Age phisiology and school hygiene
Sound power is measured in....
decibels
What determines muscle strength?
from muscle thickness
The tip of the tongue is most sensitive to...
sweet
The edges of the tongue are sensitive to...
sour
Adult skin area
1.5-2 m2
The respiratory rate during quiet breathing is
10 - 12 respiratory movements
Аdult pituitary diameter
10-15 mm
The rate of calcium intake in the body of a one-year-old child:
1000 mg per day
At what age is the hearing aid fully formed?
12 year
The spinal cord of a newborn is
14 cm
The volume of inhaled air in a child of 6 years
156 ml
Tactile sensitivity reaches its maximum at the age of...
17-20 years old
What ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is considered the best for children of primary school age?
1:1:6
EEG registration is a continuous record of the potential difference between __ points of the brain
2
In a newborn, muscle mass is approximately __ of the total body weight.
20%
Mass of the heart of a newborn baby:
20-24 g
In children in the first years of life, each pelvic bone consists of __ bones
3
Newborn brain mass
390 g
The total amount of blood in an adult:
4-6 liters
The length of the spinal column of a newborn the child is
40% of the length of his body
In a newborn, the volume of the cerebral region of the skull is __ times larger than the facial
6
At what age does the process of changing milk teeth to permanent teeth begin?
6-7 years
At what age are all parts of the visual system fully formed?
7 year
The final maturation of the basal nuclei and the formation of their connections with the cortex, which ensures the performance of more precise and coordinated voluntary movements, occurs at
7 years of age
The growth of the thyroid cartilage, the sharpening of the angle between its plates leads to the appearance
Adam's apple
The field of view is determined using
Forster perimeter
Author of "surface rules"
M. Rubner
Founder of School Hygiene
P. Lesgaft
Inspiratory reserve volume is...
air volume when additionally 1500-2000 ml can be injected
What is age periodization
a division into age periods of postnatal human development
What is aging
a genetically determined natural biological process that leads to a decrease in the level of functioning of the whole organism and its individual systems
The ability of children and adolescents to carry out precise, coordinated and rapid movements:
agility
Children have much lower blood pressure than adults because
all options are correct
Currently, studies of mental performance using ...
all options are correct
Focus is assessed...
all options are correct
In the process of individual development, physical development is significantly influenced...
all options are correct
Mental performance depends on...
all options are correct
Nutrients include...
all options are correct
Skin functions:
all options are correct
Tactile receptors are sensitive to...
all options are correct
The electroencephalogram captures the wave:
all options are correct
The magnitude of the pressure is determined mainly ...
all options are correct
The nature of the EEG is determined ...
all options are correct
Which of the types of skin reception is inherent in the human body
all options are correct
At what age do the first teeth begin to erupt?
at 6-8 months after birth
Method for determining the absolute threshold of sensitivity of the human auditory analyzer to sounds of different frequencies
audiometry
Capturing and processing sound information of a different nature (noises, human speech, etc.). is a function...
auditory analyzer
The amount of food consumed should correspond to the age needs in the 'building material' and energy costs of a person
balanced nutrition concept
The shock-absorbing function of the spine exists due
bends
The root of the tongue is sensitive to...
bitter
Human:
bone marrow
The set of processes that ensure the exchange of gases between the environment and the body, where the latter receives oxygen, which goes to the reaction of glucose oxidation in cells in order to obtain energy, is called ...
breath
The ability to hold the head and back in children develops
by 2 months
Verbal-logical (theoretical) thinking manifests itself
by 8-9 years
The curvature of the spine in children leads to a high content in the bones
collagen
Individual acquired reactions of the body to stimuli of the external and internal environment with the participation of the higher part of the central nervous system - the cerebral cortex
conditioned reflexes
They are formed with a repeated combination of a conditioned signal (light, sound, smell, etc.) and an unconditioned reinforcement (food, pain, etc.).
conditioned reflexes
The smallest distance between two irritated points on the skin surface, at which two irritations are perceived as separate
discrimination threshold
Three parameters (weight, height, chest circumference) correspond to each other
disharmonious development
Muscle strength is measured using:
dynamometer
The recording of biopotentials (biocurrents) of the working brain, which reflects the total postsynaptic activity of cortical neurons, is ...
electroencephalogram
The human digestive system develops from:
endoderm
According to the classification of Ivanov-Smolensky, children in whom positive conditioned reflexes are developed easily, negative ones are difficult:
excitable
Bactericidal properties of dirty skin
fall sharply 17 times lower than that of clean skin
What processes are regulated by insulin?
growth process
Three parameters (weight, height, chest circumference) correspond to age, or they are all equally increased, or decreased by more than 10%
harmonious development
Somatometric indicators of the body
height, weight, head and chest circumference
A set of complex forms of activity of the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures that ensure the interaction of the whole organism in the environment
higher nervous activity
At what age can a child perceive smells?
immediately after birth
When does the development of the gonads begin?
in embryos at the 5th week
Skin receptors first appear
in the skin of the lips and the mucous membrane of the tongue.
In the presence of fatigue in the central nervous system, the latent period of the reaction...
increases
According to the classification of Ivanov-Smolensky, children who have difficulty developing positive and negative conditioned reflexes:
inert
According to the classification of Ivanov-Smolensky, children whose (positive conditioned reflexes are difficult to develop, negative ones are easy):
inhibitory
Depends on the number of molecules of gustatory substance of the stimulus and the number of active centers ...
intensity of taste reaction
The number of movements that the child is able to make per unit of time:
speed
__ reflects the ability of the optical system of the eye to build a clear image on the retina
isual acuity
According to the classification of Ivanov-Smolensky, children who easily form positive and inhibitory conditioned reflexes:
labile
The time during which a person responds with motor reactions to an external stimulus is called ...
latent period
Time of passage of the nerve impulse from the receptor to the muscle
latent period
The space within which all its points are visible at a fixed position of the eye
line of sight
Arterial blood pressure in children compared to adults:
lower
The vital capacity of the lungs is
maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum entry
.Methods of age physiology are
observation and experiment
Basal metabolic rate is measured using...
oxyspirograph
Measurements of body functions (muscle strength, arterial blood pressure, lung capacity, etc.) are
physiometry
What delays the process of ossification of the phalanges of the fingers, which leads to their lengthening
playing musical instruments from an early age
Assessment of the body structure by external signs (shape of the spine, posture, puberty, etc.) are
somatoscopy
When proportionality indices correspond to age norms
proportional development
Rh factor is...
protein agglutinogen
Methods for studying mental performance
psychophysiological methods
In children, the ability of muscles to __is poorly expressed.
relax
The most common hypovitaminosis in children:
rickets
An indicator that characterizes the general state of the nervous system and shows how quickly the processes leading to the body's response to some stimulus are carried out
speed of excitation
The vital capacity of the lungs is measured using:
spirometer
-is a person's ability to prolonged muscle contraction, that is, it characterizes the ability to continue muscle work with developing fatigue.
strength endurance
What does age-related anatomy and physiology study?
study of the patterns of formation and development of the structure and functions of the body throughout its life path - from fertilization to the end of life
By the time of birth, the most mature food unconditioned reflexes are:
sucking, swallowing
Oval-shaped formations that contain receptor (taste) cells are
taste buds
The method of "transverse sections" is
that in a large group of children of different ages, the main age indicators of the body are measured
What is acceleration
the acceleration of age-related development by shifting morphogenesis to earlier stages of ontogenesis
The functional residual capacity is...
the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a quiet exhalation
With complete muscle rest, lying down, on an empty stomach, after 14-16 hours of fasting at an external temperature of 16-18ºС, __ is measured
the basal metabolism
The energy costs of the body at rest, associated with maintaining the minimum level of metabolic processes necessary for the life of cells, is called
the basic metabolism
The total lung capacity is...
the largest amount of air that completely fills the lungs
The absolute sensitivity threshold of the auditory analyzer is
the minimum sound intensity that can cause an auditory sensation or some kind of response
What does the human nervous system develop from?
the outer germ layer (ectoderm)
What does school hygiene study?
the science of strengthening and maintaining the health of children and adolescents by creating optimal conditions for education and upbringing
Respiratory volume is...
the volume of air that a person inhales and exhales during quiet breathing
What is growth?
this is an increase in the length, volume and body weight of children and adolescents, associated with an increase in the number of tissue cells
What is ontogeny
this is the period of individual development of a living organism from the moment of fertilization of the egg to the natural end of individual life
What is the curvature of the spine in the thoracic region called?
thoracic kyphosis
The maximum amount of information that the organs of vision are able to register per unit of time
throughput
The human kidney grows
to 30-40 years
Deficiency of thyroid hormones and the newborn can lead
to cretinism
Blood pressure is measured using:
tonometer
Congenital protective reactions of the body to stimuli of the external and internal environment with the participation of the lower parts of the central nervous system - the spinal cord or brain stem
unconditioned reflexes
Boys and girls have the same muscle strength
up to primary school age
Blood pressure is
variable pressure under which blood is in a blood vessel
By determining the smallest distance between two points, sufficient so that they do not merge, so that the rays from them fall on different receptors of the retina, it is measured
visual acuity