Anatomy: Heart
the fossa ovale, smooth depressed surface
At the back of the right atrium is what?
fibrous pericardium
N
posterior vein of left ventricle
N.
papillary muscle - Location: * Where the chorda tendinea originates - Function: * Helps keep the AV valves closed during ventricular contraction - Mnemonic * Pap= pappy helping a momma keep normal with her child birth contractions to keep it AVerage
Name the structure, location and function
Aortic Semilunar Valve - Location: * on the left side of the chordae tendineae - Function: * prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles - Mnemonic * aortic = preventing abnormal blood from into the ventricles
Name the structure, location, and function
Fibrous pericardium
Outermost tough layer around the heart
Left Subclavian
artery that comes off of the aortterm-55ic arch (left artery); goes into arm
Left common carotid
artery that conducts blood up left side of neck
right coronary artery
artery vascularizing the right side of the heart
right coronary artery - Location: * goes all the way down to the right atrium to the right side of the back of the heart - Function: * supplies blood to the right side of the heart - Mnemonic * coroner = coronary, supplies bodies to the graveyard, like supplies blood to the heart
artery vascularizing the right side of the heart
Brachiocephallic trunk
gives rise to right common and rise subclavian
Anterior interventrincular artery (AKA LAD)
name this structure that gives off the diagonal artery from the left coronary artery
bicuspid (mitral) valve, anterior cusp
14
tricuspid valve
14.
ascending aorta
15
left brachiocephalic vein
15
pectinate muscles
15.
left auricle
16
crista terminalis
16.
interventricular septum, membranous part
17.
right atrium
18.
Right auricle
2
pulmonary valve, left cusp
2
auricle of right atrium
C
bicuspid (mitral) valve, posterior cusp
C
left atrium
C.
Right atrium
G.
trabeculae carneae
name this structure
bicuspid (mitral) valve, posterior cusp
13
* deoxygenated RBCs go through the left and right brachiocephalic veins * to drain into the SVC, drains all the deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs (legs)
* Where do deoxygenated RBCs go through to become oxygenated again? * why does it do this?
SVC
1
pulmonary valve, anterior cusp
1
left lung
13
chordae tendineae
13.
ascending aorta
14
SVC
1.
left atrium (cut open)
10
left ventricle
10
apex
10.
SVC
11
pericardium
11
papillary muscle
11.
left ventricle
12
pulmonary trunk
12
trabeculae carnae on the right ventricle
12.
left auricle
2.
pulmonary valve, right cusp
3
right atrium
3
left coronary artery
3.
aortic valve, left cusp
4
right lung
4
great cardiac vein
4.
Pericardium
5
aortic valve, right cusp
5
Aortic valve (semilunar)
5.
aortic valve, posterior cusp
6
right ventricle
6
Bicuspid (mitral) valve and chordae tendinea
6.
diaphragm
7
right ventricle
7
papillary muscles
7.
fat in epicardium
8
right auricle
8
left ventricular wall
8.
apex of the heart
9
right atrium
9
interventricular septum
9.
pulmonary valve, left cusp
A
Parietal layer of serous pericardium
A.
left pulmonary artery
A.
Fetal Life: foramen ovale = fetal remnant
Adult Life: Fossa Ovale
Fetal Life: Ductus Arteriosus mnemonic: me and my mom, us!
Adult Life: Ligamentum Arteriosum Mnemonic: M for me all day
bicuspid (mitral) valve, anterior cusp
B
SVC
B.
right pulmonary artery
B.
Ascending Aorta
Branches off the left ventricle; carries oxygen rich blood to parts of the body above the heart
right atrium
D
tricuspid valve, septal cusp
D
superior vena cava
D.
anterior cardiac vein
E
tricuspid valve, posterior cusp
E
superior right pulmonary vein
E.
right coronary artery
F
tricuspid valve, anterior cusp
F
inferior right pulmonary vein
F.
aortic valve, posterior cusp
G
marginal branch of right coronary artery
G
Diaphragm (covered with parietal pleura)
H
aortic valve, right cusp
H
Inferior vena cava
H.
aortic valve, left cusp
I
right ventricle
I
great cardiac vein
I.
Endocardium
Innermost layer of the the heart
pulmonary valve, right cusp
J
visceral layer of serous pericardium (on heart surface)
J
Coronary sinus
J.
Left ventricle
K
pulmonary valve, anterior cusp
K
Middle cardiac vein AND posterior interventricular artery
K.
great cardiac vein
L
Right ventricle
L.
Crista terminalis - Location: *Line where pectinate muscle stops (terminate like stopping or ending) ;landmark used to locate veins entering right atrium - Function: * junction between the sinus venosus and the heart in the developing embryo - Mnemonic * crista = Christening, terminalis = deleting the snotty devil. babies junction between terminating the snotty devil and helping to develop Christ following embryo
Line where pectinate muscle stops (terminate like stopping or ending) ;landmark used to locate veins entering right atrium
anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery
M
Apex
M.
Bundle of His - Location: *From the AV node and down into the bundle of tissue in the interventricular septum; bifurcates into 2 branches that are V shaped - Function: * translate the electrical impulse from the AV node to the purkinje fibers of the ventricles - Mnemonic *
Name the structure, location, and function
Circumflex Artery - Location: * Vessel that goes all around the head; gives off a few arteries, similar to the marginal artery
Name the structure, location, and function
Esophagus - Location: *smoothie tube how food gets from the mouth into the stomach - Function: * - Mnemonic *
Name the structure, location, and function
Moderator Band/septomarginal trabeculae - Location: * Raised portion in the right ventricles - Function: * communicates to the right branch of the AV bundle of the conducting system - Mnemonic * Moderator like communicator like telling you what to do.
Name the structure, location, and function
Myocardium - Location: * Cutting into the heart to see the muscle tissue that makes up the walls - Function: * responsible for keeping the heart pumping blood around the body - Mnemonic * My= mine, cardium = hear drum beat. keeps my heart beating like a drum
Name the structure, location, and function
Parietal pericardium - Location: * Inside layer of the fibrous pericardium - Function: * - Mnemonic *
Name the structure, location, and function
Pectinate muscle - Location: *muscles that line the wall of the atria
Name the structure, location, and function
Pericardial cavity - Location: * space between the fibrous pericardium and the heart - Function: * Filled with serous fluid to lubricate the heart - Mnemonic *
Name the structure, location, and function
Pulmonary Trunk - Location: * Large vessel above the pulmonary semilunar valve; the pulmonary trunk bifurcates into 2 vessels
Name the structure, location, and function
Purkinje Fibers - Location: * Wispy fibers that come off of the bundle branches - Function: * Where signal finally terminates/ ends - Mnemonic * funky fibers at the ends of the V shaped left and right bundle branches
Name the structure, location, and function
Semilunar valves - Location: * at the base of each major artery that leaves the ventricles - Function: * Helps transmit blood from the ventricle outside of the heart somewhere; leaving the head
Name the structure, location, and function
Trabeculae Carnae: - Location: * Under the ventricles - Mnemonic * Trabeculae carne asada
Name the structure, location, and function
apex - Location: *lower tip of the heart; point at bottom of the heart
Name the structure, location, and function
artrioventricular node (AV node) - Location: * The signal moves from the SA node across the right atrium to a node that's buried in the interatrial septum * located in the septum between two atria - Function: * Helps the atria move signals down into the ventricles (how they communicate) * the nodes don't contract, they spark - Mnemonic * Afterwards node
Name the structure, location, and function
bicuspid (mitral) valve - Location: * has 2 valve flaps - Function: * Permit a one way flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles - Mnemonic * bicuspid = cussing, can only go one direction from there from the atria to the ventricles
Name the structure, location, and function
conis arteriosus - Location: * For the RBCs become oxygenated it heads towards the lungs - Function: * - Mnemonic *
Name the structure, location, and function
endocardium - Location: *Anything toughing anything inside all the way of the chamber * lines the inside of all the chambers along with all the valves - Function: * helps provide protection to the valves and the heart chambers - Mnemonic * endo= inside, pretty much everything inside the walls of the chambers
Name the structure, location, and function
fibrous pericardium - Location: * sandwich bag looking structure surrounding the heart; tough and hard to pull apart - Function: * protecting the heart - Mnemonic *
Name the structure, location, and function
great cardiac vein - Location: * On the left side of the heart * On the front of the heart, runs with the circumflex all around to about before #24 heading up * looks like a pitchfork - Function: * carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Name the structure, location, and function
inferior vena cava (IVC) - Location: * below the SVC - Function: * drains deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs (legs) - Mnemonic * cava = cave, lower cave Name the structure, location, and function
Name the structure, location, and function
interatrial septum
Name the structure, location, and function
interventricular septum - Location: * Wall between two the right and left ventricles
Name the structure, location, and function
left atrium - Location: * Is huge across the back of the heart - Function: * receives oxygenated blood from the lungs - Mnemonic * left train = left atrium. get the cargo (oxygenated blood) from the lungs
Name the structure, location, and function
left auricle - Location: * Top of the atria, flaps of tissues - Function: * Allows the atria to expand when they fill with blood - Mnemonic * (think of the ear bc of earmuffs)
Name the structure, location, and function
left bundle branch - Location: * forms within the interventricular septum at the junction of the membranous and muscular parts - Function: * -stimulates purkinje fibers - Mnemonic * LBB rhymes with V, on the left side of the V
Name the structure, location, and function
left coronary artery - Location: * beginning of the pulmonary trunk before immediately bifurcating - Function: * supplies oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart * when this is blocked, the blood supply to the heart is reduced - Mnemonic * Coroner = coronary, supplies bodies to the graveyard like supplies blood to the heart
Name the structure, location, and function
left ventricle - Function: * pumps oxygenated blood to the body * when this contracts, the Aortic semi-lunar valve will open and blood will rush
Name the structure, location, and function
papillary muscles - Location: *on the end (of the string like structures) of the AV valve. - Function: * When the muscles contract they pull on the strings (chordae tendineae) to keep the valves closed. Kinda like one way doors. * Basically helps keep the AV valves closed during ventricular contraction - Mnemonic * Pap= pappy helping a momma keep normal with her child birth contractions to keep it AVerage
Name the structure, location, and function
posterior interventricular artery
Name the structure, location, and function
posterior left ventricular artery - Function: * Drains up into the great cardiac vein
Name the structure, location, and function
pulmonary artery - Location: *On the pulmonary trunk, has deoxygenated blood bc it carries blood away from the heart
Name the structure, location, and function
pulmonary semilunar valve - Location: * On the right side of the chordae tendineae - Function: * Prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles - Mnemonic * pulmonary semilunar = half pulp to keep juice from going certain places
Name the structure, location, and function
right atrium - Location: * superior to the right ventricle and medial to the left atrium - Function: * Receives deoxygenated blood from the body * directs blood into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve - Mnemonic * rd, ardy, arty, atrium= train to right ventricle
Name the structure, location, and function
right bundle branch
Name the structure, location, and function
right marginal artery - Location: * a branch of the right coronary artery, branches off at the inferior border of the heart and passes to the left towards the apex - Function: * Supplies the right ventricle - Mnemonic: * margin = mark where to supply blood to the right ventricle
Name the structure, location, and function
right ventricle - Location: * - Function: * pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs - Mnemonic * Name the structure, location, and function
Name the structure, location, and function
serous pericardium - Location: * Is the serous fluid for the pericardium and epicardium - Function: * - Mnemonic *
Name the structure, location, and function
sinoatrial node (SA node) - Location: * In the wall of the right atrium; this is where the electrical signal starts - Function: * Natural pacemaker of the heart; resting heart rate of the heart * the nodes spark, not contract - Mnemonic * SA= SAve me now node!!
Name the structure, location, and function
small cardiac vein - Location: * On the right side of the heart that runs with the right coronoid artery
Name the structure, location, and function
visceral pericardium (epicardium) - Location: * When the heart is taken out of the fibrous pericardium * the innermost layer of the pericardial sac that surrounds the heart but the outermost layer of the wall of the heart - Function: * prevents heart from stretching too much and overflowing with blood - Mnemonic * Epic= large, dium = dumb. so: stop being large dummy
Name the structure, location, and function
auricle of left pericardium
O
left ventricle
O.
pulmonary trunk
P
circumflex artery
P.
ascending aorta
Q
inferior left pulmonary vein
Q.
great cardiac vein
R.
auricle of left atrium
S.
Pericardial cavity
Serous fluid in between the fibrous pericardium and the heart helping to ease / lubricate the heart
SA Node -> AV Node -> Bundle of His -> Split off from this are the right and left bundle branches -> then it ends in the purkinge fibers
Steps of the conduction system in order
papillary muscle - Location: * Where the chorda tendinea originates - Function: * Helps keep the AV valves closed during ventricular contraction - Mnemonic * Pap= pappy helping a momma keep normal with her child birth contractions to keep it AVerage
Structure from which chordae tendineae originate
Superior left pulmonary vein
T.
Aorta
The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.
diagonal artery
This Artery Supplies the left Ventricular wall
Where do deoxygenated RBCs go through to become oxygenated again?
Through the left and right brachiocephallic veins to drain into the SVC, which drains all the D.blood from the head, arms, and most of the chest
Risk of pericarditis = friction of the heart
Too little fluid in the heart
Risk of tamponade ; restriction of the heart
Too much fluid in the heart
Right Auricle
Tops of the atria (think of the ear bc of earmuffs) flaps of tissues allows atria to expand when they fill with blood
* All cardiac veins carry deoxygenated blood * They drain into the coronary sinus
What do all cardiac veins carry? What do they drain into?
An artificial pacemaker needs to be put in
What happens if the SA Node malfunctions?
The right side of the heart will deal with deoxygenated blood Mneumonic: RD; like Arty, like Chef boy Ardy/ Arty
What side of the heart will deal with deoxygenated blood?
the left side of the heart will deal with oxygenated blood
What side of the heart will deal with oxygenated blood?
a large red circle, the opening for the IVC
When looking down at the right atrium what structure can be seen?
the opening of the SVC
When looking up at the right atrium what structure can be seen?
Muscle walls are thickest on the heart
Where are muscle walls the thickest?
Then it pushes the blood into the aorta
Where does blood go if it accidently goes into the right ventricle (can contract)?
The coronary sinus drains into the chamber that receives the deoxygenated blood in the body, the right atrium
Where does the coronary sinus drain into?
Opening for Coronary Sinus
Where oxygen-poor blood from coronary circulation drains into right atrium
opening for coronary sinus
Where oxygen-poor blood from coronary circulation drains into right atrium
The heart gets blood before any other muscle, artery, or vein
Which structure gets blood before any other structure in the body?
Because of the pressure and flow of blood, they need to open and close at certain times to ensure the direction of correct blood flow.
Why do chambers go through valves, how does it happen?
Because it is closed up with tissue left in adult life because it doesn't have pulmonary circulation since our lungs wouldn't be able to oxygenate that blood that way.
Why does the ductus arteriosus become a Ligamentum Arteriosus?
atrioventricular node (a.v node)
a node of specialized heart muscle located in the septal wall of the right atrium
opening for SVC
name this structure
Descending Aorta
branches into the thoracic and abdominal aortae
chordae tendinea
chords that anchor the tricuspid and bicuspid valves
opening for inferior vena cava
name this structure
right and left brachiocephalic veins
drain the head, neck, and upper extremities and unite to form the superior vena cava
Coronary Sinus
enlarged vessel on the posterior aspect of the heart that empties blood into the right atrium
coronary sinus
enlarged vessel on the posterior aspect of the heart that empties blood into the right atrium
Myocardium
muscle layer of the heart
chordae tendinea - Location: * long, fibrous cord like structures that anchor the valve flaps to the papillary muscles - Function: * The chordae tendinea and the papillary muscles help keep the AV valves closed during ventricular contraction. - Mnemonic: Cord = chordae & Tension = tendinea
name the structure, location, and the function
pulmonary veins - Location: * 2 on each side of the heart, the left and right. - Function: * They all empty into the left atrium chamber where newly oxygenated blood comes CHECK IM NOT SURE or goes into the left atrium - Mnemonic *
name the structure, location, and the function
Opening for Pulmonary Veins
name this structure
bicuspid (mitral) valve
name this structure
opening for IVC
name this structure
pulmonary vein
one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
visceral pericardium (epicardium)
outer layer of the heart
parietal pericardium (pericardial sac)
outer layer of the pericardium; inside layer of the fibrous pericardium
S.A Node
pacemaker of the heart
Pectinate Muscle
prominent ridges lining the surface of the atria
Trabiculae carnae
raised muscle fibers in the right ventricle that help with conduction
Superior Vena Cava
receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart
great cardiac vein
runs alongside the anterior interventricular artery
middle cardiac vein - Location: * Runs with the posterior interventricular artery - Function: * This one establishes dominance - Mnemonic *
runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery
circumflex artery
supplies the left atrium and the posterior walls of the left ventricle
pulmanary artery
the artery carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
chordae tendineae
thin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting
tricuspid valve / atrium ventricular valve (the AV Valve) - Location: * Between the atria and the ventricles * Connects to the right atrium * Has 3 valve flaps - Function: * Helps transmit blood from one of the atria to one of the ventricles - Mnemonic * Name the structure, location, and function
valve between right atrium and right ventricle
