Unit 10: Periodic Table and Compounds

ionic compounds

solids that typically melt at high temperatures and boil at even higher temperatures; not electrically conductive as a solid

monatomic ions

ions formed from only one atom

polyatomic ions

ions that are made of more than one atom

-ite

less oxygen

hypo-

less oxygen than -ite

-ate

more oxygen

per-

more oxygen than -ate

oxyanions

polyatomic ions that contain one or more oxygen atoms

pnictogens

group 15

chalcogens

group 16

halogens

group 17

noble gases

group 18

alkaline earth metals

group 2

transition metals

groups 3-12

What is the formula of a compound containing Al³⁺ and S²⁻ ions? A) Al₂S₃ B) Al₂S C) AlS₃ D) Al₃S₂

A) Al₂S₃

Which of the following compounds exhibits both ionic and covalent bonding? A) CaSO₃ B) SO₃ C) S₃Cl₂ D) CoS

A) CaSO₃

Classify the following compounds as ionic or covalent: OF₂, CuO, SeO₂. A) Covalent, ionic, covalent. B) Ionic, covalent, ionic. C) Covalent, covalent, ionic. D) Ionic, ionic, covalent.

A) Covalent, ionic, covalent.

What is the formula of the ionic compound containing Cu²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions? A) CuCl₂ B) CuCl C) Cu₂Cl D) Cu₂Cl₃

A) CuCl₂

What is the formula for an ionic compound containing Mg²⁺ ions and N³⁻ ions? A) Mg₃N₂ B) MgN₂ C) Mg₂N₃ D) MgN E) MgN₃

A) Mg₃N₂

Which of the following elements is NOT a metal? A) arsenic B) indium C) iridium D) lithium E) lutetium

A) arsenic

Which of the following is an alkaline earth metal? A) Rubidium B) Beryllium C) Iridium D) Americium E) Phosphorous

B) Beryllium

Classify the following compounds as ionic or covalent: KCl, CrCl₃, Cl₂O. A) Ionic, covalent, covalent. B) Ionic, ionic, covalent. C) Covalent, covalent, ionic. D) Ionic, covalent, ionic.

B) Ionic, ionic, covalent.

What is the formula of a compound containing K⁺ and O²⁻ ions? A) KO B) K₂O C) K₂O₂ D) K₂O4

B) K₂O

Which of the following is best classified as a covalent compound? A) Sr₃N₂ B) N₂O₅ C) Li₃N D) AlN

B) N₂O₅

Which of the following is most likely to make a -3 ion? A) Al B) P C) Be D) Se E) Bi

B) P

What is the atomic symbol for the element in Group 5A (15) and the fifth period? A) As B) Sb C) Sn D) Te E) Bi

B) Sb

What is the formula for an ionic compound containing Sc³⁺ and O²⁻ ions? A) Sc₂O B) Sc₂O₃ C) ScO₃ D) ScO₂

B) Sc₂O₃

Which of the following is a transition metal? A) Strontium B) Silver C) Sulfur D) Samarium E) Sodium

B) Silver

Which of the following elements would be chemically similar to calcium (Ca)? A) K B) Sr C) Sc D) S E) Ga

B) Sr

What is the formula for an ionic compound containing Ba²⁺ ions and Cl⁻ ions? A) BaCl B) Ba₂Cl C) BaCl₂ D) BaCl₃ E) Ba₃Cl

C) BaCl₂

Which of the following compounds exhibits both ionic and covalent bonding? A) Cl₂O₇ B) KCl C) KNO₃ D) N₂O₄

C) KNO₃

Which of the following is a molecular compound? A) P₄ B) BaBr₂ C) N₂O D) CaO E) Ag

C) N₂O

Which of the following is best classified as an ionic compound? A) S₄N₄ B) SO₃ C) ZnS D) S₂F₁₀

C) ZnS

Carbon dioxide is a _____ compound composed two types of _____ atoms. A) molecular; metal B) ionic; metalloid C) molecular; nonmetal D) ionic; metal

C) molecular; nonmetal

The halogens are found in Group ____ A) 1A (1) B) 2A (2) C) 6A (16) D) 7A (17) E) 8A (18)

D) 7A (17)

What is the formula for an ionic compound containing Ag⁺ and S²⁻ ions? A) Ag₂S₂ B) AgS₂ C) AgS D) Ag₂S

D) Ag₂S

What is the formula of a compound containing Ba²⁺ and N³⁻ ions? A) Ba₂N₃ B) Ba₃N C) BaN₃ D) Ba₃N₂

D) Ba₃N₂

What group (G) and period (P) does the element molybdenum (Mo) belong to? A) G = 5, P = 6 B) G = 6, P = 6 C) G = 6, P = 4 D) G = 6, P = 5 E) G = 5, P = 5

D) G = 6, P = 5

Columns on the periodic table are known as A) Periods B) Halogens C) Metals D) Groups E) Metalloids

D) Groups

Classify the following compounds as ionic or covalent: BaO, Fe₂O₃, ZnO. A) Covalent, covalent, covalent. B) Ionic, ionic, covalent. C) Ionic, covalent, covalent. D) Ionic, Ionic, Ionic.

D) Ionic, Ionic, Ionic.

Which of the following elements would be chemically similar to selenium (Se)? A) Br B) Sc C) As D) S E) Ca

D) S

Which is true about one formula unit of CaBr₂? A) There is one 1 Ca atom and 1 Br₂ molecule. B) There is one CaBr₂ molecule. C) There is 1 Ca atom and 2 Br atoms. D) There is 1 positive Ca ion and 2 negative Br ions. E) There is 1 positive Ca ion and 1 negative Br ion.

D) There is 1 positive Ca ion and 2 negative Br ions.

Which of the following element pairs would be most likely to form an ionic compound? A) hydrogen; carbon B) nitrogen; oxygen C) oxygen; carbon D) calcium; carbon E) sodium; potassium

D) calcium; carbon

Which of the following is a main group element? A) Yttrium B) Osmium C) Holmium D) Californium E) Bismuth

E) Bismuth

Based on the positions of the following elements on the periodic table, which of them would you expect to form a 3+ cation? A) scandium B) aluminum C) phosphorus D) calcium E) Both A and B

E) Both A and B

Which of the following is a halogen? A) Sodium B) Copper C) Neodymium D) Selenium E) Iodine

E) Iodine

Which of the following is most likely to form a +2 ion? A) K B) Sc C) Al D) O E) Mg

E) Mg

What is the atomic symbol for the element in Group 4B (4) and the fourth period? A) Sc B) V C) Zr D) Hf E) Ti

E) Ti

molecular compounds

covalent compounds; often exist as gases, low-boiling liquids, and low-melting solids; usually a combination of nonmetals

main-group elements

elements in groups 1-2, 13-18; s and p-block elements

alkali metals

group 1

periodic law

the properties of the elements are periodic functions pf their atomic numbers

how do nonmetal main-group elements become a noble gas?

they usually gain some electrons

how do main group metals become a noble gas?

they usually lose an electron or two

nonmetals

elements that are dull and poor conductors of heat and electricity

metals

elements that are shiny, malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity

metalloids

elements that conduct heat and electricity moderately well and posses some properties of metals and some of nonmetals