UAS end of course exam
When seeking to identify all of the hazards that will be associated with a flight operation, the first best way to start a list is to look at the flight from a _____ perspective.
chronological/sequential
USI defines CRM as the _____.
crew using resources and tactics to manage UAS flight operations
An incident investigation may provide valuable insight into all of the following except _____.
customer satisfaction
Air temperature decreases and air density _____ with increases in altitude.
decreases
A _____ should be utilized by the flying organization whenever a new type of mission is undertaken. They should not be conducted for every flight, but are very productive and useful for the first flight in a new style of flying.
deliberate risk analysis
A hazard that has been assessed for probability and severity becomes a(n) _____.
evaluated risk
A remote pilot can fly sUAS under another aircraft as part of a yield maneuver.
false
Safety Promotion is often referred to as the _____ pillar of SMS.
fourth
The Safety Priority "Top 5" is a technique that _____.
highlights the Top 5 safety concerns you have identified for your company and that you would like your operators to be mindful of moving forward
TEM, Threat and Error Management, includes _____.
identification of potential sources of error, often denoted as "threats" recognizing and mitigating damage of errors as they occur applying effective control measures to ensure that errors do not lead to undesirable consequences
RPICs must be knowledgeable about the _____, in order to quickly realize at what point in an event a mitigator is to be employed, how it is to be employed, and to what level of fidelity
implementation of mitigators
Most UAS pilot displays of a modern-day GCS are in a _____ configuration.
lateral
which of these are CRM Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP)?
leadership communication situation awareness
A common source of error when working with automated systems is failing to notice when the system's mode of operation changes automatically and without notifying the operator. This undetected change in operating mode is called _____.
loss of mode awareness
Many GCS mission management stations/equipment have the _____ and mission planning software.
moving map software
One of the four basic steps for delivering an SMS Implementation Plan is _____.
moving the organization toward further compliance with SMS processes
The term used to explain that a human is involved in the overall action, but is removed from the control loop, allowing autonomous systems to function with infrequent or no human intervention, is called human _____.
on the loop
The term used to describe UAS operations and flight without humans monitoring or being in control of the AV is human _____.
out of the loop
The three most important steps for crews-to-resource UAS missions are _____.
planning, executing, and assessing
When seeking to mitigate an evaluated risk, it is important to consider whether it can be mitigated for _____, _____, _____, or _____.
probability, severity, both, none
An SMS manual must be _____.
provided to all members of the organization and kept up to date and approved by the organization, with any major changes/updates highlighted available in hardcopy and/or digital copy
Pilots at towered airports can only deviate from towered airport instructions when _____.
receiving an amended clearance or during an emergency
Communication silos _____.
require training and a positive safety culture in order to ensure information is shared appropriately across the organization
A helicopter is a type of _____ aircraft.
rotary-wing
Safety Promotion is a(n) _____.
systematic way to provide safety knowledge throughout your organization in support of developing a safety culture
A _____ should be conducted prior to the first flight of the day on every fly day.
time-critical risk analysis
The term sense and avoid is used in the UAS industry to _____.
transmit information for aircraft self-separation
Complacency can result from automation bias and is a high threat to effective mission performance
true
The RPIC as a leader must establish an open tone that solicits input, feedback, and questions, even in a high workload, high-tempo operation.
true
Once the mitigators are devised for a deliberate risk analysis, the best way to ensure that the implementation is effective is to utilize established project management techniques that outlines _____.
who is assigned an action item, the time that the item is due, to what level of fidelity the item must be completed, and the resources that are available
In what year did Congress mandate UAS integration into the national airspace?
2012
Which is the most important source of safety data to you as a new safety practitioner?
A combination of reactive and proactive sources
Which is not an objective of Safety Assurance?
Achieve continual improvement of operational procedures for efficiency and effectiveness.
How do you determine that an objective is achieved?
All Measures of Performance (MP) for that objective are attained.
Cognitive heuristics are a means to _____.
All answers are correct
Which of the following can cause us to misperceive information?
All answers are correct
sometimes, knowledge does not activate and is not recalled when needed. In order to avoid this, you could _____.
All answers are correct
What is a carrier wave?
An EM wave that is modulated to convey a signal
When is an exemption needed?
Any operational limits not specifically listed in part 107
What are the two distinctive types of unmanned aircraft systems?
Autonomous and remote control
The function allocation strategy that involves determining how best each system function can be accomplished by a joint human-technology team is the _____ allocation strategy.
Complementarity
According to Ashby's law, a complex system like a UAS requires a _____ user interface.
Complex
The dominant model that researchers use to represent information processing is based on the _____.
Computer
Which of the following changes can a remote pilot expect if the UA is overweight?
Decrease in maneuverability
The first step in planning a commercial UAS operation is _____.
Defining mission objectives
What will a remote pilot do with an FAA-issued registration number?
Display it on the UA in a manner that is both legible and durable
What is the overall goal of Safety Promotion?
Disseminate safety critical information throughout all levels of an organization in the interest of providing a positive safety culture that supports hazard reporting, proper documentation, and ultimately avoids the occurrence of incidents and accidents
A sUAS operated by the New York City Police Department and utilized to search for a fleeing suspect would be classified in the _____ user category.
Government
An outlook weather briefing is appropriate to obtain _____.
If the departure time is greater than 6 hours distant
What bandwidth of EMR is useful for looking at the thermal emittance of an object?
Infrared
What is the primary role of a GCS?
Keep the pilot out of the plane
What system was the original genesis of the modern-day Predator?
Leading Systems Amber
Why are lithium-based batteries dangerous? (Select all that apply)
Lithium batteries are considered a hazardous material and a fire hazard, Lithium is highly flammable, Lithium reacts with water, Lithium batteries can experience thermal runaway
A sUAS is required to:
Maintain a minimum clearance of 500 feet below a cloud (1/2)
What is the term for the remote sensor being pointed straight down from the aircraft in a line perpendicular to Earth's surface?
Nadir
Which of the following are primary safety datalink flight requirements concerning UAS implementation into the NAS?
Near real-time telemetry from the AV, Near real-time flight commands to the AV
What type of stress describes the body's chemical reactions to the demands placed on it?
Physiological
What are the three degrees of motion that illustrate rotation around axes?
Pitch, roll, and yaw
How can fatigue affect a remote pilot's ability to perform?
Poor timing or poor perception
Which is true regarding flight operations to or from another airport for Class C (towered) airspace area?
Prior to entering that airspace, pilots must establish and maintain communication with the ATC serving facility.
What is diffraction?
Radio waves bending and moving around an object
What is absorption?
Radio waves consumed by an object
What is the greatest advantage of a directional antenna/transceiver over an omni antenna transceiver?
Range
Why is maintenance recordkeeping recommended? (Select all that apply)
Records help establish trends on the service life of components, which in turn help create a scheduled maintenance program. and Records show that maintenance has been performed and the remote pilot is attempting to keep the UAS airworthy.
What are the three technology issues facing UAS' full integration into the airspace?
Reliability, development of Detect and Avoid technology, control link security
Which of the following is a potential crewmember for a UAS team?
Remote Pilot in Command (RPIC) Other Person Manipulating Controls (OPMC) Visual Observer (VO) Crew chief
What is reflection?
Result of radio waves bouncing off the surface of an object and changing direction
What are the three main types of datalinks?
Simplex, half-duplex, and duplex
The risk of "tunneled attention" is increased by _____.
Sleep deprivation
As altitude increases, the remote PIC should expect:
Winds to increase
Safety Risk Management (SRM) encompasses the _____ and _____ of safety risks.
assessment, mitigation
Which of the NOTAMs is most import to a remote pilot?
distance
Not all risks can be eliminated. Those that can't must be _____.
managed
The bottom line for CRM in UAS operations is _____.
mission objectives are achieved efficiently and safely
UA can move through 3-D space with _____ degrees of freedom.
six
The FAA considers an SMS program "implemented" when the aviation organization has _____.
the plan accepted/approved
Which is not a characteristic of a voluntary reporting system?
the reporting employee is reprimanded due to procedural violations.
If a pilot is converting standard time to UTC time and is given the time 1730 UTC, what would EST be?
1230 hours
According to the AIM, initial contact with the tower should be made approximately ____ NM out from the airport.
15
What are the minimum requirements for a Remote Pilot Certificate (not previously certified under Part 61)?
16 years of age, Pass an Aeronautical Knowledge Exam, Complete a TSA background check
What year did nonmilitary agencies begin using UAS?
2004
When identifying a runway at an airport, a pilot can observe a large white number on each end that corresponds to a degree on a compass. If a pilot were to land on Runway 5, what would be the runway heading at the opposite end?
230
If a pilot is flying a textbook downwind leg (parallels runway) for Runway 09, what heading would show on the heading indicator display?
270
To conduct flight, a visibility of ____________ statute miles is required.
3
The FAA has applied Class G (night) weather minimums for a RPIC to fly an unmanned aircraft under VFR. These minimums include:
3 SM visibility and 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, 2,000 feet horizontal of clouds
What are the visibility requirements for sUAS flight operations?
3 statute miles
Limited research indicates that sUAS can perform _____% of the missions performed by traditional manned aircraft.
33 to 75
What is the maximum altitude that a remote pilot can fly a sUAS under Part 107 flight rules?
400 feet AGL
You should monitor the tower frequency of an airport, if you were to deploy your UA within _____NM of an airport.
5
During flight operations, sUAS are required to stay at least _____.
500 feet below the base of any clouds as well as clear all clouds by 2000 feet horizontally
For decades, researchers believed the capacity for working memory to be _____ of information.
7+/ - 2 chunks
When evaluating yourself as part of the ADM process, for how many hours prior to flight does the FAA require you avoid alcohol?
8 hours and enough time to be free from all the effects of alcohol
What is the target turnaround time for Certificates of Waiver applications?
90 days
Following the passage of a cold front, winds should generally be expected to come from:
A northerly direction
What is the purpose of PPE?
A physical control that helps crews protect themselves from bodily harm
What is the risk in making a safety policy that is too tight-fitting or restrictive? How does this affect program safety in a larger sense?
A safety policy that is too tight-fitting may get breached, eroding credibility from the entire document.
Which of the following associations are correct?
A valley breeze during the day, a mountain breeze at night time, a sea breeze blows from the sea to the land
According to the ICAO Safety Management Manual, Safety Promotion training should include which of the following?
Accountable executive and senior managers who may not be actively engaged in the implementation of SMS Policy, roles, and responsibilities, and SMS principles to help illustrate the importance of reporting incidents
What type of sensor is an electro-optical camera using as a flash for illumination at night?
Active
What modern-day sUAS powerhouse did Dr. Paul MacCready start?
AeroVironment
What is one of the most important factors affecting overall aircraft performance?
Air density
Which of the following is usually found in a manned cockpit and UAS remote pilot display?
Airspeed Indicator
A common training shortfall is _____.
All of the answers are correct
Management involvement in SMS, specifically Safety promotion, can take the form of _____.
All of these answers
Safety briefing characteristics should include, but are not limited to _____.
All of these answers
The temporal state of perceptions within the organization of safety
All of these answers
Which of the following team members should be involved in training and education programs related to safety?
All of these answers
Why is documentation practice important?
All of these answers
A design that represents the work environment structures and cues that matter is a called _____ design.
An ecological
When wind is channeled through areas, such as a narrow valley or between tall structures, the remote PIC should expect:
An increase in wind speed and turbulent flow
At select stations, METARs provide:
An observation of past weather conditions
What hazardous attitude can be present in people who are nonconformists?
Antiauthority
What is covered data?
Any information that can identify a particular person.
What types of medication should UAS remote pilots avoid when actively flying?
Any medicines that will affect the remote pilot's mental state
Expert basketball players have high levels of perceptual-motor fluency. This means their perception and performance _____.
Are tuned to the demands of playing basketball
What did Elmer Sperry contribute to the history or UAS?
Automatic stabilization
When automation conceals an escalating problem from the operator until the point when it cannot handle the problem any longer, and then hands off control of the ailing system to the operator, that is known as _____.
Automation surprise
If a frequently performed task is performed the same way every time, its performance is likely to become _____.
Automatized
The "deer in the headlights" effect refers to high-stress situations in which people tend to be slow or unable to act. According to attention research, this happens because when stress is very high, _____.
Available attention decreases dramatically
How does LOS and BLOS differ?
BLOS has link establishment through satellite or relay
What four parameters are required to calculate density altitude?
Barometric pressure, air temperature, dew point, and field elevation
What is scattering?
Beam of radio waves hitting a mass of smaller materials, which individually reflect and spread the radio waves in different directions
What is refraction?
Bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another, due to a change in their speed
Overcoming regulatory and technological barriers are major factors in _____.
Beyond Line of Sight (BLOS) sUAS operations
How are bidirectional communication and unidirectional communication relevant to SMS in UAS operations?
Bidirectional communication ensures that safety information relevant to the organization is expressed from management and to management. Unidirectional communication relates to the traditional expectation that management gives information and the crest of the organization receives information.
Which of the following joins two independent computer networks together to engage communication between them?
Bridged network
What is the most common power source for sUAS today?
Brushless DC electric motors and LiPo batteries
What mnemonic can help remote pilots choose the correct course of action?
CARE
What type of electronic sensor is used to collect imagery in an electro-optical camera?
CCD or CMOS
Which of the following are examples of clear communication and standardized terminology?
Callouts/code words CUS words "Go-around"
Which are limitations that UAS pilots are experiencing? (Select all that apply)
Capacity of battery life, sense and avoid technology
Why should remote pilots check NOTAMs?
Center notams list TFRs
The acronym CRM stands for _____.
Cockpit Resource Management Crew Resource Management
What information is transmitted through uplink?
Commands
A sUAS operated by Bill Jones, a real estate agent, and used to take aerial photos of a home that Bill has listed for sale would be classified in the _____ user category.
Commercial
Which is not an objective of the management review process?
Conduct root cause analysis of significant hazard reports or audit findings that represent elevated operational risk.
Near the surface, and in the Northern Hemisphere, winds blow:
Counter-clockwise; converging somewhat into lows
Thunderstorms evolve through the following three-stage life cycle:
Cumulus, mature, dissipating
What was the first operational targeting drone?
De Havilland Queen Bee
What is flight termination?
Deliberate controlled flight of a UAS into terrain
What are the parts of the DECIDE decision-making model?
Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate
Payloads, such as cargo or agricultural spray, are classified as what type of payload?
Dispensable
What is based on information critical to the operation of the aircraft?
Display design
What does the study of ethics do for a professional?
Distinguishes intentions, actions, or behaviors as being either right or wrong
How is silicon, a natural insulator, turned into a semiconductor in CCDs and CMOS sensors?
Dope with traces of other elements
A sUAS operated by the New York City Police Department and utilized to search for a fleeing suspect was conducted at night, what level of Federal Aviation Administration authorization would be required?
Either a Part 107 exemption or Certificate of Authorization or waiver
Point cloud derivative products can be generated using what type of sensor?
Either passive or active
Which fixed-wing aircraft control surface can create movement around the lateral axis?
Elevator
What is the term used to classify an object based on its ability to reflect EMR?
Emittance
What can limit a datalink's strength/range?
Environmental factors, power, antenna type, and range
Information in memory that is interconnected on the basis of its involvement in a common event is called _____.
Episodic memory
What is the purpose of a datalink?
Establish reliable communications between the AV and GCS
Match the term with the definition.
Ethics => Set of rules or ideas that are considered the norm Professionalism => Set of attitudes or behaviors that are believed to be appropriate for particular occupations
What is the primary step that remote pilots should take when experiencing a known physical or mental condition that would interfere with the safe operation of a sUAS?
Exclude themselves from any crew duties
Notices to Airman (NOTAMs) related to UAS operations are issued by the _____.
FAA through their official vendor Leidos (formerly Lockheed-Martin)
A remote pilot will need permission from ATC to fly a UAS 400 feet and below in Class G airspace.
False
A waypoint is a place where the AV is halfway through the mission
False
Commercial UAS weather briefings are best obtained through one of the many phone applications developed for UAS hobbyists
False
Inspections of pipelines and powerlines utilizing sUAS beyond visual line of sight procedures are routinely conducted on a daily basis throughout the United States.
False
Most sUAS operations occur in Class- A airspace.
False
The Federal Aviation Administration's extremely rapid and efficient rulemaking process has been a major factor in the widespread adoption of sUAS technology.
False
The forward GCS is usually a large building with many floors in configuration. It has an antenna that allows a remote pilot to take a control and handoff of an AV that was launched and will be recovered elsewhere.
False
The high cost of purchasing and operating sUAS is a significant limiting factor in adoption of the technology by police and fire agencies.
False
The payload operator mostly uses command and control equipment.
False
What government agency regulates unmanned aircraft systems?
Federal Aviation Administration
What U.S. government organization regulates frequencies?
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Aviation safety was born in the wake of the first aviation accidents. Why?
First attempts led to preventing further mistakes.
Which root cause analysis tools are the easiest to use, but may provide the least insight into system design deficiencies?
Five-Why technique
What type of sUAS is best suited to be powered by an internal combustion engine?
Fixed wing
The time-critical risk analysis is typically done immediately before the flight event and is used to increase crew risk awareness. The tool most often used to conduct this analysis is the _____.
Flight Risk Assessment Tool
Which of the following are elements of SA relevant to effective CRM and TEM?
Flight path of all aircraft in the operating environment Time Objectives Location of terrain Airspace
In relation to UAS preflight operations, a "FRAT" is a _____.
Flight risk analysis tool
What type of flight control system was developed in the 1950s and 60s to relax the stability of an aircraft in an effort to make it more maneuverable?
Fly-by-wire
The recovery method is a systematic prioritization of tasks. Which is the most basic level of tasks that you need to perform?
Flying a stable and level aircraft
What are the limits to Visual Line of Sight (VLOS)?
Furthest point at which an observer can see the system's location, as well as determine the system's attitude, altitude, and direction of flight with an unaided eye
Name the component of a UA that houses most of the equipment and acts as the basic structure
Fuselage
What are the seven basic bands of EMR in the electromagnetic spectrum?
Gamma, X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, and Radio waves
UAS like the Lightning Bug initially used INS guidance. What technology increased the accuracy and capability of UAS?
Global Positioning System
Which of the following describes a PCB?
Ground station with a small tablet attached
Which is not an element of Safety Assurance?
Hazard identification and analysis
What is a UAS remote pilot looking for in the NOTAM system?
Hazards affecting the flight, e.g., GPS outages TFRs, such as sporting events
Rotary-wing aircraft fall into which two categories?
Helicopter and multirotor
Schemas are valuable memory structures, because they _____.
Help you recognize deviations that signify a problem
What is Safety Culture is defined as?
I got this wrong. it's not all of these answers or The temporal state of perceptions within the organization of safety
What device is used on a UAS to determine the roll, pitch, and yaw of the aircraft?
IMU
What is one of the major reasons for a UAS remote pilot to conduct a site visit?
Identify suitable launch and recovery areas
More than any other technical innovation, this improvement (in the 1950s and 1960s) decreased the aviation accident rate more than any other.
Implementation of the jet engine
What hazardous attitude occurs in situations where the remote pilot feels the need to do something—anything—immediately?
Impulsivity
Where can aeronautical decision making occur?
In flight and before flight
The term used to explain and relate the human aspect of being in the GCS and controlling the AV is human _____.
In the loop
The management of operational and organization change is a function of Safety Assurance. Change management activities within the SMS are principally concerned with which of the following?
Incremental change
What is the name for the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths ranging from 700 nanometers to 1 millimeter?
Infrared band
Which statement is not true of internal evaluation?
Internal evaluation is often referred to as quality control.
When someone reports an incident they were involved in, what should you do?
Investigate the problem and share any findings with the organization, as appropriate, in order to help prevent it from happening in the future.
The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is a layer in the atmosphere that:
Is a dynamic environment whose character changes within the period of a day (1/2)
What does "Compliance is not Safety" mean?
It is not enough to comply with the federal regulations, you must proactively integrate safety policies and procedures for your organization.
What series of U.S. satellites is currently used for Earth remote sensing?
Landsat
In Reason's Swiss Cheese Model, the events and conditions that contributed to an error's occurrence are called _____.
Latent conditions
Continuous improvement is primarily a characteristic of which type of culture?
Learning culture
A pilot is given instruction from ATC to fly a standard traffic pattern upon flying into a towered airport under VFR conditions. A standard traffic pattern consists of:
Left turns
What is the upper GTOW limit of a small UAS?
Less than 55 pounds
Name a type of active sensor used in a remote sensing payload.
LiDAR
In general, as the AOA of an airfoil increases, what two forces also increase?
Lift and drag
What are the four forces that act on an aircraft in flight?
Lift, weight, thrust, and drag
What do the following professions have in common: doctors, lawyers, and engineers?
Long formalize course of study and are certified by a board of experts
According to Ericcson and Kintsch, the activated portion of long-term memory is called _____.
Long term working memory
Which of the follow is considered contingency planning?
Lost communications flight plan
What is the term used to name what happens when an uplink or down link is broken?
Lost link
Which is incorrect regarding employee hazard reporting programs?
Mandatory
What is the gap between a remote pilot's abilities and the task requirements for controlling and monitoring the UAS?
Margin of safety
What "first" for UAS was first credited to Reginald Denny?
Mass produced UAS
What is airworthiness?
Measure of an aircraft's suitability for safe flight
Which is not a safety risk control?
Measurements of safety performance or process effectiveness
What is the primary functional use of a RADAR or LiDAR sensor?
Measuring distances
What is one of the uses of photogrammetry?
Measuring distances and sizes
At night, remote PICs should expect:
Mechanical turbulence
What are the FAA's three categories of UAS?
Micro, Small, UAS
Which of the following are elements that fit in an effective debriefing?
Mission objectives Weather data for next mission SOP improvements Errors and hazards identified during the flight
What is the difference between a guided missile and a modern UAS?
Modern UAS are intended for recovery and guided missiles are expendable.
What does the remote pilot need to do if experiencing a UAS flyaway?
Monitor the system's location, and if the UA enters airspace that requires new authorization, then the remote pilot needs to immediately notify ATC.
For which of the following reasons would a TFR be issued?
Movement of the President, Space flight operations, Sporting events, abnormally high barometric pressure conditions
Where can a remote pilot get official sources of weather?
NWS offices (including contract observatories) Flight service stations SAWRS (facilities usually operated by an aeronautical enterprise or a local government under an agreement with the NWS) LAWRS (observations taken by airport traffic control towers) Automated surface observations [includes a variety of systems generally known as Automated Weather Observation Systems (AWOS)] Any active meteorological office operated by a foreign state which subscribes (is signatory) to the standards and practices of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) conventions
Who patented a way to control vehicles remotely using radio waves?
Nikola Tesla
What is "normalization of deviation"?
Noncompliance with SOPs that becomes accepted practice
The ICAO phonetic alphabet telephony for the character "N" is _____.
November
Name the two primary types of antennas.
Omni and directional
Which is not a characteristic of a Safety Management System (SMS)?
Once an SMS is fully implemented, there will be no need to maintain the capability of reactive data collection activities, because the organization has evolved to proactive and predictive safety methods.
If a pilot was to enunciate an aircraft altitude over radio communications, how would the altitude of 13,500 feet be said?
One three thousand five hundred
In which of the following airspaces must a remote pilot, operating under Part 107, obtain permission to enter?
Only classes B C D and E
What types of flight operations can be exceeded with the granting of Certificates of Waiver?
Operations in certain airspace, Flying over spectators, BLOS operations
Which is the most correct statement about controls in operational processes and procedures?
Organizational policies and procedures are useful controls.
Which of the following are attributes of professionals? (Select all that apply)
Organized, Level headed, Risk averse, Methodical
What is the name of the syndrome associated with vigilance work?
Out of the loop syndrome
When is controlling a sUAS from another vehicle allowed?
Over a sparsely populated area, when no cargo is being transported for compensation
Remote pilots operating under Part 107 are required to maintain VLOS between the _____
PIC and UA
What subchapter part of US Code Title 14 covers small unmanned aircraft?
Part 107
As the number of sUAS batteries increases, what must be reduced, so that the aircraft remains below the 55-pound requirement?
Payload
What information is transmitted through a downlink?
Payload
The three levels of situation awareness formation are _____.
Perception, Comprehension, and Projection
What are the four factors that elicit a need for the UAS remote pilot to react?
Performance of key personnel, operation being conducted, system status, and environment
What type of stress can be created from physical exertion, like lifting heavy objects?
Physical
What are the three broad areas of stress?
Physical, physiological, psychological
Match the term with its appropriate definition:
Probability => The likelihood of an event coming to pass Mitigation => To lessen the overall risk by decreasing the probability and/or severity of a hazard Hazard => A real or perceived condition, event, or circumstance that a pilot encounters Risk => The assessed potential for adverse consequences resulting from a hazard Severity => The degree to which the negative effects occur or are experienced
For the remote pilot, the FAA extends the flight operational window to include civil twilight, if there is _____.?
Proper anti-collision lighting
What are the functions an emergency response plan must do? (There is more than one answer.) (0.5 out of 1)
Provide a Point of Contact (POC) recall list Care for the survivors and families of organization personnel Provide directions for first steps response team members must take in the event of an emergency recall Provide checklists for personnel/responders assisting in emergency response Outline how the organization's emergency response team will coordinate with other organizations and governmental authorities Outline the emergency authorities within the aviation organization and assigned responsibilities to specific personnel or positions Outline timelines in the event of a response
Root cause analysis enables an organization to do all of the following except?
Provide useful information for predicting future performance of a process
What type of UAS remote pilots did the FAA first authorize?
Public
Root causes of operational risk are always located in which of the following?
Quality Management System (QMS)
Digital imagery can be transmitted from a remote sensing platform to a ground station using the...
RF datalink
What was the primary mission of the Lightning Bug in Vietnam?
Reconnaissance
A system's _____ depends on its ability to detect problems as they emerge, take appropriate action to intervene, and recover should the interventions fail.
Resilience
What is antenna gain?
Resultant increase by amplitude of the signal
Choose the best statement of CRM strategy
Safely and efficiently perform UAS mission objectives.
What is the aviation organization's documented commitment to safety?
Safety Policy
What are the four pillars of SMS?
Safety Policy, Safety Risk Management (SRM), Safety Assurance (SA). and Safety Promotion
What is safety accountability and who does it directly affect within an aviation organization?
Safety accountability is the extent to which the members of an aviation safety organization are both aware of their roles in the safety of the organization and active participants in the execution of their duties within the SMS program.
An Acceptable Level of Safety (ALoS) is established by whom?
Safety committee
What three types of aerial platforms are best suited for remote sensing?
Satellites, aircraft, and unmanned aircraft
Which of the following would be an example of a sUAS?
ScanEagle
Match the term with the definition?
Schedule maintenance => Preventative and occurs at recommended intervals or at service limits Conditional maintenance => any servicing or replacing of parts that is required, because a component is no longer serviceable or has failed
The sUAS operated by a university and utilized to conduct research on snow distribution would be classified in the _____ user category.
Scientific
What UAS was created by Israel in the 1970s and battle tested in 1982?
Scout
What does an image's geolocation data contain?
Sensor's location
Information first enters and is briefly held in basic-feature form in the _____.
Sensory store
What electro-mechanical device can be used to move a control surface?
Servo
What does planning the mission involve?
Set objectives, tasks, and timelines. Choose the right team for the mission. Determine the resources necessary to attain objectives.
Which is the most common approach to continuous improvement and operational change?
Shewart cycle
What was the first full-scale remotely piloted aircraft?
Sopwith Aerial Target
Which are characteristics of professionals? (Select all that apply)
Specialized body of knowledge, Licensure or certification, members of associations, Uphold a code of ethics
In addition to Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR), what other rules should remote pilots learn? (Select all that apply)
State laws, Municipal ordinances, and other applicable federal regulations like FCC rules, Manufactures limits and procedures
During the passage of a warm front, which of the following conditions should be expected:
Stratiform clouds, bringing widespread light and continuous precipitation
A system design in which humans and technology are well integrated is a design that supports the anticipation and preparation. This refers to the design guideline to _____.
Support projection
What mnemonic can help remote pilots with risk mitigation alternatives?
TEAM
What antidote can be applied to the hazardous attitude of macho?
Taking chances is foolish
If a pilot observed this sign, where would the aircraft be located? (black sign with yellow border and yellow A)
Taxiway Alpha
What technology was added to the TDR-1 that made it different from all previous UAS?
Television guidance
Aircraft (not battery) performance improves as:
Temperature decreases
Who is the accountable executive for an aviation organization?
The accountable executive holds the ultimate responsibility for the SMS program.
Winds are usually named for:
The direction or place from which they are blowing
What is the definition of a PIC?
The individual that has the final authority and responsibility for the operation and safety of a sUAS operation
Which statement is incorrect regarding Safety Risk Management (SRM) and Safety Assurance (SA) activities?
The integration of SRM and SA elements is an unnecessary requirement to implement an effective Safety Management System.
According to Safety Promotion doctrine, what is safety communication defined as?
The manner by which management disseminates vital safety information throughout an organization in an appropriate and well-defined approach
Internal audits are typically performed by which of the following?
The operating department or process owner that owns the technical activities
Which is true regarding flight operations in Class B airspace?
The pilot must receive an ATC clearance before operating in that area.
Instead of focusing on specific user requests and criticisms, system developers should focus on _____.
The reasoning behind the requests and criticisms
Which type of remote sensing payload would be most useful in the detection of missing persons?
Thermogram
Why are checklists important?
They provide a consistent procedure that is not overly burdensome, which helps identify problems that may arise.
What two parts of effective radio communication techniques allow for the professional and successful transmission of the communication?
Thinking and listening
Who was the first person to die in a fatal (powered) airplane accident?
Thomas Selfridge
Why is the term "unmanned aircraft system" used versus terms like UAV or drone?
To represent all of the components of a UAS not just the air vehicle
What are the two broad categories of airport facilities in the United States?
Towered and non-towered
What multirotor configuration uses vectored thrust to control the yaw axis?
Tricopter
A UAS remote pilot can collapse and make his/her display completely disappear, if desired.
True
A function of the GCS is payload monitoring and control.
True
An orbit is when an AV can fly a circular pattern until the AV is reacquired, in the event of a lost communications
True
Pursuant to 14 CFR Part 107, no coordination with air traffic control is required for operations in Class-G airspace.
True
The MCE will usually work rotating shifts and enable the aircraft to loiter longer on station.
True
The U.S. military has used sUAS extensively to enhance situational awareness of forward deployed units.
True
The payload operator and AV remote pilot work together to get the best imagery.
True
U.S. law enforcement agencies have been more proactive in utilizing sUAS than U.S. fire departments.
True
Multitasking while sleepy increases a person's risk for _____.
Tunneled attention
What is used to measure distance of a radio wavelength?
Two adjacent points on the wave
Where could a remote pilot find the CTAF of an airport?
U.S. Chart Supplement and VFR Sectional Charts
From the GCS, who may also need to perform external communications via voice communications with the external crewmembers, air traffic control, customer(s), or company?
UAS crew
Safety newsletters are best described as providing safety information in the following way:
Unidirectional technique that should be friendly in tone and focused on safety, but can also have other helpful information
Which of the following are systems within the UAS operational environment?
Unmanned aircraft (possibly multiple) Control station(s) Air traffic control facility
What are the four core components of a UAS?
Unmanned aircraft, payload, control station, control link
What techniques should not be used to help train team members in hazard reporting and analysis?
Using an incident or accident that occurred, demanding why those involved accepted the risk and why their calculation failed to address the problem before hand, in front of peers
There are two sets of rules for flying aircraft in the NAS. These include:
VFR and IFR
What is the primary advantage of rotary-wing aircraft over a fixed-wing?
VTOL and hovering flight capability
What is "VVM" as it relates to CRM/TEM?
Verify, Validate, and Monitor all crewmembers on actions taken by any crewmember
Which of the following is the best stress-coping technique?
Vigilance
_____ work involves sustained monitoring. It is mentally demanding and draws heavily on attention.
Vigilance
What EM bands are typically used in precision agriculture applications?
Visible and near infrared
What is wave propagation?
Way in which radio waves move from the source antenna to the receiving end
What does this sign mean? (yellow and block alternating diagonal stripes)
What does this sign mean?
When does a remote pilot need to report a sUAS accident to the FAA?
When a serious injury requires hospitalization or any loss of consciousness Anytime property damage (excluding the UAS) exceeds $500 in value
When is the mission complete?
When all objectives of the flying operation are performed
Can anyone other than a RPIC manipulate the controls of a UAS?
Yes, however, these flights can only be conducted under the supervision of the remote PIC.
What antidote can be applied to the hazardous attitude of resignation?
You are not helpless, you can make a difference if you put your mind to it.
Change management is important, because _____.
any changes made to the system should be considered a hazard and must be assessed for how that change represents a risk
