Ahern Theology III Semester 1 Exam
Amen
"I believe"
Confession
Acknowledging and telling one's sins to a priest. Honest confession of sins is an *essential part* of the Sacrament of Penance.
idolatry
excessive or blind adoration; worship of an object
Theological virtues
faith, hope, love/charity
Two kinds of priesthood
*Communal:* (Community), the laity-(all those baptized) possess the gift of proclaiming the praises of God as incorporated into christ who is priest, prophet, and king. The baptized share in one priesthood of Jesus Christ by participating in his mission as priest. prophet and king. *Ministerial:* Through the ordained ministry, especially that of bishops and priests, the presence of Christ as head of the Church is made visible in the midst of the community of believers.
Baptism
*Matter*: washing with water *Form:* "I baptize you in the name of the father and of the son and of the holy spirit." *Minister:* ordained minister; anyone who says the words intending the sacrament when there is danger of death *Effects:* remission of both actual and Original sin, as well as punishment due to sin; reception of the indelible character of Christ *Recipient:* unbaptized, living person
Anointing
*Matter:* anointing with oil of the sick *Form:* "Through this holy anointing may the Lord in his love and mercy help you with the Grace of the Holy Spirit. May the Lord who frees us from sin save you and raise you up." *Minister:* priest *Effects:* union to the Passion of Christ; strength, peace, endurance; forgiveness of sings, preparation for death *Recipient:* baptized Christian at the age of reason, who is alive, sick and in danger of death, and either consciously desires it, or unconscious and can be presumed to want it
Reconciliation
*Matter:* contrition, confession, satisfaction *Form:* "I absolve you from your sins in the name of the father and of the son and of the holy spirit." *Minister:* priest *Effects:* reconciliation with God; healing of the soul weakened by sin; peace of conscience; regain merits lost through mortal sin *Recipient:* baptized Christian guilty of personal sin, contrite, confessing, willing to make satisfaction
Confirmation
*Matter:* imposition of hands, anointing of the forehead with chrism (oil blessed by bishop) *Form:* "Be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit." *Minister:* bishop; priest who has been granted faculty by bishop *Effects:* increase in Baptismal gifts; obliges and disposes recipient to believe and defend the faith *Recipient:* unconfirmed, baptized, properly prepared person
Eucharist
*Matter:* unleavened wheat bread, grape wine *Form:* "This is my body, which will be given up for you...This is the cup of my blood, the blood of the new and everlasting covenant. It will be shed for you and for many so that sins may be forgiven. Do this in memory of me." *Minister:* priest for consecration, ordained ministers and properly appointed extraordinary lay ministers for distribution *Effects:* communion with Christ and his mystical body (the church); increase in sanctifying grace; blotting out venial sins, protects against mortal sins *Recipient:* baptized, at the age of reason, in sanctifying grace, having fasted 1 hour
Grace: sanctifying, actual, sacramental
*actual:* God's interventions and support for us in the everyday moments of our lives; they are important for conversion and for continuing growth in holiness *sanctifying:* the grace that heals our human nature wounded by sin and restores us to friendship with God by giving us a share in the divine life of the Trinity; it is a supernatural gift of God, infused into our souls by the Holy Spirit, that continues the work of making us holy *sacramental:* the gifts of the 7 sacraments
goal of level 2 happiness
-finding happiness in ego gratification -comes when we are in control, admired, or superior -sources: achievement, winning, praise/popularity, power
goal of level 4 happiness
-finding happiness in the perfect and unconditional love of God and living for God and others; committing to God and his plan
goal of level 3 happiness
-finding happiness is doing good for another person and making a positive difference in someone's life -not about doing more but being more
goal of level 1 happiness
-finding immediate happiness in physical pleasures or possession of material things -physical gratification through fulfillment of five senses -these pleasures are so fleeting that they must constantly be replaced, and until that happens, our happiness is on hold
The four levels of happiness
1- Material Pleasures 2- Ego Gratification 3- Contribution to Others 4- God's Perfect Love; Ultimate Good
Manna
A sweet bread-like food that God provided for the Israelites in the desert
"mystery"
A truth about God and his saving plan that will always be beyond human understanding
Liturgy of the Hours
Also known as the Divine Office, the official, public, daily prayer of the Catholic Church. The Divine Office provides standard prayers, Scripture readings, and reflections at regular hours throughout the day
Symbol
An object or action that points us to another reality. It leads us to look beyond our senses to consider a deeper mystery.
Sacraments of Initiation
Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist
Adoration
Eucharistic adoration is a practice in which the Blessed Sacrament is adored by the faithful, time for prayer and reflection
Sacraments of Communion
Holy Orders and Holy Matrimony
Transubstantiation
In the Sacrament of the Eucharist, this is the name given to the action of changing the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ.
Melchizedek
Priest who blessed Abraham, typology of Jesus
Sacraments of Healing
Reconciliation and Anointing of the Sick
Pentecost
The fiftieth day following Easter, which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit on the early Apostles and disciples.
Last Supper
The Passover meal taken by Christ with his apostles the night before his Passion. Through this meal, Christ instituted the Holy Eucharist and the priesthood
RCIA
The Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults; The process by which anyone of catechetical age is initiated into the Catholic Church
Original Holiness and Justice
The state of man and woman before sin. "From their friendship with God flowed the happiness of their existence in paradise."
thanksgiving
a form of prayer that involves expressing gratitude or thanks to God for all that he gives to and for us
praise
a form of prayer whereby we acknowledge God and his goodness and glorify him for who he is
Venial sin
a less serious offense against the will of God that diminishes one's personal character and weakens but does not rupture one's relationship with God
intercession
a prayer on behalf of another person or group
petition
a prayer where we ask God for something
Contrition (& attrition)
an *attitude of sorrow* for a sin committed and a resolution not to sin again; it is a response to God's gracious love and forgiveness
satisfaction
an act whereby the *sinner makes amends*, especially in reparation to God for offenses against him
Mortal sin- why mortal? What must be present?
an action so contrary to the will of God that it results in complete separation from God and his grace; as a consequence of that separation, the person is condemned to eternal death; for a sin to be a mortal sin, three conditions must be met: the act must involve grave matter, the person must have full knowledge of the evil of the act, and the person must give his or her full consent to committing the act
definition of sacrament
an efficacious sign of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed to us -baptism, eucharist, confirmation, penance and reconciliation, anointing of the sick, matrimony, holy orders
Absolution
an essential part of the sacrament of penance and reconciliation in which the priest pardons the sins of the person confessing, in the name of God and the Church
Typology
an event, place, or person in the Old Testament that foreshadows an event, person, or place in the New Testament
Sin
any deliberate offense, in thought, word, or deed, against the will of God
arbitrary
based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system
principle of non-contradiction
something cannot both be and not be at the same time in the same way
sacrilege
improper or disrespectful treatment of something held sacred
absolute
it is universal and permanent; true without exception -mathematical principles, history, logic
relative
it might be true, depending on relation to situation
subjective
statements that need someone to think/believe it--> preferences, delusions
Substance vs. Accidents
substance is the actual material thing whereas the accidents are the appearances or reality of the thing
Holiness
perfection of charity -in order to reach this perfection the faithful should use the strength dealt out to them by Christ's gift so that doing the will of the Father in everything, they may wholeheartedly devote themselves to the glory of God and to service of their neighbor
objective
real, true; concerned with realities and not the thinking of the person; detached and without prejudice; a purpose, something aimed for
eros
romantic love
How to avoid sinning in the future
run away from the occasions that cause you to sin, ask for the grace of God, postpone the sin, replace sin with a good activity, image repercussions
Benediction
the act of blessing
materialism
the belief in only material things; no belief in a spirit, soul, or afterlife
moral relativism
the belief that there is no real right or wrong, but thinking makes it so -people are the ones who determine morality
lex orandi, lex credendi
the law of praying is the law of believing
Reconciliation
the liturgical celebration of *God's forgiveness* of sin, through which the sinner is *reconciled* with both God and the church
the natural moral law
the moral order that is part of God's design for creating the law that expresses the original moral sense, enabling people to discern good and evil through the use of reason -we have a natural inclination to know and choose good
Tabernacle
the place where Consecrated Hosts are kept after the celebration of the Mass
divination/magic
the practice that seeks to foretell future events or discover hidden knowledge, usually by the aid of supernatural powers
Catechesis
the process by which Christians of all ages are taught the essentials of Christian doctrine and are formed as disciples of Christ
Providence
the protective care of God or of nature as a spiritual power
efficacious
the sacraments are efficacious, meaning that they are effective and that they actually work because Christ is at work with them
Trinity
the truth that God, although one, is three Divine Persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
empiricism
the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation -belief that the only things that we can know are empirically proven/given
Paschal Mystery
the work of salvation accomplished by Jesus Christ mainly through his Passion, death, Resurrection, and Ascension.
Penance
voluntary self-punishment in order to *atone* for some wrongdoing
agape
you desire what is good for the other, not what the other wants, but the objective good of the other