ANS

Why are white rami communicantes found only in the region of T1-L2?

White rami carry the preganglionic sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord.

Which of the following are due to activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS? A pounding heart and cold, sweaty skin a pounding heart papillary constriction cold, sweaty skin a pounding heart and pupillary constriction

a pounding heart and cold, sweaty skin

The main biochemical difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS involves the neurotransmitter release by the postganglionic axons. In the parasympathetic division, this neurotransmitter is __________.

acetylcholine

Sympathetic pathways to the body periphery innervate the following structures __________. sweat glands peripheral blood vessels arrector pili muscles sweat glands and peripheral vessels

all of the above

The cranial outflow of the parasympathetic division of the ANS originates in the brain and innervates organs in which of the following locations? Head and neck Thorax Most of the abdomen all of the above

all of the above

visceral motor =

autonomic nervous system

Which region of the spinal cord does NOT contain any autonomic neurons? cervical lumbar sacral thoracic

cervical

Stimulation of the vagus nerve in the baroreceptor reflex causes __________.

decreased heart rate

Activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS causes__________of bronchioles.

dilation

If you were very nervous about speaking in front of a group of people, which of the following would be likely to develop?

dry mouth, due to sympathetic inhibition of secretions from the salivary glands

what is the function of the visceral motor division of the CNS?

efferent innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Effects caused by stimulation of the parasympathetic division include __________.

erection, contraction of smooth muscle of bladder wall, and increased motility of digestive organs

The CNS structure that is the main integration center of the ANS is the__________.

hypothalamus

where exactly do the fibers come out in the parasympathetic division?

in the lateral horn of S2-S4 of the spinal cord and cranial nerves 3,7,9,10

where exactly do the fibers come out in the sympathetic division?

in the lateral horn of T1-L2 of the spinal cord

what visceral motor effect does cranial nerve 10 have?

innervate visceral organs of the thorax and most of the abdomen

The ANS is the system of __________ neurons that regulates such functions as __________.

motor / heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure

From which structure do the preganglionic autonomic neurons develop?

neural tube

Which of the following is the parasympathetic effect for sweat glands?

no innervation

what does the adrenal medulla secrete?

norepinephrine and lots of epinephrine

The medial and anterior regions of the hypothalamus direct__________functions.

parasympathetic

the craniosacral region belongs to

parasympathetic

which nervous system has its cell body at or in the effector?

parasympathetic

which nervous system has no branching at its effector?

parasympathetic

which nervous system releases ACh from both its preganglionic fiber and postganglionic fiber?

parasympathetic

wich nervous system has a long preganglionic fiber?

parasympathetic

feeling of extreme calm achieved during meditation are associated with cerebral cortex influence on the ________________

parasympathetic centers of the hypothalamus

In the pathway leading to the lacrimal and nasal glands, the preganglionic neurons synapse with ganglionic neurons in the__________.

pterygopalatine ganglion

which neurons carry nerve impulses faster: somatic motor neurons or visceral motor neurons

somatic motor neurons

what visceral motor effect does cranial nerve 9 have?

stimulates secretion of a large salivary gland, the parotid gland

Which of these organs/tissues are NOT innervated by parasympathetic fibers, or do not exhibit parasympathetic effects? sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, and adipose tissue adrenal medullae, kidney, and gallbladder blood coagulation, mental activity, and vagina the eye (ciliary muscles), cellular metabolism, and heart

sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, and adipose tissue

the thoracolumbar region belongs to

sympathetic

which nervous system has branching at its effector?

sympathetic

which nervous system releases ACh from its preganglionic fiber and norepinephrine from its postganglionic fiber

sympathetic

wich nervous system has a short preganglionic fiber?

sympathetic

in what nervous system does the adrenal medulla get stimulated?

sympathetic only

all of the following are target organs not innervated by parasympathetic fibers except: the eye (ciliary muscles) sweat glands arrector pili muscles adrenal medulla adipose tissue

the eye (ciliary muscle)

where exactly is the farthest point that vagus nerve reaches?

the left colic flexure

what visceral motor effect does cranial nerve 7 have?

the postganglionic fiber innervates lacrimal gland, submandibular gland and sublingual gland. It stimulates the secretion of many glands in the head.

what visceral motor effect does cranial nerve 3 have?

the postganglionic fiber innervates smooth muscle in th eye that cause the pupil to constrict and the lens of the eye to bulge, allowing you to focus on close objects

T/F: in the visceral motor pathway the preganglionic fiber is thinly myelinated and the post ganglionic fiber is not myelinated

true

T/F: the somatic motor neuron has one neuron fiber and runs directly from the CNS to the muscle it innervates

true

in the ANS, a chain of how many motor neurons runs between the CNS and the visceral effector cells?

two

Which of the following is the function of the somatic motor divisions of the CNS?

Efferent innervation of all skeletal muscles

Which disorder of the ANS is characterized by drooping of the upper eyelid, pupil constriction, flushing of the face, and inability to sweat on the affected side of the body?

Horner's syndrome

Which of these statements accurately describes how the general visceral motor system of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) differs from the general somatic motor system? The dorsal root ganglia contain cell bodies of motor neurons. Motor units in the ANS include a chain of two motor neurons. The conduction of impulses through the ANS is quicker than conduction through the somatic motor system. ANS motor axons are more thickly myelinated than somatic motor axons.

Motor units in the ANS include a chain of two motor neurons.

__________disease is characterized by intermittent attacks of exaggerated sympathetic vasoconstriction of blood vessels of the hands and feet, followed by vasodilation.

Raynaud's

what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic affects on the salivary gland

S- Scanty, thick secretion PS- copious thin secretion

what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic affects on the gut

S- decreased peristalsis and secretion PS- increased peristalsis and secretion

what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic affects on the penis

S- ejaculation PS- erection

what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic affects on the adrenal medulla?

S- secretion PS-none

what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic affects on the lacrimal gland

S- vasoconstriction PS-secretion

what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic affects on skin of the head, neck and extremities

S- vasoconstriction, sweat secretion, piloarrection PS- none

what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic affects on the lungs: bronchi

S-dilates air passage PS- constricts

what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic affects on the eye (pupil/ciliary muscle)

S-dilation PS- constriction

what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic affects on the heart

S-increased rate and force of contraction PS-slowed rate

what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic affects on the bladder detrusor

S-inhibits urination PS- contraction

what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic affects on the blood vessels

S-vasoconstriction PS- dilation

Which of the following statements best describes the anatomical organization of the somatic and autonomic divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

The somatic nervous system has one neuron from the central nervous system to the target tissue, while the autonomic nervous system is set on a two-neuronal relay.

Which of these statements regarding the collateral ganglia of the sympathetic division is FALSE? They are unpaired and are not segmentally arranged. They all lie anterior to the vertebral column. They occur only in the abdomen and pelvis. They lie along the abdominal aorta. They are the same as the sympathetic trunk ganglia.

They are the same as the sympathetic trunk ganglia.

What describes a way in which the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS are similar?

They mostly innervate the same visceral organs.