AP World History 5th Six Weeks Exam Free Response Questions
"Remarks on the Opium Trade," letter to a British magazine from an anonymous English merchant in Guangzhou (Canton), China, published in 1836 A historian might argue that the trade described in the passage reflected a turning point in world history primarily because the opium trade A shifted the pattern of historic European trade imbalances with China B marked the transition from mercantilist trade toward capitalist free trade C was the first time that Europeans used migrant labor to grow crops for global distribution D relied upon industrial techniques of production and modern consumer marketing
A
Algemeen Handelsblad, Dutch liberal newspaper, editorial on the Treaty of Versailles, June 1919 Which of the following true statements about the Netherlands best explains how the newspaper's national origin likely influenced the view of Germany expressed in the editorial? A The Netherlands, by remaining neutral during the war, profited significantly from helping Germany evade the Entente's naval blockade. B The Netherlands, like Germany before the war, had a significant overseas empire. C The Netherlands, like Germany, had a large merchant fleet. D The Netherlands, like Germany until 1918, was a constitutional monarchy, although the Dutch monarchs had less effective power than the German kaiser.
A
Bholanath Chakravarti, Bengali religious scholar, lecture at a meeting of a Hindu reformist society, Kolkata, India, 1876 The arguments expressed in the passage are significant because they help explain why A social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule B syncretic religious movements frequently emerged from cultural differences in colonial societies C nationalist movements against imperial rule often sought to bridge ethnic and religious differences by appealing to popular Enlightenment ideals D settler colonies frequently exacerbated differences between religious groups in colonial societies
A
Ferdinando Martini, governor of the Italian colony of Eritrea, Concerning Africa, 1897 Martini's argument in the second paragraph most clearly refers to the late-nineteenth-century belief that imperialism was a useful way to A relieve overcrowding and land shortages in European countries B secure raw materials for European factories C promote scientific and technological progress D "civilize" native populations through social change
A
Harold Baron, British historian, book describing the chemical industry of Europe, published in 1909 Great Britain's development of the industry referred to in the first paragraph during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is best explained by the fact that British factories were the first to A use steam-powered machines for large-scale economic production B use natural resources from colonies to create finished products C use coerced labor for producing manufactured goods D take advantage of mercantilist economic policies to protect themselves from foreign competitio
A
Harold Baron, British historian, book describing the chemical industry of Europe, published in 1909 Which of the following developments in the nineteenth century would most likely help explain the size and composition of the workforce at the Bayer plant as described in the second paragraph? A The construction of railroads facilitated the migration of people to interior regions. B The invention of steamships facilitated the migration of colonial subjects to imperial metropoles. C The invention of the telegraph made it easier for companies to recruit educated workers from across the world. D The discovery of electricity made rural communities more attractive places to live for wealthy urbanites.
A
In the background, a group of British civilians, mostly women, are watching the troops pray. The photograph best illustrates which aspect of population movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A They often involved the spread of cultural traditions into new locations. B They were often undertaken to displace labor force lost to war or disease. C They often resulted in the decline or disappearance of native religious traditions. D They often caused intercommunal violence.
A
Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 In the late 1800s, attitudes such as the one expressed in the passage had contributed most directly to which of the following? A European states' competition to acquire overseas colonies B The abolitionist movement to end slavery C The creation of industrialized economies in Europe D Efforts by European missionaries to convert non-Europeans to Christianity for their spiritual salvation
A
Pamphlet published by the British Indian War Department, 1915. The pamphlet was translated and distributed in cities and towns in India. Which of the following best explains why the British government felt the need to distribute the pamphlet? A British authorities were concerned that going to war against a Muslim country could fuel anti-imperialist protests among India's large Muslim population. B Many people in Britain regarded the First World War as a religious conflict between Christian and Islamic states. C Religious tensions between India's Muslim and Christian populations significantly increased before the outbreak of the First World War. D British passenger ships and shipping companies made significant profits by transporting Muslim pilgrims on the hajj from India to Mecca and Medina.
A
The artist's perspective on the subject of the painting was most likely influenced by which of the following? A The Enlightenment B Nationalism C Social Darwinism D The Haitian Revolution
A
The high proportion of women and children among the workers reflected in the table is best seen in the context of the A low wages of workers in industrial societies B resistance of older male workers to being displaced by younger workers C persistence of guild regulations and other traditional restrictions on labor practices D decrease in family size associated with greater income
A
The image best illustrates which factor that contributed to Great Britain's increasing prominence as a global power in the nineteenth century? A Great Britain's location on the Atlantic Ocean and its many waterways enabled it to import and export goods. B Agricultural innovations, such as crop rotation and higher-yielding seeds, increased British agricultural output, kept food prices low, and freed up labor from the countryside. C Great Britain's rapidly growing population ensured a steady supply of industrial workers. D Great Britain's access to foreign resources from colonized territories provided raw materials for manufacturing.
A
The photograph best supports which of the following inferences about French colonial rule in Tahiti in the 1880? A Colonial authorities attempted to impart a sense of French national identity to native Tahitians. B Tahiti provided France with valuable sources of raw materials as well as with markets for French manufactured goods. C The spread of Enlightenment ideas and anticolonial movements led many Tahitians to demand independence from France. D French control of Tahiti was under threat from expanding rival colonial empires in the Pacific, such as Great Britain, Japan, and the United States.
A
Ferdinando Martini, governor of the Italian colony of Eritrea, Concerning Africa, 1897 Italian and German imperial presence in Africa were similar in that both countries A saw African colonies as secondary to their interests in Asia B were newly unified nations that began colonizing later than other European powers C primarily used their colonies in Africa to spread Christianity D invested heavily in African infrastructure and economic development
B
Giolitti's concerns in Source 2 about the potential consequences of conflict in the Balkans are most directly explained by which of the following developments in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A Ethnic and religious diversity in European states ensured that ethnic tensions in one region would quickly spread across Europe and spark civil wars. B European states entered into military alliances with each other that forced them to come to their allies' aid in the event of conflict with a nonallied state. C Military experts feared that future wars between European states would likely be far deadlier than past wars, because of the recent development of more advanced weapons. D Conflict between European rivals had already led to the dissolution of imperial states such as the Habsburg Austro-Hungarian Empire.
B
Harold Baron, British historian, book describing the chemical industry of Europe, published in 1909 The emergence of the German industries referred to in the passage is most directly explained by which of the following processes in the nineteenth century? A The spread of new industrial technologies such as the internal combustion engine from the United States B The development of new methods of production during the second industrial revolution C The greater diversity of manufactured goods produced by industrial factories D The growing importance of using coal as fuel in industrial production
B
In the background, a group of British civilians, mostly women, are watching the troops pray. As shown in the image, the deployment of soldiers by European powers most directly relates to which of the following causes of conflict during the early twentieth century? A The network of rival alliance systems B Imperialist expansion and competition for resources C Decline in global economic production and trade D The emergence of revolutionary communism
B
Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 The founding of "the Australian nation," as alluded to in the passage, was part of which of the following processes? A The creation of mercantilist empires to extract natural resources B European states' establishment of settler colonies C European companies' establishment of overseas trading posts D Japan's creation of its own empire in Asia
B
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands / Bridgeman Images The sketch shows the artist's son Johnny and Flora, an enslaved Indonesian household servant. Which of the following developments facilitated the family situation portrayed in Brandes' sketch? A The recruitment of new bureaucratic elites by Muslim states in Southeast Asia B The expansion of European colonial empires in Southeast Asia C The changes in family demographic structure resulting from the trans-Atlantic slave trade D The creation of new gender hierarchies in emerging maritime empires
B
The ability of the French colonial government in Algeria to establish schools for the native Algerian population can best be seen as part of which of the following broader developments in European colonialism in the late nineteenth century? A Some European states established trading-post empires. B Some European states strengthened their control over their existing colonies. C Some European states faced native resistance to their colonization efforts. D Some European states used Social Darwinism to justify their military subjugation of colonial peoples.
B
The data in the table best provide historical context to understand which of the following developments in mid-nineteenth-century Great Britain? A Pollution resulting from industrial manufacturing B The emergence of social reform movements C The development of better transportation infrastructure D The increasing demand for consumer goods
B
The rapid expansion of European empires in Africa in the late nineteenth century is best explained in the context of which of the following? A Economic competition between European states fostering the creation of transnational business that sought to exchange raw materials from Europe for finished goods from colonies B Political rivalries between European states encouraging diplomatic agreements that reserved colonies for European powers C Rapid population increases in European colonies in Asia encouraging European states to create new colonies for migrants to settle D Revolutions in Europe leading European states to seek troops from colonial populations
B
The sketch shows the artist's son Johnny and Flora, an enslaved Indonesian household servant. Which of the following would most directly challenge the labor system portrayed in the sketch? A Trade unionism B The Enlightenment C Social Darwinism D Marxism
B
Which of following best explains a likely reason for the title of the image? A The prevalence of slave labor, which was used within the factories B The soot pollution, which resulted from the coal industry in the region C The increase in the use of timber, which was transported along the canals D The construction of factory buildings, which increased throughout the town
B
Which of the following best describes an accurate comparison of the relationship between sailing vessels and steamships in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table? A The total number of sailing vessels in North America was less than the total number of steamships in Europe. B The total number of sailing vessels in all regions still greatly surpassed the total number of steamships in all regions. C The total number of sailing vessels in all regions was declining in relationship to the total number of steamships in all regions. D The total number of sailing vessels in Asia was less than half the total number of steamships in North America.
B
Which of the following best explains the changes depicted in Map 2 ? A The rise of the Safavid Persian Empire B European imperialism and increasing ethnic nationalism C Sunni versus Shia rivalries within the Islamic world D The decline of Silk Road trade routes
B
Algemeen Handelsblad, Dutch liberal newspaper, editorial on the Treaty of Versailles, June 1919 The mention of "President Wilson's principles" is most directly significant to understanding the editorial's point of view about the Treaty of Versailles because of the United States president's commitment to A establish an international organization to prevent future conflicts B work to create nation-states for ethnic minorities that had been under imperial control C broker a peace agreement on liberal principles that would not be motivated by revenge D resist the spread of Bolshevism following the Russian Revolution
C
Bholanath Chakravarti, Bengali religious scholar, lecture at a meeting of a Hindu reformist society, Kolkata, India, 1876 A historian analyzing the lecture would most likely argue that the audience of Chakravarti's lecture is significant because it shows the most direct contrast with which of the following developments in the nineteenth century? A Religious differences in colonial societies often led to communal violence. B Imperial states often granted preference to religious groups that they felt were less of a threat to their power. C Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule. D Imperial governments often consulted local religious leaders before issuing important decrees.
C
Bholanath Chakravarti, Bengali religious scholar, lecture at a meeting of a Hindu reformist society, Kolkata, India, 1876 The author's political point of view can be most clearly seen in the way in which the passage A neglects to mention that South Asian migrants were a key source of labor for Western transnational corporations B disparages the development of contemporary Hinduism C omits any mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the British in India D attributes historical events to divine intervention
C
Ferdinando Martini, governor of the Italian colony of Eritrea, Concerning Africa, 1897 The author's statement that descendants of Italian emigrants "ended up forgetting the language of their fathers and forefathers" most directly refers to which of the following aspects of nineteenth-century migration? A Some receiving societies attempted to limit the flow of immigrants. B Some colonial states applied theories of Social Darwinism to establish racial preferences. C Immigrants often adopted the dominant culture of the state in receiving societies. D Immigrants often maintained some aspects of their religion within ethnic enclaves.
C
Ferdinando Martini, governor of the Italian colony of Eritrea, Concerning Africa, 1897 The perspective of the author in the first paragraph can best be understood in the context of which of the following nineteenth-century developments? A The expansion of Catholicism in Africa and the Americas B The development of new military technologies due to industrialization C Competition among European states for global power and influence D Increasing African immigration to Italy
C
In the background, a group of British civilians, mostly women, are watching the troops pray. The situation shown in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following aspects of twentieth-century warfare? A States used propaganda to intensify patriotism in times of war. B States used new industrial technologies to fight wars that were deadlier and more expensive. C States made full use of their populations and material resources to fight total wars. D States increasingly mobilized their citizens for warfare regardless of gender or class.
C
Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 Based on the passage, the author would most likely have agreed with which of the following statements? A Britain's founding of Australia followed God's command to convert non-Whites. B All peoples of the world have the right to determine their own government. C Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa. D Nations go to war with each other mainly to gain precious metals.
C
Moltke's prediction in Source 1 about the consequences of a potential war between Germany and France is most directly explained by the fact that A France's recent industrialization made it militarily superior to Germany B France had a much larger population than Germany C previous conflicts had stirred intense nationalism in France and Germany D fascists within Germany sought to use a potential war with France as an excuse to establish a dictatorship
C
Pamphlet published by the British Indian War Department, 1915. The pamphlet was translated and distributed in cities and towns in India. The Ottoman Empire likely entered into the conflict referred to in the passage because A it shared religious and cultural values with Germany and Austria-Hungary. B it had undertaken significant political and economic reforms in the late nineteenth century. C it had lost significant territory to other European states in the nineteenth century. D its economy significantly lagged behind those of the other European powers.
C
Pamphlet published by the British Indian War Department, 1915. The pamphlet was translated and distributed in cities and towns in India. The treaties that settled the conflict referred to in the passage most directly changed the geopolitical structure of the Middle East in which of the following ways? A Most states that were formerly under European colonial rule became independent. B The state of Israel was created, which led to numerous wars. C Allied powers received territorial mandates from the League of Nations. D Religious fundamentalism increased, which led to attacks on Western states.
C
The labor patterns shown in the table are most directly relevant in understanding which broader process in nineteenth-century Europe? A The emergence of challenges to patriarchal gender norms B The decline in the popularity of organized religions C The development of new class identities D The growing influence of nationalism on state policy
C
The technological processes reflected in the image had the most direct influence on which of the following? A The French Revolution B The beginnings of the decolonization movement C The rise of Japan in the Meiji era D The expansion of the Ottoman Empire
C
Which of the following best describes the artist's likely purpose in painting this particular subject? A To advocate for violent rebellion against British colonial authorities B To demonstrate the racial oppression suffered by free people of color in the West Indies C To argue for the respectability of free people of color D To call for greater emigration by Europeans to the West Indies
C
Which of the following events would have been most likely to produce a cultural context similar to the one depicted in the image? A The spread of Marxist ideas B The Taiping Rebellion in China C The scramble for Africa D The unification of Germany
C
"Remarks on the Opium Trade," letter to a British magazine from an anonymous English merchant in Guangzhou (Canton), China, published in 1836 The trade described in the passage is best seen as an early example of which of the following? A The economic decline of Asian states resulting from the importation of cheap consumer goods from Europe B The growing economic influence of European immigrants in China C The declining political power of European joint-stock companies in Asia because of states assuming direct imperial control D The use of economic imperialism by European merchants and states
D
Algemeen Handelsblad, Dutch liberal newspaper, editorial on the Treaty of Versailles, June 1919 Which of the following accurately explains the historical significance of the harsh conditions imposed on Germany that the editorial describes? A They led to a successful communist revolution in Germany. B They triggered a massive wave of emigration from Germany. C They resulted in the virtual deindustrialization of Germany. D They encouraged the rise of political extremism in Germany
D
In addition to the potential destabilization of the Ottoman Empire, Giolitti's argument in Source 2 regarding Italy's ambitions in Libya is likely explained by the concern that any attempt by a European state to acquire colonies in Africa could A lead African states to unite with each other against European powers B greatly endanger the spread of Catholicism and enable the spread of Islam C encourage Japan to take advantage of the situation and conquer Italian colonies in Asia D dangerously intensify rivalries between European states seeking to acquire territories and resources
D
Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 Pearson's argument in the passage is most clearly representative of which of the following ideologies? A Free-market capitalism B Marxism C Mercantilism D Social Darwinism
D
The photograph best illustrates which of the following aspects of European colonial policies in nineteenth-century Africa? A European states attempting to encourage colonial populations to emigrate B European states attempting to spread Christianity among colonial populations C European states imposing democratic systems of government in order to prepare colonial populations for self-rule D European states imposing their culture in an attempt to spread their values among colonial populations
D
Which of the following best describes a conclusion about the relationship between steamships and world trade in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table? A North America had roughly twice the share of world trade as Latin America had because it possessed almost twice as many steamships. B Africa and Oceania's share of world trade was nearly equivalent to Latin America's share of world trade because all three regions had roughly the same number of steamships. C The fact that North America had only the third largest share of world trade by region roughly corresponds to its share of the total number of sailing vessels by region. D Europe's dominance in the total number of steamships roughly correlates to its dominance in world trade.
D
Which of the following best describes the likely purpose of the photograph? A To document the changes in Polynesian political hierarchies and gender roles brought about by imperialism B To illustrate the photographer's belief that Tahitians were racially inferior to Europeans C To record the rapidly vanishing customs and institutions of native Polynesians D To reassure the French public of the civilizing effects of colonial rule and the loyalty of colonial populations
D
Which of the following describes a conclusion about Asia that is best supported by the data in the table? A Although Asia had a smaller number of vessels than Africa had, it had a far larger share of world trade. B Asia's percentage of world trade was only slightly less than that of Latin America, Africa, and Oceania combined. C Asia's total number of sailing vessels was nearly half that of Latin America and Europe. D Although Asia had far fewer vessels than North America had, Asia was responsible for a larger percentage of world trade.
D
Which of the following was the primary Ottoman response to the processes depicted in Map 2 ? A Attempts to convert the empire's non-Muslim population to Islam B Efforts to transform the empire into a parliamentary democracy C Attempts to reconcile Islamic law with Marxist ideals D Efforts to reform the government despite considerable internal opposition
D