Anatomy Lab #2

In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane.

What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

Active transport is ATP dependent, whereas passive transport uses only the kinetic energy of the particles for movement across the plasma membrane.

What is the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane?

ATP (hydrolysis)

What is the energy source used by the calcium pump during its normal operation?

A

Which of the following best describes osmosis? A. diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane B. random movement of water due to kinetic energy C. movement of water into a solute D. active transport of water across the cell membrane E. diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration

A

Which of the following can be true of both active transport and facilitated diffusion? A. Lipid-insoluble solutes are transported across the membrane by a carrier protein. B. Cellular energy is required for the transport. C. A solute pump is required. D. Solutes can move against their concentration gradient. E. The cell membrane pinches off to transport materials.

A

Which of the following is a form of diffusion? A. osmosis B. exocytosis C. active transport D. phagocytosis

B

Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion? A.higher concentration of molecules B. small concentration gradient C.small molecule size D. high temperature

B

Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? A. small lipids B.polar molecules C. O2 D. CO2

D

Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur? A. water B. concentration gradient C. selectively permeable membrane D. cellular energy

C

Which of the following is the driving force for the sodium-potassium pump? A. a concentration gradient B. a hydrostatic pressure gradient C. ATP hydrolysis D. an electrical gradient

C

Which of the following occurs during a single cycle of the sodium-potassium exchange pump? A. Three K+ ions are transported into the cell. B. Two K+ ions are transported out of the cell. C. Three Na+ ions are transported out of the cell. D. Three Na+ ions are transported into the cell.

C

Which of the following solutions contains the most solute? A. hypotonic B. equilibrium C. hypertonic D. isotonic

D

Which of the following statements is true? A. Unlike endocytosis, exocytosis does not rely on protein interactions with the plasma membranes. B. Exocytosis involves infolding of the plasma membrane. C. Endocytosis and exocytosis are passive transport mechanisms. D. During exocytosis, substances from inside the cell are moved outside.

C

Which of the following would NOT diffuse through the plasma membrane by means of simple diffusion? A. oxygen B. a steroid hormone C. glucose D. a lipid-soluble vitamin

pinocytosis

"cell drinking" - A form of endocytosis.

phagocytosis

"cell eating"- A form of endocytosis.

hypertonic

A blood cell undergoes crenation when it is placed in a(n) ________ solution.

ATP

A primary active transport process is one in which molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ____ hydrolysis

exocytosis

A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____.

D

Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane is influenced by all of the following except: A. the presence of the membrane channels. B. concentration gradient. C. lipid solubility. D. hydrolysis of ATP. E. the charge on the ion.

aquaporins

During osmosis, water molecules can move across the plasma membrane through channels called ___________.

C

Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that A. facilitated diffusion moves molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. B. the rate of molecular movement is not limited by the number of available carrier molecules. C. the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules. D. facilitated diffusion never eliminates the concentration gradient. E. facilitated diffusion consumes ATP.

hypotonic

Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into a(n) ________ solution.

A

If a person is severely dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells? A. The cells will lose water and shrink. B The cells will swell. C. Extracellular fluids do not impact cell size, because cells contain intracellular fluid. D. The cells will rupture.

primary; secondary

In __________ active transport, the transport protein gets phosphorylated; in ___________ active transport, the transport protein is not phosphorylated.

C

In general, to maintain homeostasis the relationship between our intracellular and extracellular fluids should be which of the following? A. intracellular should be hypotonic to extracellular B. intracellular and extracellular should both be hypertonic C. isotonic to each other D. intracellular should be hypertonic to extracellular

channel-mediated; no ATP

Ions are transported across membranes using __________ facilitated diffusion, which requires __________.

permeability

The ________ of a cell membrane indicates how easy it is for substances to cross.

higher

The calcium pump moves calcium ions out of the cell - from the cytoplasm to the extracellular fluid. Because the calcium concentration is much _________ outside the cell compared to the inside, this transport is against the calcium concentration gradient.

higher

The concentration of ions when a cell is at rest: the concentration of potassium is __________ inside the cell.

ATP

The energy from _____ hydrolysis is used to transport sodium and potassium ions across the membrane and thereby establish concentration gradients for each of those ions. Once this gradient is established, Na+ ions moving down their concentration gradient (into the cell) can help move glucose into the cell through secondary active transport.

decrease; increase

The hormone epinephrine (adrenaline) increases the pumping rate of the sodium-potassium exchange pump in skeletal muscles. How would you expect this to affect the concentration of Na+ and K+ inside the muscle cell? Answer= The Na+ concentration would ___________ and the K+ concentration would ____________.

endocytosis

The intake of materials from the extracellular fluid using vesicles is called _____________.

diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

facilitated diffusion

The process by which molecules such as glucose are moved into cells along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane-bound carrier proteins is called _____________________.

antiporter

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of which type of co-transporter (a transporter that moves more than one solute at a time)?

primary active transport

The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____.

crenulation

The term to define when cells shrink.

false (They are forms of endocytosis)

True/ False: Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are both forms of exocytosis.

False

True/false: Cells soaking in an isotonic solution will lose water and shrink.

C

What concentration gradients are established and maintained by the sodium-potassium exchange pump? A. high Na+ concentration in the cytoplasm; high K+ concentration in the extracellular fluid B. high Na+ and K+ concentrations in the cytoplasm C. high Na+ concentration in the extracellular fluid; high K+ concentration in the cytoplasm D. high Na+ and K+ concentrations in the extracellular fluid

exocytosis

All active membrane transport processes include: primary active transport, secondary active transport, endocytosis and _________.

C

All of the following membrane transport mechanisms are passive processes except: A. diffusion. B. osmosis. C. vesicular transport. D. movement of water. E. facilitated diffusion.

osmosis

All passive membrane transport processes include: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and ___________.

secondary

An example of __________ active transport: the use of a sodium concentration gradient to power the pumping of glucose into the cell.

simple diffusion (Steroid molecules are nonpolar fat-soluble molecules, which would be expected to diffuse directly across the phospholipid bilayer. Such solutes do not require a membrane protein to facilitate transport.)

By which mechanism would a steroid molecule diffuse into the cell?

B

Carriers transport solutes across the plasma membrane by: A. opening channel gates that allow solutes to pass B. changing shape as the solutes bind, causing the solutes to move across the membrane C. forming a pore in the membrane, which allows solutes to pass through D. making solutes more soluble in the plasma membrane

symporters

Coupled transporters that move solutes in the same direction are called _______.

facilitated diffusion

Passive movement of a solute by a carrier protein is called __________.

C

Solution A is a 2% salt solution and solution B is a 12% salt solution. Which phrase correctly describes the relationship between solution A and solution B? A. Solution A is hypertonic to solution B. B. Solution A has more solutes than solution B. C. Solution A is hypotonic to solution B D. Solution B is hypotonic to solution A.

facilitated diffusion

Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as _____.