24.5-24.8: Digestive System

Stomach secretion and stomach motility are controlled by neural mechanisms that respond to ______. stomach wall distension the secretion of bile salts chloride ion concentration in the chyme the absorption of nutrients by the villi

A

The serous membrane that covers the organs of the abdominal cavity is the _______ peritoneum. visceral parietal

A

Pepsinogen and gastrin are both secretions of the ______. liver pancreas stomach small intestine

C

The pathological accumulation of serous abdominal fluid is called Blank 1 of 1.

ascites

The Blank 1 sphincter is between the esophagus and the stomach and the Blank 2 sphincter is between the stomach and the small intestine.

cardiac pyloric

Intrinsic factor is secreted by the organ called the Blank 1 of 1.

stomach

The organ that secretes intrinsic factor is the ______. large intestine stomach pancreas small intestine

B

What is ascites? The rapid elimination of feces due to toxin production The excess accumulation of fluid in the abdomen The increased secretion of digestive enzymes due to nervous stimulation The increased absorption of water from the chyme in the colon

B

What is the pyloric pump? The gland in the liver that stores bile The mechanism that pumps hydrogen ions into the stomach during mixing Peristaltic contractions that move chyme through the partially closed pyloric opening The port through which bile salts and pancreatic enzymes enter the duodenum

C

Parietal cells of the stomach secrete ______. Select all that apply. somatostatin mucous hydrochloric acid intrinsic factor pepsinogen gastrin

C D

Describe the effects of food intake on the stomach. The intake of food relaxes the middle muscle layer of the stomach muscularis. The stomach expands and the gastric pits deepen. The rugae increase their folding and the stomach expands. The rugae flatten and the stomach volume increases.

D

Identify the organ of the digestive system that primarily functions as a storage and mixing chamber. Small intestine Large intestine Oral cavity Stomach Pancreas

D

Intrinsic factor is secreted by the ______ cells of the ______. parietal, small intestine chief, stomach chief, small intestine parietal stomach

D

Stomach contents are called ______. bolus intrinsic factor hydrochloric acid gastrin chyme

E

The semi-fluid material within the stomach that is a mixture of ingested food and gastric secretions is called Blank 1 of 1.

chyme

Cholecystokinin is the hormone that is a major Blank 1 of stomach emptying and is secreted in response to the presence of fatty acids and lipids in the duodenum.

inhibitor

Vitamin B12 absorption occurs when it binds to Blank 1 of 2 Blank 2 of 2 in the small intestine.

intrinsic factor

The inflammation of the peritoneal membranes is called Blank 1 of 1.

peritonitis

Describe the membranes that line the abdominal cavity. These are mucous membranes that secrete a serous lubricating fluid. These are serous membranes that secrete a serous lubricating fluid. These are serous membranes that secrete a thick, mucous containing lubricating fluid.

B

Name the hormone which inhibits stomach emptying and is secreted in response to lipids and fatty acids in the duodenum. Gastrin Cholecystokinin Parathyroid hormone Secretin

B

What is peritonitis? An inflammation of the peritoneal membranes An infection of the mucosa An infection of the serous abdominal fluids An inflammation of the muscularis layer of the small intestine

A

Identify the functions of the stomach. Select all that apply. Some chemical digestion of lipids Some chemical digestion of proteins Some chemical digestion of carbohydrates Storage and mixing chamber

A B D

Select the three phases of swallowing. Select all that apply. Voluntary phase Esophageal phase Cardiac phase Pharyngeal phase Uvular phase

A B D

Identify the secretions of the stomach. Select all that apply. Hydrochloric acid Sucrase Mucus Gastrin Pepsinogen Amylase Enterokinase Intrinsic factor

A C D E K Reason: Sucrase is secreted by the small intestine. Reason: Amylase is secreted by both salivary glands and the pancreas.

Name factors that influence stomach emptying. Select all that apply. The volume of food; the more food in the stomach the longer it takes to empty. The time food was ingested; food ingested earlier in the day moves more quickly through the stomach. The temperature of the food; warmer foods move more quickly through the stomach. The type of food; a meal high in carbohydrates empties the fastest.

A D

Identify the functions of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Select all that apply. Activates pepsin Stimulates gastric secretions Activates salivary amylase Inactivates salivary amylase Destroys ingested bacteria

A D E

The serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal cavity is the ______. parietal peritoneum visceral peritoneum

A Reason: The visceral peritoneum covers the organs of the abdominal cavity. The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity.

Identify the hormone that promotes gastric secretions. Glucagon Gastrin Cholecystokinin Insulin Secretin

B

Mucous neck cells of the stomach produce _____ and chief cells of the stomach produce _____. mucus, intrinsic factor mucus, pepsinogen mucus, hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acid, mucus intrinsic factor, pepsinogen

B

Stomach movements that combine ingested materials and stomach secretions to form chyme are ______ waves and stomach movements that force chyme towards the pyloric sphincter are _____ waves. peristaltic, mixing mixing, peristaltic

B

Stretching the stomach wall leads to ______. decreased motility and secretion increased folding of the rugae increased motility and secretion decreased secretion of hydrogen ions

C

The distension of the stomach stimulates gastrin secretion and activates the CNS by activating the _____ phase of gastric regulation. cephalic intestinal gastric

C

The distension of the stomach stimulates gastrin secretion and activates the CNS by activating the _____ phase of gastric regulation. intestinal cephalic gastric

C

The function of intrinsic factor is to ______. increase the pH of the small intestine protect the lining of the stomach from the acidic chyme aid in the absorption of vitamin B12 convert pepsinogen into pepsin

C

The low pH of the the stomach is due to _____. the production of lipids in the gastric pits the breakdown of amino acids the action of the proton pump the absorption of ammonia from the stomach

C

The muscularis of the stomach consists of _____ layers; however, the muscularis of the majority of the digestive tract consists of _____ layers. three, four four, three three, two two, three

C

The primary functions of the stomach are ______. formation of chyme and digestion digestion and absorption store and mix chyme formation of chyme and absorption

C

How does the muscularis of the stomach differ from the muscularis of the majority of the alimentary canal? The muscularis of the stomach is smooth muscle where the majority of the muscularis of the digestive tract is skeletal muscle. The stomach has 1 layer of muscle in the muscularis and the majority of the digestive tract has 2 layers of muscle. The muscularis of the stomach is skeletal muscle where the majority of the muscularis of the digestive tract is smooth muscle. The stomach has 3 layers of muscle in the muscularis and the majority of the digestive tract only has 2 layers of muscle.

D

Peristaltic contractions that move chyme through the partially closed pyloric opening are called the ______. deglutition proton pump hunger pangs pyloric pump

D

What is peritonitis? An infection of the mucosa An infection of the serous abdominal fluids An inflammation of the muscularis layer of the small intestine An inflammation of the peritoneal membranes

D

What is the primary function of the stomach? Chemical digestion Absorption of nutrients Elimination of wastes Storage and mixing chamber

D

Identify the hormones that decrease gastric secretions and gastric motility. Select all that apply. Gastrin Glucagon Insulin Secretin Cholecystokinin

D E

True or false: Food regardless of type moves out of the stomach within 1.5 hours. True False

F Reason: The movement of food out of the stomach depends on the type of food and the volume of food.

The phases of swallowing include voluntary phase, esophageal phase and the Blank 1 of 1 phase.

pharynx

The folds of mucous membrane within the lining of the stomach that allow for stretching are called Blank 1 of 1.

rugae

The abdominal cavity is lined by Blank 1 of 1 membranes which produce a thin, lubricating film.

serous