Urinary system

antidiuretic hormone

Tubular epithelial cells of the collecting duct and distal tubule contain receptors for what hormone that stimulates water reabsorption

peritubular

What capillaries come off of the efferent arterioles associated with cortical nephrons?

vasa recta

What capillaries come off of the efferent arterioles associated with juxtamedullary nephrons?

Hilum

is entry/exit point for renal artery, renal nerves, renal vein, and ureter

Nephron

Filtering unit that performs essential functions of kidney

kidney

Filters the blood to regulate its composition

proximal tube

Filtrate moves from _________ to the loop of Henle

reabsorption

Movement from renal tubules into the peritubular capillaries

filtration slits

Narrow gaps between adjacent processes called:

dialysis

Process of passive diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane

micturition

Process of urination is:

Polyuria

Production of excessive amounts urine and Causes include hormonal or metabolic problems

volume, composition

The primary function of the kidneys involves regulating the ________ and the ________ of plasma and interstitial fluid

Internal urethral sphincter

-Found in neck of urinary bladder -Involuntary smooth muscle

external urethral sphincter

-Located where urethra passes through urogenital diaphragm - Under voluntary control - Must be voluntarily relaxed to permit urination

vasa recta

Blood flows from peritubular capillaries into _______

Peritubular capillaries

Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells

excretion

Elimination of urine from the body

true

T/F - Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption.

loop of henle

In juxtamedullary nephrons, this region sets up the medullary osmotic gradient.

seminiferous tubules

In what region of the testes are sperm produced?

nephron regions

Includes: RPLDC- 1. Renal corpuscle 2. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) 3. Loop of Henle (Nephron loop) 4. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) 5. Collecting system

renin

Juxtaglomerular complex releases ________ when glomerular blood pressure falls

Renal Failure

Kidneys unable to perform excretory functions to maintain homeostasis

podocytes

Layer of cells called:

distal tube

Located entirely within the cortex, reabsorption of water and certain solutes from this region is under hormonal control

proximal tube

Most filtered solutes and water are reabsorbed in this region

proximal tube, not regulated

Most reabsorption occurs in the ________ and is ________.

filtration

Movement from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule

secretion

Movement from peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules

Proximal convoluted tubule

Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs

Glomerulus

Site of filtrate formation.

collecting duct

Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule

bowman's capsule

Site where filtrate enters renal tubules

bladder

Stores urine prior to micturition

excitation of sympathetic neurons, causing the INTERNAL urethral sphincter to relax

Stretching of the bladder reflexively causes all of the following EXCEPT ________

osmolarity

The diffusion of water across a tubule is driven by differences in ________ across the membrane.

urethra

Transports urine from bladder to outside body

ureter

Transports urine from kidneys to bladder

aldosterone

Tubular epithelial cells of the collecting duct and distal tubule contain receptors for what hormone that stimulates sodium reabsorption?

secretion

What is the process whereby molecules are selectively transported from the peritubular fluid to the lumen of the renal tubules?

Bowman's capsule and glomerulus

What two structures make up the renal corpuscle?

efferent arteriole

Where does blood leaving the glomerulus go to next?

liver

Which of the following is NOT part of the urinary system?

renal artery — segmental arteries — interlobar arteries — arcuate arteries — interlobular arteries — afferent arteriole — glomerulus — efferent arteriole

Which of the following is the correct order of blood supply to the kidneys?

Afferent arteriole

________ delivers blood to corpuscle

Efferent arteriole

_________ carries blood away from corpuscle

Hemodialysis

___________ uses artificial membrane as alternative to kidney's normal membrane around glomerulus

Major calyx

collects urine from 4-5 minor calyces

Minor calyx

collects urine from each renal papilla

Renal pelvis

collects urine from major calyces