Lorena Boppit syndrome

the idea that there is a tremendous amount of power in being an independent women; marrying is an economic drain and poor women prefer not to but then are looked down upon

relative poverty

the lack of resources of some people in relation to those who have more

social security 1935

the most famous piece of FDR's New Deal legislation; Created both the Social Security Program and a national assistance program for poor children, usually called AFDC.

devolution

the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality;, the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states

what are the many cultures of poverty

they are the syndromes burger barn syndrome, candy burn, lorana bobit, systems grouping

work force policies

time limits on finding a job and qualifying for welfare (page 22)

symbolic logic to the work plan

to no be conducive

S. Humphrey Gurteen

wanted centralization by getting groups that provided services to create one local center where agencies could meet, compare notes, determine whose worthy of relief, and find any impostors (do this by creating a registry for people receiving public or private assistance. negative: looked at poor as untrustworthy; cheating our system

work plan

women had to accomplish 45 job contacts to get welfare; no secure employment then workfair is required (training, etc.)

how prwora ends welfare

work mandates. time limits, cuts to immigrants