Urinary system
antidiuretic hormone
Tubular epithelial cells of the collecting duct and distal tubule contain receptors for what hormone that stimulates water reabsorption
peritubular
What capillaries come off of the efferent arterioles associated with cortical nephrons?
vasa recta
What capillaries come off of the efferent arterioles associated with juxtamedullary nephrons?
Hilum
is entry/exit point for renal artery, renal nerves, renal vein, and ureter
Nephron
Filtering unit that performs essential functions of kidney
kidney
Filters the blood to regulate its composition
proximal tube
Filtrate moves from _________ to the loop of Henle
reabsorption
Movement from renal tubules into the peritubular capillaries
filtration slits
Narrow gaps between adjacent processes called:
dialysis
Process of passive diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane
micturition
Process of urination is:
Polyuria
Production of excessive amounts urine and Causes include hormonal or metabolic problems
volume, composition
The primary function of the kidneys involves regulating the ________ and the ________ of plasma and interstitial fluid
Internal urethral sphincter
-Found in neck of urinary bladder -Involuntary smooth muscle
external urethral sphincter
-Located where urethra passes through urogenital diaphragm - Under voluntary control - Must be voluntarily relaxed to permit urination
vasa recta
Blood flows from peritubular capillaries into _______
Peritubular capillaries
Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells
excretion
Elimination of urine from the body
true
T/F - Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption.
loop of henle
In juxtamedullary nephrons, this region sets up the medullary osmotic gradient.
seminiferous tubules
In what region of the testes are sperm produced?
nephron regions
Includes: RPLDC- 1. Renal corpuscle 2. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) 3. Loop of Henle (Nephron loop) 4. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) 5. Collecting system
renin
Juxtaglomerular complex releases ________ when glomerular blood pressure falls
Renal Failure
Kidneys unable to perform excretory functions to maintain homeostasis
podocytes
Layer of cells called:
distal tube
Located entirely within the cortex, reabsorption of water and certain solutes from this region is under hormonal control
proximal tube
Most filtered solutes and water are reabsorbed in this region
proximal tube, not regulated
Most reabsorption occurs in the ________ and is ________.
filtration
Movement from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule
secretion
Movement from peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules
Proximal convoluted tubule
Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs
Glomerulus
Site of filtrate formation.
collecting duct
Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule
bowman's capsule
Site where filtrate enters renal tubules
bladder
Stores urine prior to micturition
excitation of sympathetic neurons, causing the INTERNAL urethral sphincter to relax
Stretching of the bladder reflexively causes all of the following EXCEPT ________
osmolarity
The diffusion of water across a tubule is driven by differences in ________ across the membrane.
urethra
Transports urine from bladder to outside body
ureter
Transports urine from kidneys to bladder
aldosterone
Tubular epithelial cells of the collecting duct and distal tubule contain receptors for what hormone that stimulates sodium reabsorption?
secretion
What is the process whereby molecules are selectively transported from the peritubular fluid to the lumen of the renal tubules?
Bowman's capsule and glomerulus
What two structures make up the renal corpuscle?
efferent arteriole
Where does blood leaving the glomerulus go to next?
liver
Which of the following is NOT part of the urinary system?
renal artery — segmental arteries — interlobar arteries — arcuate arteries — interlobular arteries — afferent arteriole — glomerulus — efferent arteriole
Which of the following is the correct order of blood supply to the kidneys?
Afferent arteriole
________ delivers blood to corpuscle
Efferent arteriole
_________ carries blood away from corpuscle
Hemodialysis
___________ uses artificial membrane as alternative to kidney's normal membrane around glomerulus
Major calyx
collects urine from 4-5 minor calyces
Minor calyx
collects urine from each renal papilla
Renal pelvis
collects urine from major calyces
