Unit 7 Test Answers and Questions

Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't *paying attention* when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of

encoding failure

(BLANK) is *retention of memory* for some *period of time*

storage

Flashblub Memories

usually concern events that are *emotionally charged*

(BLANK) is synonymous with *short-term memory*

working memory

*Iconic memory* is to *echoic memory* as

*visual stimulation* is to *auditory stimulation*

Your professor asks you to get up in front of the class and repeat a long list of numbers that he reads to you. According to *George Miller*, what is the longest list of numbers you will most likely be able to remember?

7

A teenager believes very strongly that a particular basketball player should not play on his favorite team. Over the course of the season, the teenager focuses on every mistake, turnover, and missed shot the player makes. However, the teen does not notice how well the player passes, help the other teammates, and rebounds. The teenagers' behaviors illustrates which of the following?

Confirmation bias

Walking into your *bedroom* you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you *forget what you came there for*. As you return to your *bedroom*, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by

Context-effect

Rats given a drug that enhances *long-term potentiation (LTP)* will learn a maze with half the usual number of mistakes. This suggests that

LTP provides a *neural basis* for learning and remembering associations

For more than 30 years, the most influential researcher into eyewitness memory has been

Loftus

Concepts are ideas that represent

a *class or category of objects, events, or activities*

Students often remember *MORE* information from a house that spans an entire *SEMESTER* than from a course that is completed in an intense *THREE-WEEK LEARNING PERIOD*. This best illustrates the importance of

distributed practice

While reading a novel at a rate of nearly *500 words per minute*, Megan effortlessly understands almost every word. This ability highlights the *importance* of

automatic processing

According to Benjamin Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis, which of the following is true?

different languages predispose those individuals who speak them to think about the world in different ways

Which brain region is responsible for *episodic memory*

frontal lobes

A teenager was given a new phone as a gift and thought the old phone should be thrown away, not realizing that the old phone could be used as a music player to avoid taking up space on the new phone. This example illustrates

functional fixedness

*Explicit memories* are process by the

hippocampus

The tendency for people to persist in using *problem-solving patterns* that *HAVE WORKED FOR THEM IN THE PAST* is known as

mental set

When confronted with the sequence "______N______" at the end of a word in a crossword puzzle, Tony inserts the letter "I" and "G" in the two blanks because that procedure had led to the *correct answer in previous puzzles*. This example illustrates the use of

mental set

Which of the following is *NOT* an example of effortful processing?

parallel processing

Noam Chomsky's view of language proposes that

people have an inherent language acquisition device

The Vietnamese language has the sound that goes with the letters NG at the beginning of words, including names. Americans have difficultly hearing and speaking that sound. That sound is a kind of

phoneme

When Elizabeth Loftus asked observers of a filmed car accident how fast the vehicles were going when the "smashed" into each rather than "hit" or "contacted" each other, the observers developed memories of the accident that

portrayed the event as much more *SERIOUS* than it actually had been

Under most circumstances, when you are intentionally trying to *remember an item of information*, _________ is an easier task than _________.

recognition; recall

Janie remembers three out of the four causes of WWI. She knows there is a fourth, but time is up. As Janie walks down the stairs, *all of a sudden*, she remembers the fourth cause, but it is too late. Janie had a problem with?

retrieval