APES Unit 5

A farmer observes that increasingly higher concentrations of a particular pesticide have been required each year over the past ten years to achieve the same level of effectiveness on a specific insect pest. Which of the following best helps explain the observation

some individual insects are more likely than others to survive and reproduce due to their inherited traits

One way a local community might regulate a shared and limited resource and reduce the tragedy of the commons is to

divide the resources into parcels and assign them to individuals

Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation

drop irrigation

Various nations have adopted policies designed to combat overfishing. Which of the following approaches is commonly used to combat the problem of overfishing

enforcing minimum size requirements for the capture of some commercial species

Which of the following scenarios best explains the concept of tragedy of the commons

fish are shared resources, and as the fishing industry compete for the fish, the resource extraction is no longer sustainable

which of the following would decrease with the manufacture, application, and use of synthetic fertilizers rather than organic fertilizers

recycling of organic matter

which of the following problems is best addressed with contour plowing

soil erosion

which of the following best describes the concept of the tragedy of the commons

the aim of large logging operations in tropical rain forests is economic gain, rather than sustainability. Therefore, the shared resources in the forest could become depleted

which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut

the concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase

which of the following is the best example of an economic approach to reduce overfishing for a fish species with a declining population

the federal government sets a catch limit (per person or per boat) for the species and imposes a tax on any extra fish that are caught

It has been recently estimated that growth in world population has slowed in the past decade. Despite this trend, environmentalists remain concerned about the environmental impact of world population, primarily because

the standard of living is increasing causing an increase in use of natural resources per capita

which of the following is true of farm-raised salmon

they are often infected with parasites and sea lice

which of the following best describes the advantages and disadvantages of drip irrigation

this method most efficiently delivers water directly to plant roots compared with other methods, and wastes less water, but it may be too costly for farmers in developing countries to use

which of the following is an unintended consequence associated with waterlogging caused by flood irrigation

higher water tables

after intensive logging, most of the trees along a stream have been removed. which of the following water quality changes would most likely occur downstream after logging

increased water temperature

A sustainable society would emphasize

using energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter

which of the following is a direct economic consequence that would likely occur if an area of forest was clear cut so that a housing development can be built

a decrease in the number of game hunting licenses purchased

sustainable use of forests in the United States would likely be encouraged by

cutting small groups of medium and large sized trees in uneven aged forests

salmon farming threatens the health of wild salmon stocks primarily because

farmed salmon can spread parasites and disease to wild salmon

which of the following is true of the Ogallala aquifer

it underlies the US High Plains and is being depleted by overuse

which of the following best exemplifies how an action within the fishing industry could lead to a tragedy of the commons

overfishing of threatened fish species leading to the eventual depletion of the resource

When a rain forest is slashed and burned, the local concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases. This is primarily due to

oxidation of carbon compounds

an integrated pest-management approach to pest control emphasizes which of the following

reduction of crop damage to an economically tolerable level

at the current rate of growth, Earth's human population will double in about 50 years. Which of the following is the LEAST viable strategy for ensuring adequate nutrition for a population of this size

doubling the area of arable land on a global basis

Which of the following statements about genetic diversity is true

genetic resistance to pests and diseases can be increased by crossing a crop plant with ancestral varieties

biological controls are frequently used to replace persistent chemical pesticides. Which of the following represents the greatest potential risk of using biological controls

the control agent attacks not only its intended target but also beneficial species

which of the following best describes environmental damage caused by slash and burn farming in tropical rain forests

the soil loses fertility after a short period of time and will be ineffective for farming use

A new 450-unit housing development will replace several small farms on the outskirts of Fremont. The development will be composed of 1/4 hectare lots with nearly identical footprints. One important step that homeowners in the new development can take to protect water quality in Samel Creek would be to

use rain barrels to reduce the flow of storm water into the creek

which of the following is an example of an industrial practice that contributes to the tragedy of the commons

burning fossil fuels for energy production

which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity

clear cutting

aquaculture or fish farming can be used to increase the availability of species like salmon and shrimp for consumption. Although fish farming can have a number of negative environmental effects, it does offer a number of advantages. Which of the following is a valid reason for promoting the use of fish farms

fish production is constant, and fish farming reduces pressure on wild stocks

which of the following techniques could best reduce the harmful effects of overfishing if it were to be widely adopted by the fishing industry

increased use of large-mesh gill nets for harvesting salmon and trout

Which of the following best describes an environmental advantage of urbanization

individuals living in cities have a lower transportation carbon footprint than individuals living in rural areas

which of the following actions would be most likely to increase the protection of ecological systems in national forests

mandate that the government sale of logging rights in national forests be at fair market value

which of the following describes an unintended consequence that results from large scale agricultural use of water from an aquifer

the rate of water use likely exceeds the rate of recharge, leading to lowering the water table

which of the following environmental effects would most likely result from the clear cutting of boreal forests by industrial logging operations

there will be an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, which will contribute to climate change

which of the following agricultural practices results in soil degradation and most contributes to erosion

tilling