Sociology chapter 3 & guided reading
Status
"I am a socially defined position in a group or in society."
Achieved status
"I am acquired through a person's own direct efforts."
Ascribed
"I am assigned according to qualities beyond a person's control."
Master status
"I take rank above all others of my type."
Wars, disagreements within similar groups, legal disputes, ideology clashes (religion or political ideas) - not always negative- can reinforce boundaries that can be forgotten about, can also strengthen loyalty within groups
4 sources of conflict
Exchange, cooperation, conflict, competition, accommodation
5 types/reasons of social interaction
Exchange
A person providing directions to someone who is lost
Mediation
A third party is used to mediate and help two parties in conflict or competition come to an understanding
Arbitration
A third party makes a decision that is binding on both parties involved in competition or conflict, used when negotiation and mediation fails
Master status
Achieved or ascribed status that plays the greatest role in shaping ones personality and social identity
Ascribed status
An ASSIGNED status based on qualities and characteristics that the individual does not have control over
Role conflict
An employee and a parent needing both to go to work and to take care of a sick child is experiencing __________
Status
Being a student, a daughter, a sister, an African American,and a member of a sports team are all examples of __________
Exchange theory
Belief that people are motivated by self-interest when interacting with others
Role sets
Each of us, because we hold more than one status, must deal with many __________ in our daily lives
Accommodation
Employers and labor unions settling wage disputes through a third party
patients from getting sick
Examples of role performance
Exchange theory
Explains that people interact with others mainly to serve their own self-interest
Compromise, truce, mediation, arbitration
Four types of accommodation
Role conflict
Fulfilling role expectations of one status makes it hard to fulfill role expectations of other statuses
Role set
Group of different roles that assigned to a single status
Reciprocity
Idea that if you do something for someone, that person owes you something in return
Conflict
One business attempting to undermine a rival business
Cooperation
People coming together to build houses for the homeless
Achieved status
Status ACQUIRED through their own direct efforts
Social status
Statuses and roles that guide interaction
Truce
Temporary agreement that brings a half to the competition or conflict
Role
The behavior expected of someone occupying a particular status
Role set
The different roles attached to a single status
Role exit
The process people go through to detach from a role
Competition
Two basketball teams playing for the championship title
Compromise
Two parties at odd ends each giving something to come to a mutual agreement, long lasting or permanent
Ascribed, achieved, master
What are the 3 types of statuses?
Role strain
When a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status
Competition
When two or more people or groups oppose each other to achieve a goal that only one can attain
Achieved status
__________ are based on an individual's abilities, efforts, or accomplishments
Accommodation
a state of balance between cooperation and conflict
Role performances
actual behaviors that happen within a status
Conflict
deliberate attempt to control someone by force, to oppose someone, or to harm another - main emphasis is to defeat the other person/ group involved in the conflict - few rules of conduct to follow- followed even less often
Role strain
difficulties meeting a role expectation of a single status - sometimes due to meeting separate role expectations of the same status
Role
expected behavior of someone occupying a particular status - multiple roles assigned to a single status
Exchange
interaction by people in an effort to receive a return, normally a reward, for their actions - most common form of social interaction; happens almost daily
Social structure
network of interrelated statues and roles that guide ones social interaction
Status
socially defined position in a group or in a society - social categories - define how and why others fit into society
Role expectations
specific behaviors expected based on particular status
Accommodation
status of balance cooperation and conflict or competition - helps ensure social stability - give a little, take a little- compromise
Competition
two or more people or groups that oppose each other to achieve something only one of them can attain - much more common in Western societies - rules of accepted conduct while in competition - main emphasis is achieving the goal both groups are trying to attain
Cooperation
two or more people or groups work together to achieve a goal that benefits more than one person - often used with other forms of interaction - often can turn into competition or conflict - no group can achieve tasks or goals without cooperation
Role conflict
when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status
Cooperation
when two or more people or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit more than one person
