Test One: People

Wade Nobles

Improved the conceptualization of self from an AA perspective. Personal identity, esteem, and worth are tied to identity. (I am because we are) How African philosophy works in day-to-day life, a lot of traditional philosophies are only possible in isolation, enrichment and betterment of African men and women

Kenneth Clark

• 1950 report on racial discrimination that was cited in the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision • Dissertation: Some Factors Influencing the Remembering of Prose Materials • 1st Black PhD in psychology at Columbia • 1st African American professor at City College of New York • 1st African-American president of APA in 1970 & SPSSI • Prejudice and Your Child (1955), Dark Ghetto (1965), A Possible Reality (1972), and Pathos of Power (1974).

Inez Prosser

• 1st African American Woman to receive her PhD in psychology • Graduated from University of Cincinnati in 1933 • Her dissertation received a huge amount of recognition • Dissertation: The Non-Academic Development of Negro Children in Mixed and Segregated Schools • Texas Roots: Graduated with distinction from Samuel Huston with a major in education • Received a degree in teacher training from Prairie View Normal College

Charles Henry Thompson

• 1st PhD in Educational Psychology in 1925 from the University of Chicago • Instructor of psychology and social science at Sumner High and Junior College from 1925-1926 • Professor of Education, Dean of the Graduate School, & Dean of the College of Liberal Arts at Howard University • Editor in chief of Journal of Negro Education

Janet Helms

• Contributed to multiracial counseling, race relations, and racial identity theory and development • Developed the racial attitude identity scale (RAIS)

Francis C. Sumner

• First African American to receive a Ph.D. in Psychology (1920) • Sumner established an independent department of psychology at Howard University in 1930. • Dissertation: "Psychoanalysis of Freud and Adler." • During his career he studied the attitudes of Blacks and Whites towards the administration of justice

Reginald Jones

• Graduated from Ohio State University with a Ph.D. in psychology in 1959 • Black Psychology (1972/2004) • His career focused on children with special needs, the gifted, and especially the psychological experiences of the African American community. • In 2003 the APA gave him its Distinguished Career Contributions to Education and Training in Psychology Award and its Lifetime Achievement Award for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues. • Published more than 20 books on black psychology • 1st black psych book published

Robert Guthrie

• Guthrie sought to level the academic playing field by writing "Even the Rat Was White: A Historical View of Psychology." • Dr. Guthrie earned his PhD in 1970 at U.S. International University. • National Archives of American Psychology honored Guthrie as the first African-American psychologist to deposit his papers there. • In part-time private practice with five other African-American psychologists in San Diego, he focused on the needs of the minority community. • Has held several teaching positions and studied multicultural issues as a senior research psychologist in Washington, D.C.

James Jones

• He received his Ph.D. in social psychology from Yale University in 1970 • Established the Public Interest Directorate (serving as its first executive director), APA's Office of Ethnic Minority Affairs, and Board for the Advancement of Psychology in the Public Interest, & Office of HIV/AIDS. • Prejudice and Racism, (1972/1997); A Compelling Interest: Weighing the Evidence on Racial Dynamics in Higher Education (2004); Reflecting on the Nature of Prejudice (2004). • TRIOS Model

William Cross

• Worked on the development of racial and ethic identity • Did the Nigrescence model • Every stage has specific reactions • Racial identity theory

Asa Hillard

Developed systems of testing for African American children and consulted with many school systems that were challenging these systems to eliminate testing bias against black children—studied ancient African systems and believed in it a lot

Joseph Baldwin

Disguised African-centered and non-African-centered theories on African personalities, African-Self consciousness scale, black-owned media

Linda James Meyer

Optimal worldview and African Psychology, promotes social change for all repressed groups, OW encourages everyone to appreciate diversity

Na'im Akbar

effects of oppressions on African Americans, "alien-self disorder," 3 perspectives: Eurocentric black and African

Mamie Phipps-Clark

• In 1934 she enrolled at Howard University where she met her future husband, Kenneth B. Clark, (then) a master's student in psychology. • There were no Black women on the Psychology faculty at Howard. • She received her doctorate in 1943 from Columbia. • Dr. Henry E. Garrett, her adviser at Columbia strongly believed that whites and Blacks had different mental abilities and assumed that Clark would return to the South to become a high school teacher. • Even after conducting, publishing and presenting significant research and earning her Ph.D., Mamie had difficulty finding work as a psychologist.

Margaret Beale Spencer

• Played a large role in understanding the development of black children • Children as young as 3 are impacted by racial issues • Work focuses on identity, resiliency, and adaptive development

Ruth Howard

• Ruth Howard had a long career that Encompassed social work, nursing education, & developmental and clinical psychology. • Graduated from Univ. of Minnesota in 1934 • Dissertation: A study of the development of triplets. 229 ranging in age from early infancy up to 79 years. • From 1940 to 1964, Howard served the African-American community. She and her husband were co-directors for the Center for Psychological Services • She helped organize the National Association of College Women

Joseph L. White

• While at Long Beach State College, the media called him--as one of the only black psychologists they could find in the area--to comment on the Race riots. • "Toward a Black Psychology" appeared in Ebony Magazine in 1970 • The Psychology of Blacks (1990)