AICE International Chapter 4
World War 2
1939-1945 - a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It started after Germany took Poland which did not abide by the agreements at the Munich Conference . The two sides were Axis and Allies
Nine Power Treaty
A 1922 treaty affirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China as per the Open Door Policy. It was signed by the US, Belgium, Britain, China, France, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, and Portugal
Kwantung Army
A army group of the Imperial Japanese Army in the first half of the 20th century. It became the largest and most prestigious command in the IJA.
Japan's Warload Era
A decade- long period when national authority in china disintegrated and the country was ruled by powerful military leaders
Sun-Yat-Sen
A educated abroad and graduated as a doctor of medicene. He became a professional revolutionary, toruing Europed and the USA to raise funds for an organization called the : Save China League". Risking imprisonment he returned to China several times to campaign for a revolution against the Manchy Dynasty, but he was in USA whrn the revolutionary finally took place.
Hideki Tojo
A general of Imperial Japsnese Army the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, and 27th prime minister during WW2. He was reponsible for the attack of Pearl Harbor.
Inukai Tsuyoshi
A japanese politician cabinet minister and Prime minister of Japan. His assasination marked the end of party participation in the Japanese government in the period preceding WW2. He was killed on May 15th
Taiping Rebellion
A large scale rebellion or civil war in China fought between the established Manchu led Qing dynasty and the Christian millenarian movement of the Taiping heavenly Kingdom between 1850 and 1864
Kuomintang
A major political party in the Republic of China. It is currently the largest opposition party in the Legislative Yuan.
Karl Marx
A philosopher, economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, journalist and revolutionary socialist. He published the " Communist Manifesto" and formed a basis for Marxism.
Manifesto
A policy document designed to win support for a political party of group.
Kijuro Shidehara
A prominent pre- ww1 Japanese diplomant and the 44th Prime Minister of Japan from October 9,1945 to May 22, 1946. Born September 13, 1872 died March 1, 1951
Pearl Harbor Attack
A surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the USA naval base in Hawaii territory on the morning of December 7,1941
Four Power Treaty
A treaty signed the US, Britain, France, and Japan at the Washington Naval Conferencce. It was partly a follow-on to the Langing- Ishii Treaty signed between the United States and Japan.
Mao Zedong
A well-educated son of a wealthy peasant farmer. While working in the library of the University in Peking he was exposed to Marxist Political Philosophy. He became a communist who was convinced that Chinas future laid in the hands of peasants and working classes. He was impressed by Lenins achievements following the Russian Revolution of 1912.He though the country should take the same path.
Manchu Dynasty
AKA Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing was the last imperial Dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912. It was the fourth- largest empire by maximum land area.
May the Fourth Movement
An anti- imperialist, cultural, and political movement growing gout of student participants in Beijing on May 4. 1919, protesting against thee Chinese governments weak response to the Treaty of Versallies especially allowing Japn to receive territories in shandong which had been surendered by Germany after the Siege of Tsigtao. They sparked national protest and marked the upsurge of Chinese nationalism.
Red Army of China
Chinas Communist Revolution. The revolutionary Red Army came into being in August 1927. On the basis of Mao Zedongs theory of " people war" it was to have both a political and social role. from distributing propaganda among the masses to arming them and helping them establish revolutionary political power.
Joseph Stalin
Communist dictator of the Soviet Union. He transformed the peasant society into an industrial military superpower. He ruled a communists party
Yuan-shih- kai
During the Boxer rebellion, He fought aganist the Chinese rebels. This gained him the respect of the foreign powers, who provided him with loans that allowed him to develop his Beiyang Army into the most powerful force in China. After becoming the president of the new republic Yuan ruled autocratically but brought a measure of stability to China. However, his move to make himself "Great Empire Of China" ensured his overthrought.
Sino- Japanese War
Fought between the Qing Empire and Empire of Japan. This marked the emergence of Japan as a major world power and demonstrated the weaknesss of the chinese empire. The war grew out of conflicts of both sides and the supremacy in Korea. (Japna and Kore) fought.
Isoroku Yamamoto
Japanese admiral who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 (1884-1943)
The Long March
Military Conflict. A military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist party of China.
Three Principles
Nationalism, Democracy, and socialism. The ideological basis of the political program of the Chinese Nationalist leader Sun-Yat- Sen
Sino- Soviet Non-Agression Pact
Pact signed in Nanjing on August 21, 1937, between the Republic of China and the Soviet Union during the second sino-Japanese war. It went into the effect on the day it was signed.
Dynasties
Royal families. Each dynasty in China was founded by a powerful warlord and lasted only as long as they remained strong enough to meet its rivals .
Democracy
System of government by which citizens excersize power by electing representatives to form a governing body
Emperor Hirohito
The 124th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession reigning from December 25, 1926 until his death. He took over at the time of rising democratic settlement but his country soon turned toward ultra- nationalism and militarism. He was emperor during WW2.
Chinese Communist Party
The founding and ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China. This is the sole governing party of China, permitting only eight others, subordinated parties to co-exist, those making up the United Front.
Open Door Policy
The idea that all countries should be able to freely trade within the luctrative Chinese market. This was first suggested by the USA in the late 19th century as a way of protecting US economic intrests.
National Revolution Army
The military arm of the Kuomintang in the Republic of China from 1925 untill 1947
Hong Xiuquan
Was a Hakka Chinese leader of the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty
Chiang Kai- Shek/Jiang Jieshi
formes president of the republic of china he also was the leader of the guamnidang the national revoulutionary army and the chinese republic between 1926 and 1949
New Culture Movement(China)
mid 1910s-1920s sprang from the disillusionment with traditional chinese culture following the failure of the chinese republic founded in 1912 to address chinas problems
Northern March
miliatary advance by the KMT forces with the aim of destroying the powers if regional warlords and creating a unified China under KMT gov in 1926