AP Art History mid term
The pyramid of Giza was constructed during what date?
2500 BCE
Terracotta sarcophagi showing life-sized reclining figures are most typical of which century?
6th century BCE
Byzantine centrally planned structures often contained
A dome
Both San Vitale and the Pantheon contain which similar feature? Characterized by what plan?
A dome. A central plan
The buiding complex of the citadel of Sargon II was
A fortified palace
In the statue of Arthena Parthenos, what did she hold that made an overt reference to the athenian victory over the persian in 479 BC
A winged nike figure
A dramatic change in Egyptian art took place during the armana period under the reign of
Akhenton
The pergamon altar was designed to parallel the gods victories with those of
Alexander the great
The geometric krater would most likely be found in what?
An athenian cemetery of the geometric period?
The use of guardian figures on the lion gate is reminiscent of
Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt
Who is usually given credit for the invention of the red figure technique as seen in the amphora of "achilles and Ajax playing a dice game"?
Andokides painter
The motifs are typical of which style prevalent in the art of northwestern europe in the early middle ages?
Animal style
What was one of the first statues to represent a female nude?
Aphrodite of Knidos
What best describes and distinguished the "fourth style" of Roman painting?
Architectural illusionism
when event is chronicles on the frieze of the Temple of Athena Nike detailing victory over the Persians
Battle at Marathon
The patron of the two doors with lions as doorknobs is
Bishop Bernard of Hildeshiem
the aristocratic taste for courtly medieval art finds expression in which of the following works/
Blanche of Castile and Louis IX
The purse lid is found where?
Britain
The throne of wisdom, sedes sapientiae is the western european freestanding version of which of the following?
Byzantine Theotokes
The image of the gold cross with jesus on the front is created from which art period?
Carolingian
A female figure used as an architectural support was known as a
Caryatid
The early medieval emperor who united Europe and began a revival of the ideals of imperial Rome was
Charlemagne
Aachen, Germany was
Charlemagnes capital
One factor contributing to the differences of the pantheon and the San Vitale is the rise of
Christianity
What historical event ushered the beginning of the classical period
Defeat of the persians
The coming of a new religion to Jerusalem, a city sacred to both Jews and Christians, is marked by a monument known as the
Dome of the Rock
The column used on Etruscan temple resembles which type of Greek column?
Doric
The first surviving example of the use of rib vaults occurs in
Durham cathedral
The swirling drapery and heaving landscape of St. Matthew from what represents the expressionistic mode of Carolingian art.
Ebbo gospels
The funerary practic of the Mycenaeans, covering the faces of the dead with gold masks, recalls what other culture?
Egyptian
During the Greek orientalizing period, Greek vase decoration, which consisted of rows of composite creatures and exotic animals was influenced by which two period of artworks?
Egyptian and Mesopotamian Art
The Hagia Sophia was built under the patronage of
Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora
Which structure from the Athenian Acropolis has four sides of very different character with each side resting on different ground levels
Erechtheion
What was the economic system that was gradually replaced by the growth of towns and cities during the Romanesque period?
Feudalism
An ogee arch is a characteristic of which of the following styles of architecutre?
Flamboyant
Hiberno-saxon refers to art produced in
Germany
In the Early Christian Middle Ages, animals were used as symbols for
Gospel Writers
The independent spirit and relative freedom Etruscan women enjoyed horrified who?
Greco-Roman male authors
The plan of San Vitale is similar to what other building structure?
Hagia Sophia, because it contains a central plan
In which of the following period was the statue of the dying gaul made?
Hellenistic
Portrayals on Christ primarily emphasize
His triumph over death
What led the German amateur archaeologist, Heinrich Schliemann, to uncover Troy?
Homer's iliad
How did the Etruscans bury their dead?
In subterranean rooms arranged along a network of streets in a city of the dead.
Where was the citadel of Sargon II located?
Iraq
The Malwiya minaret in Samarra was too tall to have been used to call the faithful to prayer and was clearly visible for a considerable distance. what was a possible explanation
It announced the prescence of Islam
The somber expression of Lars Pulena on his sarcophagus distinguishes it from earlier sarcophagi? What would account for it?
It illustrated the decline in Etruscan fortunes
The hypostyle mosque, such as Kairouan, most closely reflects the mosque's supposed origin. What best supports this statement?
It is Muhammad's house in Medina
Critical of the polytheistic religion of his fellow arabs, Muhammas had all the idols destroyed, however he preserved the Kaaba. Which of the following supports the reason for this preservation?
It is the islamic world's symbolic center
Who was the first to break tradition and use his portrait on roman coinage
Julius Caesar
The patron of the Hagia Sophia was
Justinian
Sir Arthur Evans was an archaeologist who uncovered the ruins at
Knossos
What is a palace found on crete?
Knossos
The earliest known example of the use of contrapposto is the sculpture know as the
Kritios boy
Egyptian columns come in forms such as
Lotus palm and papyrus
What best describes and distinguished the "First Style" of Roman painting?
Masonry
The architects of the Hagia Sophia were also
Mathematicians
The positioning of all mosques, no matter period or country, must be oriented towards which of the following cities?
Mecca
The minoans followed the Egyptian figure style except that the
Minoans have some figures in true profile
Which type of Etruscan funerary monument had no parallel in Greece?
Monumental Sarcophagi
Sinan was born a christian, converted to Islam, then trained in engineering and the art of building while still in the army. He was also court architect to Suleyman the Magnificent. What was his greatest achievement?
Mosque of Selim II
The dome of the rock marks the site where
Muhammad ascended to heaven
The lion gate is the gateway to
Mycenae
The fibula excavated from the Regiolini-Galassi Tomb illustrated motifs borrowed from the
Orient
The two doors with lions as doorknobs comes from which art historical period
Ottonian
What was a procession held in Athens every four years?
Panathenaia or Panathenaic Procession
what was a tool used by archaeologists to explore tomb interiors at Tarquinia without the expensive and time-consuming excavation?
Perioscope
What describe the Temple of "Fortunas Virilis"
Pseudo-peripteral
San Vitale is located in
Ravenna
Both the Pantheon and the San Vitale are closely associated with
Roman emperor
What art historical period did not influence the san vitale?
Romanesque
After the fall of the Byzantine empire, artistic production continued in
Russia
Roman temple design during the republican period reflected the colossal design of the Greek Hellenisitc style. What temple can this be seen in?
Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina
What would describe the "baroque" style of the 2nd century CE tomb nicknames Al-Khazneh, the Treausury, located at Petra?
Studied disregard for classical rules
The earliest known Greek temple with sculptural decoration is
Temple of Hera, Paestum
What material did the Etruscans prefer for their sculptures?
Terracotta
the Apulu of Veii is made up of what material?
Terracotta
Which group of barbarians invaders became firmly established in regions known today as France, Switzerland, the Netherland, and part of Germany?
The Franks
The mosque of Selim II was inspired by
The Hagia Sophia
What mythical scene decorated the Ficoroni Cista
The argonauts
The citadel of Sargon II was built by
The assyrians
Unlike Greek temples, Etruscan temples were not meant to be seen as sculptural masses. What architectural element would exemplify this?
The entrance was centered at the front of the structure
The Hagia Sophia was constructed in
The sixth century
Which near eastern society built the white temple?
The sumerians
The column of Trajan contains a winding band of reliefs that depict?
Trajans military campaigns
What was the typical tomb type found at the Etruscan cemetery at Cerveteri?
Tumulus
The plan of San Vitale differs from that of the pantheon by the inclusion of what
a Narthex
The highest calling for an islamic artist it to be
a calligrapher
Tiryins was
a fortified citadel
The atrium courtyard space functioned as a place for
a place for catechumens to gather during a christian ceremony
The treasury of atrus is an excellent example of
a tholos tomb
A key characteristic of Carolingian architecture is
a westwork
In egyptian art, hippopotami are often seen as
agents of evil
The pantheon is dedicated to
all the god
The depiction of the battle between the knight and the dragons from the Moralia in Job was viewed by the clergy as
an allegory of the struggle of monks against the devil for the salvation souls.
What contributed to the transformation of Etruscan society in the orientalizing period?
an alliance with greek colonies in the South
What is the function of mihrab
an indicator of the direction to mecca
Pages from medievel books are made from
animal hide
What is a buon fresco?
applied to a wet wall
Typical depictions of jesus in the catacombs show him
as a good shepeard
Where would an oculus be found?
at the center of a dome
Hildegard von Bingen was a
author
Double tiered columns did not allow
barrel roof vaulting
What would be located in a forum and would house the law court for the city?
basilica
Unlike Romanesque sculptures, Gothic works
become more three dimensional
A trumeau is located
between the doors of a portal
The image of the gold cross with jesus on the front functioned as a
book cover
Covering a surface with white lime plaster that required rapid execution and great skill was what painting method
buon fresco
How is interior architectural space defined in the muslim world?
by having no interior walls
minarets are used to
call people to prayer
The mihrab decorations features which 23 main things
calligraphy, stylized designs, ceramic tile
Many works of Egyptian sculpture were carved in situ, meaning they were
carved on the spot where the stone was found
The arch of titus shows the military triumphs of Titus, returning after the successful conclusion of the Jewish wars in 70 CE. Which of the following was also included in the sculptural program for the Arch of Titus?
celebration of imperial virtues
What was one of the main changes that took place in the representation of the female figure in High Classical period, exemplified by the Three Goddesses?
clingy drapery that follows the controus of the body
The technique used in creating the purse lid involves a multistep enamel process called
cloisonne
Freed slaves often ordered portrait reliefs for their tombs. Which of the following is the best reason for this?
commemorate their status as roman citizens
The Bayeux tapestry celebrates the
conquering of England by William the conquerer
a metope
contains sculpture
Evident in the abscence of a pediment and a roof, the Temple of Apollo, Didyma, reflected the ability of Hellenistic architecture to
copy the partheneon
What form of arch is above the lintel of the lion gate?
corbelled arch
The citadel of Sargon II's building complex was organized around
courtyards
The guardian figure design of the lion gate can be found in minature on
cretan seals
Minoan culture was centered on
crete
The difference between a reserve column and an engaged column is that the reserve column is
cut out of rock
Viking works are typically applied art, meaning that
decoration was added to utilitarian items
The old palace period in Minoan Art came to an end around 1700 BCE. What was the probable cause?
earthquake
In Etruscan iconography, what symbolized regeneration?
egg
The citadel of Sargon II was constructed when?
eighth century BCE
Arabesques are based on
floral designs
what architecutral innovation does not take place at the hagia sophia
frescoes covering the wall space
The gigantomachy of the Altar of Zeus, Pergamon alludes to a victory of the Pergamese over who in the 3rd century BCE
gauls
This selection from the pergamon altar shows the
gods dragging the giants up the stairs
A tumulus marks a
grave
What conclusion could be drawn regarding the Athenians perception of themselves based on the panathenaic festival frieze from the parthenon
had high opinions of their own worth
Who or what was the minotaur
half man, half bull
Characterisically icons were
handled and kissed by the faithful
The queen hatshepsut temple is meant to
harmonize with its landscape
Etruscan temples resemble Greek temples in that they both
have pediments
Pilgrims believed that relics could
heal body and soul
Coffering was a useful architectural device in that it performed what function?
helped lighten the weight of a dome or arch
The arch of titus functions as a
historic document
Voussoirs are used to form
horseshoe arcs
An atrium can have a
impluvium
The frescoes at dura Europos show Jewish scenes
in a random order
A spandrel is the part of a building that
is defined by the space between two arches
What purpose did Gislebertus's image of the Last Judgement on the portal of Saint-Lazare serve?
it displace the saint to whom the church was dedicated
The minoan painting called the spring fresco is unusual for a landscape because
it has no human activity
The byzantine panel is made of
ivory
A standing nude figure of young man is known in greek art as which of the following?
kouros
The image of saint matthews holding a book shows the influence of Byzantine art in the
letters in greek
Etruscan temples are unusual in that they
look like a domestic interior
A tapestry is made on
loom
Naram sin was the first ancient ruler to
make himself a god
An example of a veristic portrait is
man of the roman republic
the virgin and child in majesty, depicts mary and jesus in a relationship that stresses
mary's poisition as the throne of wisdom
Romanesque architecture is characterized by its
massiveness and solidity
The pinched waist took place during what period
minoan
The close in english gothic architecture was inspired by
monastery cloisters
Ottonian art started a revival in
monumental works of sculpture
When compared to the Classical style, greek hellenistic art could be characterized as:
more realistic and emotional
Byzantine church interiors are typically deocrated with
mosaics
In ancient Mesopotamia the material most often used for building was
mudbrick
Pedimental sculpture is extremely rare in Etruscan temple architecture. Where did the Etruscans usually place their narrative statuary?
on the peaks of the temple roof
How might of cycladic figures been presented in a tomb?
on their backs
The Alhambra was a
palace
It is common in ancient near east art to have figures that are
part animal and part human
What is tempera
pigment mixed with egg yolk
what is encaustic
pigment mixed with wax
The rise of monumental stone sculpture in France and Spain in the eleventh and twelth centuries is generally associated with the decoration of
pilgrimage churches
One aspect of Etruscan society that contributed to their downfall was the lack of...
political cohesion
Orant figures
pray
Pilgrimages account for the architectural development of
radiating chapels
the exterior and interior of the pantheon is a contrast of
rectangles and circles
In the archaic period the black-figure style of vase painting was replace by what style?
red figure
The white temple was used for what function
religious rituals
Persian manuscripts are unusual in Islamic art because they
resist the ban on images
Byzantine churches have artistic programes that feature Jesus as the central figure in the role of Pantocrater, meaning he is the
ruler of the world
An iconostasis was used to
separate the apse from the transept and the nave of a church
Icon images took place around what centuries
sixth and seventh
The object is typical of its time and place in having been
small and portable
Pinnacles were used for
stabilizing stuctures against the wind
The pedimental sculptures of the Temple of Aphaia at Aegina were better adapted to its traingular shape than those of earlier archaic temples due to what?
statues of equal size but in different poses
The difference between an embroidery and a tapestry is that an embroidery is
stitched on a premade background
Fears of idolatry cause the Byzantines to
stop the production of ions
Cycladic figures are known for their
stylization
Minoan columns are distinguished by
tapering shape and bulbous capitals
Etruscan sculpture is different from Greek sculptures in that in Etruscan art
terra-cotta is favored
The wall painting in the Tomb of the Leopards portrays what?
the Banqueters and musicians
Caryatids were figures that can be found on
the Erechtheion
You can identify the figure of Saint Matthew by
the angel in the artwork which symbolized Matthew
What was iconoclasm
the banning or destruction of religious figurative images
The work that should be characterized as having horror vacui would be
the book of kells
The reuse of pagan columns in Christian churches symbollically means the
the christians were making pagan objects do service to a new god
Significant numbers of small marble figurines representing naked women with arms folded over abdomens have been found in
the cyclades islands
The image of the gold cross with jesus on the front is evidence of
the flourishing of a codex production
The republican portraits are usually of older men. Which of the following explains the life-life verism of these portraits?
the hellenistic tradition of portraiture
Glazed brick tile was used at what monument?
the ishtar gates
The two doors with lions as doorknobs pairs scenes from
the old testament with scenes from the new testament
Pompeian wall paintings of the second style are characterized by what?
the wall seemingly opening up into an illusionistic landscape
The etruscan temple differed from the geek temple because it had?
three cellas
What was one of the purposes of the portrait bust of the Flavian Woman
to show idealized beauty
Mastabas are an early form of an egyptian
tomb
During the Mycenaean Period, large scale figural art on the Greek mainland was
very rare
Polykleitos's Doryphorus reflects the artist's belief that a perfect statue
was constructed according to a mathematical formula
What type of material did the Etruscans prefer for their temples?
wood and mudbrick
Polykleitos was a famous sculptor of the spear bearer, but he also
wrote a canon of human proportions
The white temple is a
ziggurat