texas history exam 1
Which Indian Tribe used dugout tree trunks for canoes?
The Atakapaka and Badias
In 1779, the "old stone fort" was built in which of the four permanent settlements in Texas?
Nagadoches
In exchange for his life, the Treaties of Velasco was signed by Santa Anna on May 14th, 1836, which included what?
-fighting would end -Mexican armies south of rio grande -mexico would not age war on U.S again -Texas promised not to follow the retreating Mexican armies
What were the specific cultural practices of most Native Americans in Texas?"
- men spent most of their time hunting, fishing, and preparing for war - virtually all believed in supernatural powers of healers or shaman - family and kinship were the basis for social organization -sharing responsibility for the training of children that began at a very early age
Santa Anna chose who to be a part of his three-ponged movement trough heart of Texas?
-Antonio Ganoa -Jose de Urrea -Vicente Filisola
The Coahuila y Texas State Colonization Law of 1825 gave American immigrants access to cheap land for what specifics?
-a league for pastor -a labor for cultivation -oath of allegiance to Mexican gov. and Coahuila y Texas state -had to be Christian -land acquired only through empasarios
Why did Santa Anna order a "siesta" on April 21st, 1836?
-advantage in men -did not think Houston would fire back
What did Spanish missionaries force Indians to do?
-attend catholic church -work in the fields and maintain cattle stock -learn the Spanish language
What were some of the many opinions on why Texas Revolution took place?
-citizens should have absolute authority over military -Anglo-American conspiracy -cultural and ethnic differences -failure of mexico to establish a stable and democratic
What was the "American Triad" or the "Three Sisters"?
-corn (maize), beans squash -60% of worlds food supply today -other crops: melon, tomatoes, onions
During the Runaway Scrape, what challenged did General Sam Houston face?
-didn't have enough Texans -men were poorly equipped, trained, and supplied -learned Santa Anna's men were on the move
Who was Antonio Lopez De Santa Anna and what was he known for?
-fought with insurgents during Mexican Revolution -Turned against Itribune in 1822 group -brutal treatment -supported republic known as Plan Le Casa Mata
In 1835, how did Santa Anna become dictator of Mexico?
-he had the support of Catholics, Centralists and Military in Mexico -he was very popular -he had a military coup
On September 18th, 1835, General Martin Perfecto de Cos landed with 300 men, at Capano Ba, announcing what intentions?
-he would punish rebellious Texans -he would drive out all Americans
Why did Santa Anna's senior officer want to wait on attacking the Alamo until 12-pound siege cannons arriving on March 7th?
-many Mexicans would die -the Alamo walls were crumbling and no reinforcements had arrived -Alamo Garrison would soon be out of food, provisions, and water
In what ways did American settlers cause problems by not acclimating themselves to Mexican culture?
-many rejected Catholic Religion -many brought slaves not "indentured servants" -many had racial biased towards Tejanos and Mexicans, believing they were inferior
Why did Austin not have support of Texans and what was his mission when he left Texas?
-they doubted where his intentions lied -to get support from the US
The imperial Colonization law of January, 1823 allowed 300 families to settle in Texas with what conditions?
-they must become Mexican Citizens -they must become catholic -no slave trade allowed
Texas Colonists, near Anahuac, made the Turtle Bayou Resolutions on June 13th , 1832 declaring what?
-they were Federalists, not traitors -claimed "constitutional rights" under Mexican Constitution of 1824 -disliked Bradburn and military rule over civilian Authority -expressed support for Federalist Antonio Lopez de Austin
Spanish conquistadors had what advantages when fighting against the Native Americans?
-weapons made of copper and bronze -superior numbers -bow and arrows -tomahawks -small canoes -90% death rate due to disease
Who was Estevan and what did he do?
A slave, member of de Vaca's expedition, survived his ordeal in Texas most likely the first A.A in Texas, claimed to know locations of 7 cities Cibola or gold
in 1519, which Spanish explorer led expedition that mapped Texas Gulf Coast, between Florida and southern coast of Mexico?
Alvarez De Pineda
On June 26th, 1832, where did the first military action of undeclared Texas Revolution take place?
Brazorio River
Who led 125 Texans in attack and capture of Goliad on the late night October 9th and early morning of October 10th, 1835?
Captain George M. Collinsworth
What is the best description of political views in Mexico during the 1820s and 1830s?
Centralists (confederates) Federalists (liberals)
Why did fighting break out Mexican Dragons and citizens of Gonzales on October 2nd, 1835?
Citizens resisted efforts to take back cannon that Mexican army loaned them
Who made the assessment to fortify the Alamo with 21 cannon, making it formidable and defended Eastern Texas?
Col. James C. Neil
What was the significance of the question, "who will go with old Ben Milam into San Antonio"?
Col. Milam convinced 300 Texans to attack and take San Antonio
During the Historic Era, what were the Plains Indians in Texas?
Comanche, Kiowa, Apache, Tonkawa
What was the Neutral Ground Agreement?
Created an informal buffer region in disputed border area between Spanish Texas and U.S Louisiana
Who was Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and what did he do?
Creole Spanish priest who wrote Girole De Delores this document began Mexican Independence Movement, massacred or exiled any Spanish that opposed him
In early Texas society, what was the name of Spanish people that were born in America?
Criollos
What was the significance of the Battle of Nueces Crossing, which took place on November 4th, 1835?
Cut general Cos' supply and communication line from Matamoros to San Antonio, Cos realized he would not be able to take the Goliad
Before changing the name of the Mission San Francisco de los Tejan in 1716, who established the first Spanish mission in Texas in 1690?
Damien Massenet
Who was James Long and what did he do?
Established boundary between Spanish and U.S territory in Northern America, merchant raised 500,000 recruiting troops to volunteer for the military
Who was chosen to lead an expedition to find the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola or Gold?
Fray Marcos De Niza
On February 18th, 1836, who did Santa Anna order to take southern, Atascosito Rd. and was most competent officer in the Mexican Army?
General Jose de Urrea
In 1829, who founded the first newspaper in Texas, the Texas Gazette?
Godwin B. Cotton
Where were the first military engagement during the Texas Revolution?
Gonzales, Texas
Which empasario gained a grant in April 1825, which led to 400 families settling between Guadalupe and Lavaca Rivers?
Green Dewitt
In 1824, who was the revolutionary that originally followed Father Hildago, but never supported Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's Plan de Casa Mata, becoming the first president of the Republic of Mexico?
Guadalupe Victoria
Who represented Texas at the constitution convention, in Mexico city, when the Mexican Federal Consitution of 1824 was ratified?
Jaun Maria Esramo Seguin
When did Colonel Portilla carry Santa Anna's order of execution for Goliad prisoners, known as the Goliad Massacre?
March 27th 1836
Who did Spanish King Charles III appoint to inspect northern frontier in New Spain, which led to a 1768 report?
Marquis De Rubi
Which French trader led an expedition into eastern Texas, opening trade with the Caddo tribes before getting arrested by Spanish?
Louis Jucherean de Saint-Denis
Who was Jose Mexia and what did he do?
Mexican general and politician, served as secretary of legation of mexico in Washington, became one of the founders of Galveston
What was the significance of the Fredonian Rebellion?
Mexican gov. felt the Americans were up to no good (thought they were trying to steal texas)
Who was the Aztec King that welcomed the Spanish into Tenochtitlan in November, 1519?
Montezuma
Who received the first Spanish empresario gran that allowed American settlers to move into Texas?
Moses Austin
American Federalists in Texas were angry with Mexico, leading the "War Party" to do what?
Persuaded Texans to use armed resistance
Who was the first American Filibuster, an adventurer trying to incite revolutions in Latin American States, in Texas?
Phillip Nolan
By the end of 1836, Santa Anna met with whom and he ended up fulfilling what promises?
President Andrew Jackson, he didn't fufill his promises
In 1718, where was the important Spanish mission, The Alamo, along with presidio, established?
San Antonio
In late December, 1835, why do historians think Santa Anna should have taken the southern road?
San Antonio was not a real threat, and few men were there
Where was the only Spanish missions destroyed by an Indian attack, in Texas?
San Baba
Who ruled that the Convention of 1832, held on October 1st, 1832 in San Felipe de Austin, was unauthorized and illegal?
Ramon Musquiz
Who was the leader of the independence movement, twice appointed commander in chief of Texas Army and attended convention that wrote Declaration of Independence?
Sam Houston
In 1722, what did Marquis de San Miguel de Aguayo accomplish following an incursion into Eastern Texas by the French in 1719?
Secured region with ten missions, left 286 soldiers defending four presidos in las adeas and la Bahia, ended the French threat
As General Cos was fortifying positions in San Antonio, who did the Texans elect as commander to the "Army of the People"?
Stephen F. Austin
On October 28th, 1835 where did Colonels James Bowie and James W. Fannin disobey what specific Stephen F. Austin order?
Surveyed positions near city roads in San Antonio and Gen. Austin told them to return to his army
What is the most important result of Sam Houston leading the Texans to victory at the Battles of San Jacinto on April 21st, 1836?
Texas gained independence from Mexico
Which Native American tribe destroyed Sieur de la Salle's Fort Saint Louis?
The Caddos
Which Indian Tribe was known for being mounted warriors on horseback and a fearsome enemy?
The Comanches
Which Indian Tribe resided in what is now West Texas?
The Jumanoes
Which Indian Tribe used longbows, which were tall as the men, which fired further and when with more fore?
The Karankawas
What was the Sun Dance and which tribe did it?
The Kiowa, and it celebrated the return of the buffalo
The word "Atakapa" is a Choctaw word that means what?
means eaters of men
What does the word "Tejas" mean?
means friends or allies
Why was the year 1492 significant regarding spain?
muslim armies were defeated and forced out of SPain
What was the name of the treaty that acknowledged the independence of Mexico from Spain?
The Treaty of Cordova
In January 1834, why did President Santa Anna have Stephen F. Austin arrested in Saltillo?
no charges were made against him
Where was Davy Crockett and his men located when the Alamo fell?
The south wall near the chapel
Why were De Soto and Moscoso expeditions considered to be failures?
no gold was found
Who persuaded Mexican Gov. to exempt Texas and call slavery instead of "permanent indentured servants"?
Vicente Guerro
On March 2nd, 1836, where were the Texas delegates and what did they do?
Washington-on-the-Brazos, declared independence of Texas from Mexico
Who was it that came to texas in May, 1831, from Alabama due to mounting debt because they saw an opportunity?
William B. Travis
What is the best way to describe Colonel James W. Fannin's leadership?
inconsistent and indecisive
Which of the several Northern Mexico states did Santa Anna decide to make an example of and he allowed what?
Zacatecas -his soldiers were allowed to pilliage, kill, and cause atrocities
What was the significance of he American Filibuster?
brought attention to Texas, both U.S, Mexican, and Spanish
With William Barret Travis and James Bowie only having contempt and a personal dislike for each other, what was their compromise?
compromised to share command
On January 10th, 1836, why did General Council impeach Henry Smith and who did they replace him with?
he argued with other counsel members, and was replaced with James W. Robinson
What did Jaun N. Sequin do during siege of the Alamo?
he arrived after the battle and later joined Sam Houston at Galveston
Who or what were the "twin sisters" and when did they arrive?
pair of canons given to Texas Rebel Army from U.S, arrived on April 11th 1836
During the Mexican Texas society time period, many shortages in goods led to what?
people made their own clothing, blankets, boots and shoes
which Indian group resided in Texas for the longest period of time before the arrival of the Spanish?
the Caddo
Which tribe had a "warlike" culture and used "scalping" to prevent afterlife?
the Commanches
What was the significance of the San Patricio and Agua Dulce Creek Battles?
the Matamoros came to an end
Why was the battle fought in the afternoon of November 26th, 1835, become known as the "grass fight"?
they found grass that was intended to feed cattle instead of Gold
After the Battle of Refugio, what was the ultimate end for LT. Col Ward and Captain King and their men?
they were executed at Goliad Massacre
What is the significance of the "whichway tree"?
they were no longer running from Santa Anna
Why did Spanish authorities prefer missions as an institution for settlement in Texas?
they were used to convert Native Americans into Catholicism, served as slave centers, and provide menial jobs
What did the Mexican National Immigration Law of 1830, also known as the Law of April 6, 1830 intend to do?
to stop the American immigration into and from the United States