Apes exam review

Based on the data in Figure 1, which of the following is the best estimate of the carrying capacity of the moose population?

1500, This is the value (1,500 individuals) the moose population oscillates around in the environment; it is the moose carrying capacity.

based on the following, which of the following processes reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? A. Photosynthesis B. Cellular respiration C. Decomposition D. Burning of fossil fuels

A. Photosynthesis

A one-hectare pond is sampled in early September. The sample yields 1 small catfish as well as 17 benthic invertebrates that represent 10 species. Which of the following can be estimated from the sample for the invertebrates in the pond? A. The species richness B. The pond's productivity C. The uniformity of species distribution in the pond D. The stability of the ecosystem

A. The species richness

In a human population, the population momentum effect is most likely to occur in cases in which a large percent of people in the population are in which age-group? A. Younger than eighteen years old B. Between thirty and forty-four years old C. Between forty-five and fifty-four years old D. Between fifty-five and sixty years old

A. Younger than eighteen years old

This area has the lowest amount of naturally available freshwater per capita. Area A (Oklahoma) Area B (Brazil) Area C (Mid-Africa) Area D (Egypt) Area E (China)

Area D (Egypt)

Scientists are closely monitoring caribou populations to examine the effect of global climate change on habitat. The maximum population size for a herd of caribou based on the amount of habitat was 500,000. A herd of caribou currently has a population size of 198,000 caribou as a result of habitat loss. Which of the following methods should be used to determine the percent change between the maximum population and the current population for this herd of caribou? A. (500,000caribou+198,000caribou)/198,000caribou×100 B. (198,000caribou−500,000caribou)/500,000caribou×100

B. (198,000caribou−500,000caribou)/500,000caribou×100

-Graph showing plant growth after a volcanic eruption- Based on the data shown in the graph, when would the species richness of the ecosystem have been the lowest? A. Before the volcanic eruption occurred B. One to four years after the volcanic eruption C. Four to ten years after the volcanic eruption D. Ten to fourteen years after the volcanic eruption

B. One to four years after the volcanic eruption

The increase in the size of Earth's human population in the last century has been dramatic. Which of the following identifies two major contributors to this increase? A. New methods of agriculture and the identification of new food crops B. The Industrial Revolution and modern medicine C. Increased emigration/immigration and decreased warfare D. New methods of birth control and decrease warfare

B. The Industrial Revolution and modern medicine

Scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both forests have the same gross primary productivity. Forest A has a net primary productivity of 1,650kcal/m2/year, and forest B has a net primary productivity of 1,110kcal/m2/year. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data? A. Forest A has a higher rate of decomp by bacteria than forest B. B. Forest A has more biodiversity than forest B. C. Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers. D. Forest A producers have more biomass than forest B producers.

C. Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers. Since gross primary productivity is the same, forest B has a lower net primary productivity; therefore, it has a higher rate of cellular respiration.

-Graph showing plant growth after a volcanic eruption- Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following best describes how ecologists could determine when this ecosystem is approaching a climax community? A. Determine if the keystone species in the ecosystem is present two years after the volcanic eruption B. Measure the biomass of the pioneer species present before and after the volcanic eruption C. Record the number and type of producers present every year after the eruption D. Calculate the net primary productivity of a specific indicator species every year after the eruption

C. Record the number and type of producers present every year after the eruption A high number of late successional plant species would indicate that the ecosystem is approaching a climax community.

Which of the following is a measure of the biodiversity of an ecosystem? A. The total number of individuals of a single animal species B. The density of individuals in a hectare C. The total number of different plant species D. The soil depth at which burrowing insects are located

C. The total number of different plant species

The net primary production of a pine forest on a lava flow on Mount Fuji is about 175,000kcal/m2/yr175,000kcal/m2/yr, and the plant respiration is estimated to be 115,000kcal/m2/yr115,000kcal/m2/yr. What is the total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem? A. 60,000kcal/m2/yr B. 115,000 /m2/yr C. 175,000/m2/yr D. 290,000/m2/yr

D. 290,000/m2/yr The total energy transferred by photosynthesis would be the gross primary productivity (GPPGPP), which can be calculated according to the formula NPP+Rp=GPP(175,00kcal/m2/year+115,000kcal/m2/year=290,000kcal/m2/year)NPP+Rp=GPP(175,00kcal/m2/year+115,000kcal/m2/year=290,000kcal/m2/year).

Which of the following best describes gross primary productivity in an ecosystem? A. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy captured by producers plus the energy used by consumers over time. B. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy captured by producers minus the energy that producers respire over time. C. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy lost as heat during energy transfer between trophic levels. D. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

D. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

A one-hectare pond is sampled in early September. The sample yields 1 small catfish as well as 17 benthic invertebrates that represent 10 species. If the pond is resampled a year later, which of the following would best indicate that the pond had been adversely affected by adjacent development? A. An uncommon species has become more numerous. B. An increase in low-tolerance species has occurred. C. A decrease in high-tolerance species has occurred. D. The biodiversity of the pond has decreased.

D. The biodiversity of the pond has decreased.

How would including a control group be useful in this experiment?

It would provide a reference for the effects of random environmental factors.

Population growing exponentially

Point A

Population growing at a decreasing rate

Point B

A certain species of dinosaur laid large numbers of eggs, and the hatchlings had high mortality early in life. But if they survived, the young dinosaurs were able to grow at a rapid pace and disperse into the environment in order to thrive. Based on this information and the graph above, which of the following best characterizes this species of dinosaur?

The dinosaurs were r-strategists and exhibited a Type III survivorship curve