SociologicalYou Answers

Independent variable:

A factor that causes a change in another variable

cultural universals

aspects of culture that are found in all societies

Global estimates are that 40-50 million people make their living from cocoa, with many of the farmers earning less than _____ per day.

$2

Sociology is the scientific study of... (Choose all that apply) - societies - relationships - origin and development of culture - institutions

- Societies - Relationship - Institutions

Which of the following specifically relate to Durkheim's sociological study on suicide? - anomie - social integration - the diagnosis of mental illness among individuals in a community - personal religious views

- anomie - social integration

Which of the following is an example of snowball sampling? - mailing your survey to random people's houses and asking them to fill out your survey - asking your research subjects to give the survey to their friends - posting to facebook wall and ask people to fill out survey - calling random numbers and asking them to fill out survey

- asking your research subjects to give the survey to their friends

The spread of norms, values, knowledge, symbols, and material components from one society to another - cultural lag - popular culture - cultural leveling - cultural diffusion

- cultural diffusion

Which of the following are social structures? (choose multiple) - family - government - capitalism - untied nations

- family - government - capitalism

Which of the following are pros of globalization? (Choose all that apply.) - the relocation of skilled labor force in pursuit of jobs - economic inequality and working conditions that result from efforts to keep manufacturing costs low - increase of business and trade that result in the cheaper imports - societies sharing culture

- increase of business and trade that result in the cheaper imports - societies sharing culture

Which of the following is an example of convenience sampling? - mailing your survey to random people's houses and asking them to fill out your survey - asking your research subjects to give the survey to their friends - posting to facebook wall and ask people to fill out survey - calling random numbers and asking them to fill out survey

- posting to facebook wall and ask people to fill out survey Posting to your Facebook wall is convenience sampling because you are sampling from people based on the ease of accessibility.

Which of the following are counterculture groups in the United States? - skinheads - republicans - hippies - the kkk

- skinheads - hippies - the kkk

Which of the following are quantitative research methods? - surveys - focus groups - experiments - in-depth interviews

- surveys - experiments

Peer review:

A process by which research is evaluated by a group of experts in the scientific subject area

Focus group:

A small group interview or guided discussion using a moderator to gain insight of the participants' opinions on specific topics

Feminist theory:

A view pertaining to anti-oppression, gender relations, and gender inequality, evolved from conflict theory

In 2016, the United Kingdom held a referendum and voted to leave the European Union. This decision impacted the global economy and will have far reaching impacts on all aspects of the British society. Which theory best represents this scenario? A) Functionalist B) Conflict C) Symbolic interaction

A) Functionalist

Social inequality may lead to _____. (Choose all that apply.) - homelessness - lack of access to healthcare - decreased health - higher rates of teen pregnancy - limited quality of education

All of the above Social inequality is the unequal distribution of power, property or prestige in a society. Social inequality impacts all aspects of life. Social inequality benefits those with wealth, while further disadvantaging the poor.

_____________ is the breakdown of individual and community social bonds

Anomie

W.E.B. DuBois

Cofounded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), challenged discrimination in social institutions such as workplace, military, and education

Surveys:

Cost effective and convenient

______________ is judging another culture by one's own standards

Ethnocentrism

Secondary analysis

Existing data is plentiful and the study can be conducted quickly

Longitudinal studies:

Expensive and requires a multi-year commitment

True or False: If researchers are short on time, they can skip steps in the scientific method and still get the same results

False

True or False: Researchers should have a very broad research topic and research question

False Researchers should narrow down their research topic before conducting their study. Choosing a focused research question will help the researchers select the appropriate research design.

True or False: Social structures on college campuses do not contribute to social problems such as binge drinking and sexual assault

False Social structures are the distinctive and stable arrangements of social patterns that form the society as a whole. Binge drinking is perpetuated on college campuses by social structures through expectations, rules, and organizations that normalize excessive consumption of alcohol. Sexual assault rates are high on and off campus as a result of social structures that sexually objectify women in the media.

True or False: Sociology is about using your common sense to understand the social world around you.

False To gain a true understanding of a situation or social problem, an objective sociological analysis of the issue is necessary.

True or False: Sociological theories are complex, difficult to understand, and rarely practical

False Sociological theory is understandable and applicable to your everyday life.

Experiments:

Inability to generalize data

Symbolic interactionalism is a __________________ perspective

Micro-Sociological

Established guidelines and expectations of behavior are ____________.

Norms

Harriet Martineau

Published Society in America

Jane Addams

Published The Hull House, a settlement house provided social services primarily for immigrants in Chicago

_________________ research design collects data using interviews, fieldwork, observation, photos, texts, and other subjective measures

Qualitative

The ________________ approach explores and investigates data though small groups and does not seek to generalize findings

Qualitatives

The _____________ approach uses statistical analysis to generalize findings from a sample to a population

Quantitative

______________ research design collects data using systematic and numerical measures to generalize across groups of people

Quantitative

What type of feminism is most associated with intersectionality (the examination of overlaps between different kinds of oppression)? A) Liberal Feminism B) Radical Feminism C) Marxist/Socialist Feminism

Radical Feminism

Robert Merton

Social Theory and Social Structure, wrote __ functionalist perspective of bureaucracies

What are the eight steps of the scientific method?

Step 1: Define the Question or Problem Step 2: Review the Literature Step 3: Develop Hypotheses Step 4: Choose a Research Design and Methods Step 5: Collect the Data Step 6: Analyze the Data Step 7: Develop Conclusions Step 8: Report Results and Pose New Questions

subcultures

a distinct set of cultural characteristics that are shared by a majority of people in the society

Dependent variable:

a factor that is changed by another variable

Debriefing

a follow-up review of the research

True or False: Globalization as a result of cultural leveling is often opposed by societies and individuals

True

True or False: Max Weber described Verstehen as an empathetic approach to understanding human behavior

True

True or False: There are situations in which cultural relativism is not an appropriate response

True

The extent that the study measures what it claims to measure is know as what?

Validity Validity is the extent that the study measures what it claims to measure. Reliability is the extent to which a study yields the same result on repeated studies.

_________________ is an empathetic approach to sociological research and human behavior

Verstehen

Postmodern theory:

a critical view rejecting the historical, scientific, and structured means of investigating and interpreting the social world.

Queer theory:

a critical view that rejects the traditional categories of gender, sex, and sexuality in contemporary society

ethnography

a descriptive account of social life and culture in a particular social system derived from the researcher being embedded over a period of time within the group, organization, or community.

Participant observation

a method in which the researcher takes part in the social phenomenon being studied

Snowball sampling:

a process in which people in the group being studied introduce the researcher to other people to study

Time Diary Method:

a research method in which subjects literally track their actions at various points in time over a number of days

Convenience sampling:

a research sample that is based on the ease of accessibility of the research subjects

Survey

a series of questions used to extract specific information from respondents

Code of ethics

a set of guidelines of appropriate behavior established by an organization for its members to follow

Informed consent:

a signed statement by participants indicating full knowledge of the risks involved and acknowledgment of the procedures to willingly withdraw from the study at any time

representative sample:

a subset of the population whose characteristics accurately reflect those of the larger population from which it is drawn.

verbal language

a system of spoken written words

Content analysis

a systematic method of assigning codes to text, video, and music to analyze and infer patterns

Hypothesis

an educated guess about a relationship between two or more situations, events, or factors

symbol

an idea or object that has shared meanings to groups of people

In-depth interview

an one-on-one open ended method that probes for deeper meaning and understanding of the responses of the interviewer

technological determinism

belief that society technology drives the development of its social structures

An in-depth analysis of a particular person, place, or event over a significant period of time is a ________________

case study

values

collective ideas about what is desirable or undesirable in a society

Anonymity:

concealing the identities of participants within the research project

high culture

consists of cultural characteristics associated w high society

___________________ is the influence and power of another country's culture upon as a result of importing goods and service

cultural imperialism

The socially learned and shared ideas, behaviors and material components of a society is _______________

culture

The ______________ represents the beliefs and interest of the majority

dominant ideology

Manifest functions (Emile Durkheim):

intentional and formally sanctioned functions of social institutions and society

taboos

formal norms that violated cause revulsions and most severe social sanctions

counter cultures

groups that are in opposition or contrast

confidentiality:

guarding who has the right of access to the data provided by the participants

nonmaterial culture

ideas and symbols that represent components of society

beliefs

ideas generally held to be true in society

folkways

informal and common norms that guide everyday behavior

mores

informal norms based upon moral and ethical factors

Material and nonmaterial aspects of society that are outside us, but greatly influence our way of thinking and behaving in the society - cultural relativism - cultural universals ethnocentrism - social facts

social facts

Sociological imagination:

the ability to see the details of our own lives in the context of larger social structures as opposed to merely personal choices or personal troubles

real culture

the actual behavior of members of society

dominant ideology

the beliefs and interest of the majority

Social structures:

the distinctive and stable arrangements of social patterns that form the society as a whole

Objectivity

the effort to eliminate bias from the research

sustainability

the idea that current and future generations should have equal or greater access to social, economic, and environmental resources

Ideal culture

the ideals and values that a society professes to believe

cultural imperialism

the influence and power of another country's culture upon a country as a result of importing goods and services

cultural transmission:

the means by which culture is passed from generation to generation

material culture

the physical artifacts that represent components of society, and nonmaterial culture , ideas and symbols that represent components of society,

Proletariat (Karl Marx):

the poor, propertyless, industrial working class

Sociological perspective:

the process of understanding and explaining how individuals and groups interact within society

Longitudinal design:

the repeated observation of the same subjects over a duration of time

Social change:

the social forces that change the organization and social structures of society

Social problems:

the societal level conditions that harm segments of society

Experimental group:

the subjects exposed to the independent variable

Control group:

the subjects who are not exposed to treatment and are used as a reference group

groupthink

the tendency of group members to yield to the desire of consensus rather than expressing individual or alternative ideas

Hawthorne effect

the tendency of people to change their behavior when they know they are being watched.

Dysfunction (Emile Durkheim):

the undesirable disruptions of social patterns and resulting negative consequences within society

Secondary analysis:

the use of data previously collected for other purposes

Experiment

the use of two or more groups in which one group is exposed to a factor being examined

Bourgeois (Karl Marx):

the wealthy class

cultural relativism

understanding another cultural from their standards

Latent functions (Emile Durkheim):

unintentional and informally sanctioned functions of social institutions and society

language

words and symbols used to communicate