Syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea
RPR
After treatment for syphilis, the patient will always have antibodies, so this test will always be positive.
tertiary syphilis
Approximately 30 percent of people with untreated syphilis will develop to this stage within 10-30 years.
gonorrhea
Azithromycin in combination with ceftriaxone are used together to treat this STI.
pregnant, 25, new, multiple
Because chlamydia is often asymptomatic, the CDC recommends testing all women who are _____, younger than ___, or with a _____ sexual partner or _____ sexual partners.
dual therapy
Because gonorrhea and chlamydia often occur together, the CDC recommends _____ _____ if only one is detected.
gonorrhea
Because specimens for this are sensitive for environmental change, specimens must be delivered to the lab immediately.
chlamydia
Because these infections are often asymptomatic, the CDC recommends testing for all women who are pregnant, women younger than 25, and women with a new sexual partner or multiple sexual partners.
syphilis
Because this shares symptoms with many diseases, clinical history and lab results are important. Conclusive diagnosis is made by direct identification of the spirochete obtained from a lesion.
women
Chlamydia and gonorrhea frequently do not cause symptoms in _____.
genitals, eyes, mouth
Chlamydia usually affects the _____ and _____. But it can also occur in the _____.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
Complications of these include - pelvic inflammatory disease - ectopic pregnancy - endometritis - infertility
chlamydia
Complications of this bacterial infection includes conjunctivitis and perihepatitis.
postules, petechia, arthritis, endocarditis
Disseminated gonococcal infectionis a complication of gonorrhea that can be life threatening and occurs when it spreads systemically, causing skin _____, _____, septic _____, or _____.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
Epididymititis is associated with what?
genitals, rectum, throat
Gonorrhea can cause infections of these three places.
birth
Gonorrhea can infect children during _____.
dysuria, urethral discharge, testicles
Gonorrhea symptoms in men include - _____ - purulent _____ ______ - painful/swollen ______
asymptomatic, discharge, dysuria, urination, cervix, urethra, discharge
Gonorrhea symptoms in women are - may be _____ - vaginal _____ - _____ - frequent _____ - redness and swelling of the _____ or the _____ - purulent _____
4-12 weeks
How soon does the rash subside in secondary syphilis.
6-12 months
How soon should patients follow up after treatment for syphilis?
1 week - 6 months
How soon will primary syphilis turn to secondary syphilis marked by the emergency of rash involving the trunk and extremities, including the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet?
ceftriaxone, 250, IM, azithromycin, PO, 1 gram
If a patient tests positive for gonorrhea they are given two antibiotics -- one for gonorrhea and one for chalmydia. They are given ______ in a single ___ mg dose given __. And they are given _____ via the __ route in an amoutn equalling __ _____.
doxycycline, tetracycline
If the patient is allergic to penicillin, then either of these two antibiotics are used.
chlamydia
If this affects your eyes, you may have redness, itching, or discharge.
chlamydia
If this infects the cervix, it often produces not symptoms, but cervical discharge, dyspareunia (painful intercourse), dysuria, and bleeding may occur.
Jarisch Herxheimer reaction
If this occurs in antibiotic treatment for syphilis, it is harmless.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
In addition to penile discharge and burning on urination, men with this often report painful, swollen testicles.
gonorrhea
In both men and women, this STI is associated with - arthritis - bloodstream infection
chancres
In syphilis, these are firm, round, and painless.
chancres
In the primary stage of syphilis, these can be found at the point of contact, including the genitals, anus, rectum.
latency
In this period of syphilis, there are no signs or symptoms, but it can be interrupted by a recurrence of secondary syphilis symptoms.
STIs
Infections caused by organisms not generally considered _____ can be spread through sexual contact.
STIs
Infections with one of these suggests the possibility of infections with others.
tertiary syphilis
It is estimated that between 20 and 40 percent of those infected do not exhibit signs and symptoms in this final stage of syphilis.
chlamydia
It is recommended that women get retested for this after 3-6 months due to the risk of PID and reproductive issues.
gloves, hand hygiene
Lesions of primary and secondary syphilis are contagious, so _____ should be warn and ____ ____ performed.
ophthalmia neonatorum, pneumonia
More than 50 percent of newborns will develop _____ _____ or _____ after perinatal (around the time of birth) exposure to chlamydia.
chlamydia
More than 50 percent of newborns will develop opthalmia neonatorum or pneumonia after perinatal (around the time of birth) exposure to this STI.
chlamydia
No sex for 7 days after treatment for this.
treatment, serological
Patients with syphilis should refrain from sexual activity until after _____ and _____ testing.
2-3 weeks
Primary syphilis occurs how long after initial inoculation.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
Samples for these come from - endocervical canal - male urethra - anal canal - pharynx
chlamydia
Signs and symptoms of this in men include (class) - burning and frequent urination - penile discharge - swollen/painful testicles - rectal pain, discharge, and bleeding if it occurs there
chlamydia
Signs and symptoms of this in women include (class) - vaginal discharge - burning or painful urination - abdominal and low back pain - nausea and fever - painful intercourse - vaginal bleeding between periods
gonorrhea
Symptoms of this STI in women are - may be asymptomatic - vaginal discharge and dysuria - frequent urination - redness/swelling of the cervix or urethra - purulent discharge
neurosyphilis
Symptoms of this in syphilis include severe headache, difficulty with muscle movement, paralysis of certain parts of the body, numbness, and dementia.
sexual, cogenitally
Syphilis can be spread through _____ contact and _____ from a mother to child.
T pallidum
Syphilis is an acute and chronic infection caused by the bacteria _____, a spirochete.
false
T/F: Isolation in a private room is necessary for syphilis.
syphilis, HIV
Testing for _____ and _____ should be offered if a patient has chlamydia or gonorrhoea because STIs increase the risk of other STIs.
syphilis
Testing for this is mandatory in all pregnancies.
doxycycline, azithromycin
The CDC recommends treating chalmydia with a single ______ for 1 week or with a single dose of ______.
chlamydia
The CDC recommends treating this with doxycline for 1 week or a single dose of azithromycin.
3-12 weeks
The chancre of primary syphilis usually heals with or without treatment after how long?
gonorrhea
The following are symptoms of what STI? - dysuria - purulent urethral discharge - painful/swollen testicles
women
The greatest risk of chlamydia and gonorrhea infection occurs in young _____ between 15 and 25 years of age.
secondary syphilis
The patient has a sore throat. What stage of syphilis does this suggest?
secondary syphilis
The patient has arthritis. What stage of syphilis does this suggest?
secondary syphilis
The patient has fever. What stage of syphilis does this suggest?
secondary syphilis
The patient has hair loss, weight loss and malaise. What stage of syphilis does this suggest?
secondary syphilis, tertiary syphilis
The patient has meningitis. What stage of syphilis does this suggest?
secondary syphilis
The patient has swollen lymph nodes, what stage of syphilis does this suggest?
penicillin G
The patient receiving this for syphilis is monitored for 30 minutes after injection for possible allergic reaction.
HIV
The possibility of this infection should be pursued when any STI is diagnosed.
secondary syphilis
The rash of this stage of syphilis emerges 1 week to 6 months after the chancre.
secondary syphilis
The rash of this stage of syphilis results in chancres over the trunk and extremities. Contact with the chancres can spread the bacteria the others.
men
These are more likely to have symptoms when infected with gonorrhea and chlamydia.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
These are reportable STIs.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
These are the most common causes of endocervitis
STIs
These are the most common type of infectious disease in the United States and are epidemic in most parts of the world.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
These can cause epididymitis, leading to infertility in men.
condoms
These have been shown to reduce but not eliminate the risk of transmission of HIV and other STIs.
cultures
These should be obtained from all sexual partners when a person is diagnosed with chlamydia or other STIs and repeated after two weeks.
FTA-ABS, MHA-TP
These tests are used to verify rapid plasma reagin tests in syphilis screenings.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
These two STIs often occur together.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
These two that often occur together are reportable, so the health department must be notified when they are detected for follow-up.
syphilis
This acute and chronic bacterial infection can be spread by sexual contact or can be congenital in origin, spread from a mother to child.
syphilis
This acute and chronic bacterial infection is curable, but the damage caused by it cannot be reversed.
syphilis
This bacterial infection is divided into three stages reflecting the time from infection and the clinical manifestations observed in that period, which are the basis for treatment.
serological tests
This can be used to identify secondary or tertiary syphilis but it requires clinical correlation and interpretation.
congenital syphilis
This can cause prematurity, stillbirth, and congenital defects.
gonorrhea
This causes inflammation around the cervix, which may leave the woman more vulnerable to HIV infection.
perihepatitis
This complication of chlamydia is when it causes inflammation around the liver.
conjunctivitis
This complication of chlamydia is when the bacterium spreads the the eye.
ocular syphilis
This is a clinical manifestation of neurosyphilis that can affect almost any eye structure and can lead to decreased visual acuity, including permanent blindness.
disseminated gonococcal infection
This is a complication of gonorrhea that can be life threatening and occurs when it spreads systemically, causing skin pustules, petechia, septic arthritis, or endocarditis.
Jarisch Herxheimer reaction
This is a reaction to endotoxin-like products released by the death of harmful microorganisms within the body during antibiotic treatment - can occur treatment of syphilis with penicillin G
gumma
This is a soft, non-cancerous growth resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis. It is a form of granuloma. It most commonly found in the liver, but can also be found in brain, heart, skin, bone, testis, and other tissues, leading to a variety of potential problems including neurological disorders or heart valve disease.
syphilis
This is an acute and chronic infections caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum.
pelvic inflammatory disease
This is an inflammation of the pelvic cavity that may begin with cervicitis and involve the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, or pelvic vascular system.
syphilis
This is called the "great imitator" because its symptoms are similar to the flu, and it's hard to detect unless you see chancres.
penicillin G
This is given in a single IM injection of 2.4 mg if it is being used to treat early or latent syphilis of less than 1 year's duration.
endomitritis
This is inflammation of the lining of the uterus that can occur with gonorrhea and chlamydia.
epididymitis
This is inflammation of the tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm often causing pain and swelling of the testes and often causing infertility, often caused by gonorrhea and chlamydia.
syphilis
This is spread through sexual contact, close body contact, kissing, congenitally and contact with sores.
penicillin G
This is the medication of choice for early syphilis treatment or latent syphilis of less than 1 year's duration.
congenital syphilis
This is when a mother passes syphilis to her unborn child.
disseminated gonococcal infection
This is when gonorrhea spreads through the body, can be life threatening and cause endocarditis, go the the brain, or spinal cord.
expedited partner therapy
This is when the infected partner is given two prescriptions, one for the partner, in the treatment of chlamydia.
syphilis
This must be reported to state or local health departments for follow-up care.
latency
This occurs after the secondary stage of syphilis in which a person who is infected has no signs or symptoms.
aortitis
This occurs in tertiary syphilis when layers of the arota die, eventually leading to an aortic aneurysm.
latency
This period of syphilis lasts more than a year and is noninfectious, but the bacteria can be transferred to the fetus.
Jarisch Herxheimer reaction
This presents as fever, mallaise, headache. The patient may think she has the flu early in antibiotic treatment for syphilis.
neurosyphilis
This refers to when syphilis infects the central nervous system. It can occur at any stage but most commonly it is is a sign of tertiary syphilis.
Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)
This serological test for syphilis looks for antibodies. It is quick, but it can provide false positives.
secondary syphilis
This stage of syphilis is highly contagious.
secondary syphilis
This stage of syphilis is marked by flu-like symptoms and a rash involving the trunk and extremities, including the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
secondary syphilis
This stage of syphilis is marked by signs of generalized infection including - lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) - arthritis - meningitis - hair loss - fever - malaise - weight loss As well as a generalized weight loss.
tertiary syphilis
This stage of syphilis most commonly presents as aortitis and neurosyphilis as evidenced by dementia, psychosis, paresis, stroke, and meningitis.
primary syphilis
This stage of syphilis occurs 2-3 weeks after the initial inoculation.
secondary syphilis
This stage of syphilis occurs when the bacteria spreads from the original chancre in the blood to become a generalized infection.
primary syphilis
This stage of syphilis presents as a painless lesion at the site of infection, known as a chancre, which usually heals with or without treatment in 3-12 weeks.
tertiary syphilis
This stage of syphilis presents as a slowly progressive inflammatory disease with the potential to affect multiple organs.
chlamydia
This usually affects the genitals and eyes.
urine sample, swab
To diagnose gonorrhea a _____ _____ or ____ is used. Treatment is frequently started before the lab results are available.
pregnancies
Treating syphilis is mandatory in all _____ to prevent congenital syphilis.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
Untreated, these can cause PID, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
Untreated, this can spread to the fallopian tubes and uterus, leading to serious complications, including PID, an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, and infertility.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
When symptoms of these are present (they frequently aren't) they include micropurulent cervicitis with exudates in the inner cervical canal.
chlamydia, gonorrhea
When symptoms of these are present in men, they include burning on urination and penile discharge.
penicillin G
When this is used to treat late latent or latent syphilis of unknown duration, it is given in three injections at 1 week intervals.
IM, 2.4
When used to treat early or latent syphilis of less than 1 year's duration, penicillin G is given in a single __ dose of __ mg.
tetracycline
Women who are pregnant and diagnosed with either gonorrhea or chlamydia are cautioned not to take this antibiotic, because it is a teratogen.
