APHG Tests (Afternoon) NOW ITS DONE

A combination of cultural traits is a a. cultural complex b. barrier to diffusion c. complex culture d. cultural hearth e. culture region

A

In the United States, which is shared by all Americans? a. Nationality b. ethnicity c. DNA d. language e. Race

A

Select the group that is not a supranational organization. a. CIA b. EU c. OAS d. NATO e. OPEC

A

Which of the following is a primate city? a. Paris b. Washington, DC c. Abuja d. New York e. Brasilia

A

A disamenity sector were observed by Ernst Griffin and Larry Ford in their model for cities in a. Asia b. Latin America c. Europe d. Sub-Saharan Africa e. the Middle East

B

In the Mediterranean area, the most important cash crops are a. cotton and sugarcane b. olives and grapes c. tomatoes and lettuce d. rubber and tobacco e. citrus fruits and tree nuts

B

The Primary use of this map is (Map of NYC Subway system) a. absolute distances b. reference c. thematic d. regionalization e. patterion

B

The faith that is most widely dispirsed over the world is a. Shamanism b. Christianity c. Buddhism d. Judaism e. Islam

B

Which country would be considered a "graying" population? a. Peru b. Japan c. Saudi Arabia d. India e. United States

B

Which of the following states fits the morphology description of compact? a. Thailand b. Poland c. Russia d. Chile e. South Africa

B

A country that contains many environmental zones, such as coast, mountains, and desert, is likely to have residents who are a. ethnically similar b. members of religions that are also found in neighboring countries c. socially and politically seperate d. politically active e. opposed to modernization and technology

C

This type of boundary line is established before an area is well populated. a. natural boundary b. subsequent boundaries c. antecedent boundaries d. linguistic boundary e. geometric boundary

C

Which crop started the 3rd Agricultural Revolution? a. Wheat b. sorghum c. rice d. corn e. manioc

C

Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people? a. pastoral nomadism b. hunting and gathering c. intensive subsistence d. plantation e. shifting cultivation

C

A break in bulk point is where a. railroads bring the most coal b. ships tend to find the best harbor or port c. raw materials are unloaded d. cargo is broken down into smaller units

D

State of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion? a. ethnic space b. queer theory c. barrioization d. sense of place e. ethnicity

D

WW Rostow's model of economic development encourages the perception that every country is striving for and moving toward a. democracy b. socialism c. economic self-sufficiency d. high mass consumption e. postindustrialism

D

What is an example of how the periphery concept can be applied below the national scale? a. Chad b. Houston, TX c. Dallas, TX d. Hunt, TX e. Austin, TX

D

A country with this shape can provide access to a resource, or it can seperate two countries that would otherwise share a boundary a. elongated b. perforated c. fragmented d. compact e. prorupted

E

In which of the following state morphologies is internal circulation/transportation/contact or other friction of distance issue most likely to be a major problem? a. perforated b. prorupted c. enclave d. compact e. fragmented

E

The area surrounding a city from which it obtains food is called a. a suburb b. a river valley c. McDonalds d. an exurb e. a hinterland

E

Von Thunen's pattern of rings that explains the spatial layout of farming emphasizes the need to apply intensive agriculture in a. zone 2 b. zone 3 c. zone 4 d. the market center e. zone 1

E

What are maps called that keep shapes intact but distort area? a. azimuthal b. molleweide c. equal area d. relatve e. conformal

E

The sunbelt and New England are two examples of which kind of cultural region? a. Saint Paul b. Tel Aviv c. Fauske d. San Jose e. Dar es Salaam

WH00PS

According to Rostow's stages of development, which of the following is true? a. countries might not pass through each of the stages in a linear manner b. deindustrialization is accounted for in the 5th and final stage c. all countries will eventually pass through each of the five stages of economic development d. the colonial legacy will impede a country's economic growth e. foreign investment is a necessary precondition for economic development in the second stage

c

1:100,000 is an example of what type of scale a. fractional b. word c. line statement d. small scale e. large scale

A

A boundary forced upon existing cultural landscapes, a country, or a people by a conquering or colonizing power is called a a. superimposed boundary b. religious boundary c. subsequent boundary d. antecedent boundary e. geometric boundary

A

A group of people bound together by a common identity is a a. nation b. institution c. political system d. regime e. state

A

A legal form of segregation in US cities is achieved through a. zoning b. greenbelts c. busing d. blockbusting e. redlining

A

A major source of discord in French society is the division between native French and immigrants from a. Northern and equatorial Africa b. East Asia c. the Middle East d. Southeast Asia e. Southern and Eastern Europe

A

A region not fully integrated into a national state that is often marginal or underdeveloped is called a a. frontier b. functional c. heartland d. stateless nation e. core

A

A restriction on a behavior imposed by a religious law or social custom is a a. taboo b. civil law c. tolerant d. constitutional law e. prohibition

A

About half of all corn and about one quarter of all wheat exports come from a. the US b. Europe c. China d. India e. Africa

A

According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearb a. hotels and warehouses b. hospitals and clinics c. residences and highways d. universities and colleges e. retail and wholesale shops

A

All of the following have helped create ghettos in North American Cities EXCEPT a. economic enterprise zones b. concentration of public housing and social services c. blockbusting and racial steering d. redlining by financial institutions e. fixed school district boundaries

A

An example of labor that can contribute to the rise of industrial regions: a. skilled labor b. subsidies c. investment capital d. venture capitalists e. government sub-contractors

A

Another term for the structure or form of a city is its a. morphology b. muscularity c. hierarchy d. nested hierarchy e. global uniformity

A

Before the 20th century, most immigrants to the United States came from a. Northern and Western Europe b. East Asia and Latin America c. Latin America and Northern Africa d. the Middle East and Sub Saharan Africa e. Southern and Eastern Europe

A

Breakaway movements that have threatened Russian Stability n recent years are based on disputes that fall along differences in a. ethnicity b. natural terrain c. family ties d. ideological beliefs e. social class

A

Chinatown is an example of a a. perceptual region b. functional region c. formal region d. nodal region e. uniform region

A

Comparing a city developed as an agricultural center in a valley with one developed as the center of a widely spread empire emphasizes the quality of a. situation b. fortifications c. nobility d. absolute location e. site

A

Cottage industries are those in which a. products are made in homes instead of in factories b. only agricultural products can be made c. the products produced are very costly to produce and transport d. items are mass produced and sold in markets e. locations near raw materials are extremely important to viability

A

Economic development that meets the needs and aspirations of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is the classic definition for a. sustainable development b. the HDI c. ecological footprint d. carrying capacity e. reaganomics

A

Human geography is the study of a. who lives where, how they live, and why they live there b. how humans evolved through time c. the physical processes of the Earth d. the psychology of the human race using maps e. the culture of the human race minus environmental influences

A

In areas of swidden, the population: a. cannot have a high density b. never lives in permanent settlements c. practices an unsustainable form of agriculture d. must be large enough to provide surplus labor e. increases significantly

A

In the city of Jerusalem, the concentric zone model can be modified to account for the presence of at least two central business districts for a. at least two different ethnic and religious populations b. at lesat two different residential suburbs c. at least two similar banking centers d. at least two similar homeless populations e. at least two different government administrations

A

In the first decade of the 21st century, which of the following countries had the lowest fertility rate? a. Lichtenstein b. Iran c. Brazil d. Chad e. Bangladesh

A

In the image above, X is pointing to: a. place b. pattern c. scale d. distribution e. space

A

In what area are fold culture habits and the environment most linked together? a. food b. dress c. occupations d. music e. religious practice

A

In which of the following pairs do both countries exhibit zero or negative population growth rates? a. a young single man moving from rural NY to Albany, NY, and then to NYC? b. a young single woman moving from Lima, Peru, to a rural Peruvian Village c. a Chinese family of three moving from Shanghai to Beijing d. a middle aged single man moving from London to rural Germany e. a married man and women with three small children moving from the US to China

A

In which of the following scenarios would a country be most likely to succeed in limiting population growth within its borders? a. a country with a centralized government and a growing industrial base b. an industrialized country with strong regional governments c. a country with a decreasing mortality rate d. a small country where most people farm for a living e. a country with a large illegal net in-migration

A

In which stage of the Demographic transition model is the total population of a country going to be much higher, even though birth and death rates are low? a. Stage 4 b. Stage 3 c. stage 5 d. stage 2 e. stage 1

A

International company headquarters, significant global financial functions, and a polarized social structure are defining characteristics of: a. world cities b. primate cities c. entrepots d. edge cities e. forward capitals

A

Many cities have encouraged gentrification in order to a. avoid demolishing deteriorated inner city houses b. support affordability of inner city housing for the poor c. enforce zoning ordinances d. promote the construction of megastores e. promote suburban growth

A

Many of the poor on the periphery of cities in less developed countries live in areas known as a. squatter settlements b. suburbs c. council estates d. the zone in transition e. public housing

A

Modern global agricultural patterns still follow colonial patterns because poor countries a. still produce raw materials for consumption by people in richer countries b. rely more heavily than rich nations on machinery and fertilizer c. trade mainly with one another d. provide more support for industrial economic activities e. do not participate in the international market

A

Most population pyramids from western European countries reflect an age structure that is a. larger in the middle than at young ages, with a relatively large number of older people b. middle aged, with very few citizens at young or old ages c. very old, with most citizens falling in age groups above 50 d. evenly balanced, with almost as many people 80 and older as 15 or younger e. very young, with most citizens at young ages, and very few at middle and older ages

A

Of the following, which is the best example of a footloose industry? a. computer chip b. wine making c. steel d. tuna canning e. furniture

A

One of the most important factors in the creation of the food supply crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa is a. desertification b. too few people to raise crops c. excessive specialization of crops d. the overuse of biotechnology e. under-planting of crops

A

People in the US are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by a. private land surrounding the house b. heavy traffic c. lower opportunity for home ownership d. row houses and apartments e. closer proximity to cultural institutions

A

Production of agricultural products destined primarily for direct consumption by the producer rather than for market is called a. Subsistence Agriculture b. sedentary cultivation c. shifting field agriculture d. plantation farming e. hunting and gathering

A

Since the 1980s, there has been a trend to build suburbs and edge cities within the US a. increasingly farther away from the central city b. within and around historical districts of large cities c. increasingly close to the central city d. in mountainous, rocky areas e. along rural roads rather than major highways

A

Southern British English, Northern British English, and Scottish English are examples of a. dialects b. language sub families c. language families d. isoglosses e. standard languages

A

Suppose that a landlocked country claims territory on the coast that is separated from it by the territory of another state. In relation to the landlocked country, the territory is an a. Exclave b. core area c. perforation d. enclave e. stateless nation

A

Switzerland is currently the best example of which political system a. confederation b. communist c. socialist d. federalist e. authoritative

A

The Crude birth rate is based on the number of live births in a given year a. for every 1000 people in the population b. for every 1000 women of childbearing age c. plus, the migration rate d. minus the number of deaths e. minus the number of deaths among infants under one year of age

A

The Law of the Sea standardized a. territorial limits for most countries at 12 nautical miles from shore b. fishing rights to all countries in areas more than 200 miles from land c. consequent boundaries for competing countries d. common nation rights to seas and ocean space more than 12 nautical miles from land e. common shore rights for adjacent countries

A

The above historical cartoon represents (Picture of German guy splitting a cake saying AFRIQUE) a. Berlin conference b. ethnic cleansing c. devolution d. US Imperialism e. Treaty of Westphalia

A

The above image represents the concept of: a. map distortion b. pattern c. location d. space e. the Robinson projection

A

The city of Brasilia was built primarily to serve as Brazil's a. forward capital b. center of tourism c. symbol of its frontiers d. primary seaport e. primate city

A

The gravity model predicts a. the movement of people, goods, and ideas between 2 locations based on size and distance b. the number of people a city can support with available resources c. the physiological density of a country d. the rate at which intercontinental migration occurs e. periods of population explosion in a certain geographic region

A

The idea that the operation of capitalism gives rise to a specific kind of international division of laber that creates a geographic hierarchy of interdependent states or regions is known as: a. world-system theory b. dependency theory c. Rostow's model of development d. the neoliberal model of development e. none of these

A

The rapid diffusion of innovations through modern technology that quickly links distant locations is known as: a. time-space compression b. placelessness c distance decay d. authenticity transmission e. reterritorialization

A

The self sufficiency model for economic development is based on the principle that less developed countries should develop policies that a. protect local businesses from outside competition and encourage internal growth b. model practices of more developed countries c. deemphasize tradition as a guideline for government action d. nationalize industries and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor e. promote strong family systems

A

The type of agriculture practiced near large cities, which includes producing fruits and vegetables, is called a. truck farming b. subsistence agriculture c. extensive hydroponics d. gathering e. swidden

A

The type of cultural diffusion that emphasizes the importance of direct contact between those in the source region and those in outlying areas is called a. contagious diffusion b. migrant diffusion c. stimulus diffusion d. hierarchical diffusion e. relocation diffusion

A

The value added in manufacturing may be figured by subtracting the costs of raw materials and energy from the a. gross value of the product b. worker productivity c. value of essential goods and services d. value of nonessential goods and services e. GDP

A

The word Madrid is a toponym because it designates a. the name of a specific location b. the largest city in a country c. the center of political power d. Madrid is part of the region called the Iberian Peninsula e. a community in a plain region

A

This concept refers to the idea that multiple individuals acting in their own short-term self-interest can ultimately destroy a shared resource, even if maintaining that resource is in the best interest of individuals in the long run. a. tragedy of the commons b. ecological footprint c. statehood d. privatization e. environmental determinism

A

Transnational companies are those that are involved in a. international trade, production and manufacturing in multiple countries, and foreign sales and marketing in numerous countries b. manufacturing in multiple countries c. foreign sales and marketing in numerous countries d. international trade e. production in multiple countries

A

What can be determined from the above image? a. crude density b. population total c. over population d. carrying capacity e. physiological density

A

What is a geographer's most important tool of thinking spatially? a. maps b. globes c. remote sensing d. GPS e. Mashups

A

Which capital is considered a forward capital a. Brasilia b. Beijing c. Baghdad d. London e. Washington DC

A

Which crops are thought to have originated in Latin America? a. Maize, beans, cotton, potatoes b. coconut, mango, taro, peas c. barley, cattle, wheat, oats d. sorghum, yams, rice, coffee e. rice, millet soybeans, corn walnuts

A

Which ethnic group in the image above is a multi-state nation? (4 rectangles saying State A, B, C, and D. ethnic group A lies on both A and B, ethnic groups C and B both lie in state C, and ethnic group D lies in state D) a. ethnic group a b. ethnic group d c. ethnic group b d. ethnic group c e. all of the above

A

Which group represents the largest stateless nation in the world? a. Kurds b. roma c. Abkhazians d. Palestinians e. Basque

A

Which is the most common negative impact of emigration on the country of origin? a. loss of working age population to another country b. an increase in unemployment rates c. a decline in the crowded conditions of urban areas d. an increase in the number of abandoned and homeless children e. loss of farmers resulting in smaller food supply

A

Which of the following applies to the definition of urbanization? a. increasing percentages of the people living in cities b. the dwindling occupation of cities due to diseases like the bubonic plague c. the overall goods that are sold in the market of a city d. the access to cities of rural farmer's goods e. the developments of ports in polar regions

A

Which of the following best describes the image above a. people of the hill b. smart growth c. floating slum d. rank size rule e. zoning laws

A

Which of the following correctly lists the usual hierarchy of political administrative units in order from the largest to the smallest? a. empire, nationstate, province, county b. empire, county, province, nationstate c. county, nationstate, province, empire d. empire, nationstate, county, province e. province, empire, nationstate, county

A

Which of the following countries can you assume has the greatest demographic momentum based on its crude birth rate and crude death rate? a. Tanzania: 40 Birth rate and 9 death rate b. Ethiopia: 34 birth rate and 11 death rate c. Zimbabwe: 33 birth rate and 11 death rate d. Reunion: 17 birth rate and 5 death rate e. Mozambique: 44 birth rate and 15 death rate

A

Which of the following economic activity is mismatched with an economic sector? a. mining/secondary sector b. constructing buildings/tertiary sector c. raising animals/primary sector d. selling real estate/tertiary sector e. refining petroleum/secondary sector

A

Which of the following has brought significant numbers of foreign visitors and currency to Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nepal, and Belize? a. ecotourism b. casino gambling c. factory outlet shopping d. vacation cruising e. offshore banking

A

Which of the following is NOT a reason for a decline in primary sector employment? a. increase total fertility rates b. off-shoring c. rural to urban migration d. industrialization e. environmental change

A

Which of the following is NOT an indicator of global gender inequality? a. female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world b. women on average haveo nly two thirds of the income of men in MDCs c. women hold less than one fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available d. women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs e. female literacy is much lower than males in sub saharan Africa

A

Which of the following is NOT an institution commonly found in modern states? a. kinship-based rule b. political parties c. legislatures d. bureaucracies e. judicial systems

A

Which of the following is NOT one of the major changes occurring globally in agriculture? a. increase in the number of people employed in agriculture b. increased integration into wider economic and industrial systems c. both increase in the use of chemicals and machinery d. increase in the use of machinery e. increase in the use of chemicals

A

Which of the following is a pattern common in the US because of land survey techniques adopted under the Ordinance of 1785? a. rectilinear b. centralized c. linear d. formal e. random

A

Which of the following is an extinct language? a. Gothic b. Punjabi c. Celtic d. Welsh e. Quechua

A

Which of the following is the most energy efficient method of transportation per mile of travel? a. ships b. airplanes c. personal vehicles d. trains e. diesel trucks

A

Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a fragmented state? a. Indonesia b. China c. Australia d. Chile e. France

A

Which of the following structures is LEAST likely to be built in or close to the central city? a. automobile sales centers b. government buildings c. schools d. public libraries e. public parks

A

Which of the following terms refers to an area of instability located between regions with opposing political and cultural values? a. shatter belt b. enclave c. gerrymandered area d. rimland e. heartland

A

Which of the following theories is supported by Max Weber's arguments that the cultural environment of Western Europe favored early industrial development? a. WW Rostow's modernization theory b. locational interdependence theory c. Von Thunen's model d. Wallerstein's capitalist world economy e. Alfred Weber's least cost theory

A

Which of the following types of boundary disputes is illustrated by the ongoing debate between the US and Mexico regarding transport of people and goods across their long mutual border? a. functional dispute b. definitional dispute c. territorial dispute d. positional dispute e. resource dispute

A

Which of the following was NOT a reason for rapid suburbanization in the US after the 2nd World War? a. reduction in long distance commuting b. expansion of home construction c. expansion of the interstate highway system d. availability of low down payment terms and long term mortgages e. mass production of the automobile

A

Which of the following was NOT an early invention that supported the beginnings of the Industrial revolution in Britain? a. the printing press b. new smelting processes c. machines for weaving textiles d. steam powered ships e. steam powered locomotives

A

Which region of the United States do geometric boundaries predominate? a. west b. midwest c. Hawaii d. southeast e. northeast

A

Which region of the world has the largest population density? a. East Asia b. Eastern Coastal South America c. South Asia d. Eastern North America e. Europe

A

Why is double cropping or even triple cropping important? a. it allows farmers to meet the demands of ever increasing populations b. it provides consumers with more choices of foods to eat c. it allows subsistence farmers to produce more income from selling their products d. it allows farmers the freedom to rotate crops without harming the soil e. it gives producers the profit margins to meet demands of investors

A

Zoning regulations serve all of the following legitimate purposes EXCEPT a. to insure homogeneity of ethnicity in keeping with already existing neighborhood characteristics b. to provide land for certain private uses, such as shopping centers c. to provide for the creation in appropriate locations of government buildings d. to exclude undesirable land uses, such as waste disposal sites, from residential neighborhoods e. to ensure proper construction of structures on the land

A

good example of a geometric boundary is a. line of latitude b. frontier c. river d. change in language group e. mountain range

A

suppose that archaeologists studying an ancient culture discover evidence that the society's upper class practice Islam but that ordinary people practiced native religions. Then they discover evidence from 100 years later that most people in the society practiced Islam. The most logical explanation is that the society experienced a. hierarchical diffusion b. syncretism c. cultural transmission d. migrant diffusion e. transculturation

A

this country industrialized during the late 19th century during the Meiji restoration, and during the late 20th century developed an important industrial center in the Kanto Plain. this country is a. Japan b. India c. Australia d. China e. South Korea

A

A boundary that uses physiological features like rivers or mountains is referred to as a a. subsequent boundary b. natural boundary c. ecumene d. geometric boundary e. permeable barrier

B

A conflict over the sharing of water in the Kaveri River between south Indian states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu would best be classified as a. an operational boundary dispute b. an allocational boundary dispute c. a genetic boundary dispute d. a locational boundary dispute e. a definitional boundary dispute

B

A discussion of world development usually involves a. if a person or family has access to a DVD player b. understanding people's living standards in the world's countries c. how many factories a country has d. how soon in life one learns to drive an automobile

B

A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs is called a a. sound shift b. isogloss c. isotherm d. international border e. cultural border

B

A high dependency ratio suggests that a large percentage of the population is a. 65 years or older b. under 14 years old and over 65 years old c. between 1 and 64 years old d. under 14 years old e. between 14 and 64 years old

B

A megacity is defined by the UN as a city with a population of more than a. 50 million b. 10 million c. 20 million d. 1 million e. 5 million

B

A nation-state is most often defined by its twin attributes of sovereignty and a. social democracy b. ethnic homogenity c. anti terrorist policies d. religious tolerance e. economic prospoerity

B

A permanent union of sovereign states created in order to deal with common interests of defense, trade or policy is a a. macrostate b. confederation c. trust territory d. democracy d. dependency

B

A region in which people share one or more cultural traits a. cultural region b. formal region c. functional region d. perceptual region e. political region

B

A significant imbalance in the ratio of males to females in age cohorts under 30 in China, a result of the country's one-child policy, could be cited as evidence of all the following EXCEPT a. female infanticide b. gender longevity gap c. authoritarian family planning d. maladaptive behavior e. gender discrimination

B

According to Carl Sauer, vegetative planting probably originated in the diverse climates and topography of a. Mesoamerica b. Southeast Asia c. Northern Asia d. Western Europe e. East Africa

B

According to Christaller's central place theory, towns of the same size are evenly spaced because a. goods with low thresholds are more basic to trade than those with high thresholds b. they are in the center of like-sized market areas c. their markets overlap and place them in competition with one another d. they serve people with different life styles and income levels e. towns are usually independent from one another

B

According to Christaller's model of central places, towns are surrounded by a. circular shaped trade areas b hexagonal shaped trade areas c. pentagonal shaped trade areas d. overlapping hexagonal trade areas e. square shaped trade areas

B

According to Haldorf Mackinder's Heartland Theory, which of the following countries would be most likely to dominate the globe? a. the US b. the Soviet Union c. India d. Britain e. Japan

B

All map projections distort reality mainly because a. they all represent ethnocentrism of mapmakers b. they try to represent a three-dimensional object on a two dimensional surface c. maps can only show absolute locations, not relative locations d. miscalculations are inevitable since mapmaking is so complex e. physical site characteristics are impossible to show on a map

B

All of the following are often preconditions for the construction of a federal government EXCEPT: a. multicore region b. compact shape c. multiculturalism d. regionalism e. wide expanse of territory

B

All of the following are recent examples of population movements by refugees forced to move from their homeland EXCEPT: a. Afghanis from Afghanistan to neighboring countries b. Koreans to Japan c. Tutsis from Rwanda to surrounding areas d. Muslims from India to Pakistan e. Palestinians from Israel

B

An example of a modern day city state is: a. Panama Canal b. Singapore c. Germany d. Paris e. New York

B

An organism that has had its DNA modified in a laboratory rather than through cross pollination or other forms of evolution as a a. CSA b. GMO c. GOP d. DDT e. HBO

B

Development traps keep a country from evenly and progressively developing. Examples of development traps are a. humane factory conditions and good roads b. government failure and cultural barriers c. an agricultural labor force developing strong local markets d. high wealth and good health

B

Due to globalization and the growth of multi-state organizations what political strategy has increased in use by quasi-state organizations? a. participation in round table discussions b. terrorism c. becoming an effective part of the governing coalition d. peaceful demonstrations at WTO meetings e. political organization on the national level

B

During the 19th century cities like St. Louis, Missouri, Omaha, Nebraska, and Topeka Kansas, Grew rapidly because of the development of a. new smelting tech b. railroads c. new banking techniques d. transcontinental highways e. steamships

B

During the first half of the 20th century, which of the following facilitated the transportation of beef over long distances to global markets? a. airplanes b. refrigerated ships c. commercial canning d. high speed railroads e. irradiation of food

B

Economic development is often accompanied by social development. Which of the following is an index to measure social development? a. GNP per capita b. literacy rate c. GDP per capita d. Purchasing power parity e. worker productivity

B

Empowerment refers to a. a woman being given permission to serve in the military b. the ability of women to achieve economic and political power c. a constitutional guarantee of equal pay for equal work d. disenfranchised women e. a constitutional guarantee that women have the right to choose

B

Folk culture is primarily spread through? a. The Internet b. relocation c. radio d. TV e. Social Media

B

For the most part, at least in its first decades, the Green Revolution targeted __________ for improvements. a. both grains like rice, corn, and wheat, and export luxury crops like coffee, tea, and cocoa b. grains like rice, corn and wheat c. agricultural production in Africa d. export luxury crops like coffee, tea, and cocoa e. nontraditional agricultural exports like fruit, flowers, and vegetables

B

Gentrification is associated with all of the following EXCEPT a. restoration of deteriorated housing and rising property values in the inner city b. rearing children c. accessibility to high tech and executive jobs d. boutique stores e. displacement of poor residents of the inner city

B

Herders who move herds constantly in order to find food sources as old sources are depleted engage in a. shifting cultivation b. pastoral nomadism c. commercial farming d. agropastoralism e. sedentarization

B

How does ethnicity differ from race? a. race is something to which we choose to belong, ethnicity is assigned b. ethnicity is something to which we choose to belong, race is assigned c. there is no difference in common usage d. ethnicity implies a religious affiliation, race does not e. race is a physiological concept, ethnicity is not linked to genetics

B

If GMT is 4:30 PM, CST in the US is a. 2:30 PM b. 10:30 AM c. 7:30 PM d. 10:30 PM e. 4:30 AM

B

If a geographer reasons that spatial interaction is directly related to the size of the populations and inversely related to the distance between them, she is making use of a. migration selectivity b. the gravity model c. the space time prism d. the epidemiological transition e. zero population growth

B

In the image above, what is X? (Chart of Demographic transition model, X is high in stage 1 and 2, but starts drops in stage 2 and evens out at stage 4) a. birth rates b. death rate c. natural decrease d. total population e. natural increase

B

In the social are analysis of cities, social status is based on all the following factors EXCEPT a. education b. race/ethnicity c. income d. occupation

B

In what zone of Von Thunen's model would the fruit production method of farming best fit? a. livestock fattening b. market gardening c. dairy d. commercial grain e. livestock ranching

B

Industrialization diffused rather slowly because a. outside Britain, only France was to eventually industrialize b. the British jealously guarded industrial secrets and processes c. other parts of the world wanted nothing to do with these processes d. Britain wanted to hang on to its agricultural heritage as well

B

Labor intensive intertillage is often practiced in a. the Turkish highlands b. Southeast Asia c. the Canadian wheat belt d. New Zealand e. the English countryside

B

Many American cities developed unevenly between the Industrial Revolution in the late 1900s because developers and investors rejected city plans that allowed a. housing to be in outlying suburban areas b. businesses and housing to be close together c. big box retailers to build stores within city limits d. businesses to be located in strip malls e. businesses and housing to be separated by a rural barrier

B

Many of the world's countries exist in a state of neocolonialism which is a. not applicable to any of the world's most developed countries b. that, though independent, they still have strong relations with the former colonial mother country c. what drew Africa's current boundaries d. all of the above apply to neocolonialism

B

Maryland's 3rd congressional district best represents (really weirdly shaped congressional district) a. county political divisions b. gerrymandering c. census d. devolution e. electoral votes

B

Megacities are determined by all of the following except their a. centrality b. status as world city c. size d. primacy

B

Mental or cognitive maps are largely a. based on the imagined experiences of an individual b. largely developed from 1st hand experiences in a place c. accurate and reflect actual information on printed maps d. made up of cartographic and physiological information e. an accurate analysis of accessible data

B

New interstate highways built post-1960 with their large highway rings around traditional city centers increased a. the wealth of people living near the CBDs b. the construction of interchanges which fueled new Edge Cities on the periphery c. population density within the CBDs d. overall diversity within the regions e. the development and commerciality of the CBDs

B

Of america's 48 million "food insecure": a. more than half are Hispanic, and more than half live inside the cities b. more than half are white, and more than half live inside the cities c. more than half are white, and more than half live outside cities d. more than half are black, and more than half live inside the cities e. more than half are black, and more than half live outside the cities

B

On the map above, the shaded area (coast of India plus Nepal) is most associated with which of the following types of agriculture a. dairy farming b. rice cultivation c. truck farming d. slash and burn cultivation e. plantation agriculture

B

Processes of __________ spurred demand for more goods as quantities rose and prices dropped a. industrial relocation b. mass production c. political demarcation d. supply

B

Religious, cultural, and pollitical difference among Serbs, Bosnians, Albanians, and Croats, illustrate the fragmentation that has recently taken place in on a. southeast Asia b. the Balkans c. the Indian subcontinent d. the Arabian peninsula e. Subsaharan Africa

B

Since the beginning of human history, people have tended to live around a. cooler mountain areas b. bodies of water c. the area between the tropic of cancer and the tropic of capricorn d. high flat land long distances from coastal areas e. areas least susceptible to flooding

B

Sprawl is the a. land maintained as open space surrounding an urban area b. development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built up area c. increasing population density in rings two and three of the concentric zone model d. period in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic e. change in density within an urban area from the periphery to the center

B

The European Union refuses to purchase corn and soybeans from the United States because a. they import cheaper commodities from our competitors b. they are opposed to GMO crops c. they can grow more corn and soybeans in Europe d. they want to protect their corn crop e. the prices are too high

B

The Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th century moved cultural hearths to a. Latin American b. Europe and North America c. the area around the Mediterranean Sea d. East and Southeast Asia e. Southwest Asia

B

The Middle East is known as the Fertile crescent because a. It developed new farming machinery that revolutionized modern agriculture b. it was one of the first areas of sedentary farming and urban society c. historically it has had a high birth rate d. it offered biodiversity in a complex marshland ecosystem e. it is the largest modern exporter of cereal shops

B

The above image represents a. Reference map b. Thematic map c. countour map d. GIS projection e. Symbol Map

B

The above map has been drawn from asking people in the US where Appalachia is located. It is a a. point b. perceptual region c. functional region d. space e. formal region

B

The above map shows the mountain ranges of Appalachia. It is a a. formal region b. perceptual region c. distribution d. point e. functional region

B

The access to safe and nutritious food sufficient to lead an active and healthy life is known as a. protein sufficiency b. food security c. over nourishment d. obesity e. protein insecurity

B

The concentration of the US auto industry in and around Detroit, MI is an example of a a. ancillary activity b. regional economy c. external economy d. localization economy

B

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves is referred to as a. Rimland Theory b. self determinism c. ethnic transition d. colonialism e. nationalism

B

The dominant religious followership of country X is (Saudi Arabia) a. Jewish b. Sunni c. Shiite d. Roman Catholic e. Protestant

B

The early stages of the core periphery model describe the a. social and cultural differences between urban and rural people b. relationship of power and the transfer of resources from less developed to more developed areas c. ways that suburban workers commute to urban workplaces d. relationship between the underlying structure of a society and its outward expressions e. relationship between the outward appearance of a place and its internal functioning

B

The fear that workers in the developing world are displacing workers from jobs in the advanced economies is most directly supported by the phenomenon of a. compressed modernity b. deindustrializatioin c. agglomeration d. space time compression e. deglomeration

B

The lack of political unity among nations in the Middle East makes it difficult for these countries to participate in global environmental forums a. participate in global environmental forums b. address surpanational issues in the region c. develop their respective urban areas d. attend meetings of the UN security council e. form any economic alliances

B

The lowest HDI may be found in a. Central Asia b. Sub-Saharan Africa c. Latin America d. Central America e. Europe

B

The main purpose of minority/majority districting is usually to a. promote the influence of one district in relation to other districts in a state b. allow a minority representative to be elected c. reinforce a sense of regionalism d. promote party control of the legislature e. shape a government's response to issues in the future

B

The maquiladoras of Northern Mexico are a. organic agricultural cooperatives b. manufacturing outsourcing plants c. commercial produce farms d. border squatter settlements e. illegal migrant labor camps

B

The practice of land grabbing -- foreign investment in agricultural land in the world's periphery --- is designed to a. help stabilize world food prices and maintain world food supply b. make a profit and feed the core. c. create an equitable world systems economy d. alleviate world hunger e. improve rural development

B

The primary difference in height and design of buildngs in the CBD of Western Europe and North American cities is a. the CBD of North america tends to be surrounded by green belts b. buildings in the CBD of Western Europe are not usually over five stories tall c. the CBD of North America tends to have a much larger middle class than that of Western Europe d. buildings in Western Europe CBD tend to be more reflective of modern designs e. Buildings in the North American CBD tend to predate those of Western Europe

B

The process where manufacturers manage inventory by keeping only what they need immediately on hand and rely on communications and transportation to provide more resources or goods as needed is called a. deindustrialization b. just in time delivery c. footloose industry d. break of bulk e. least cost location

B

The process where people move back into renovated older housing is called a. zoning b. gentrification c. sub-urbanization d. redlining e. filtering

B

The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea give coastal countries navigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones? a. 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone b. 12 mile nautical territorial sea zone c. empowerment zone d. continental shelf e. export processing zone

B

The region with the highest TFR is a. China b. Sub Saharan Africa c. India d. Europe e. North Africa

B

The second agricultural revolution developed at the same time as: a. humans were forming communes and practiced open field farming b. growing urban markets were demanding increased food production c. vast shortages in laborers existed because of communicable diseases d. large streams of migrants moved from core to peripheral countries e. improved genetic modification of food allowed for increased harvests in developing countries

B

The youngest major religion is a. Judaism b. Islam c. Christianity d. Buddhism e. Hinduism

B

Traditionally, land values in the CBD were prohibitevly high for residential use, which caused the American city a. to move its CBD to another location b. to expand outwards c. to shrink d. to stop growing e. engage in smart growth

B

Under the bid rent theory a. the lowest rents are in the urban city centers b. areas easily accessible to the city center earn the highest rents c. the most physically attractive locations earn the highest rents d. businesses look for the cheapest rents without caring about location

B

Viewing the radio stations in relation to one another, it best shows a. location b. pattern c. scale d. point e. space

B

Wealthy individuals are an example of a. subsidies b. investment capital c. skilled labor d. scientists e. government sub-contractors

B

What climate and agricultural regions are found between 75N and 60N latitude? a. mixed crop and humid continental b. pastoral Nomadism and Humid Cold Climate c. mediterranean and marine west coast d. grain farming and Continental climates e. plantations and Tropical climates

B

What is one of the consequences of the fences the US builds along the border with Mexico, especially those separating cities on both sides of the border? a. US companies are investing more in maquiladoras b. It forces illegal immigrants to cross in hostile terrain, such as deserts, leading to higher numbers of deaths c. since the fences are designed to be attractive and friendly, relations between the two countries have improved d. desperate migrants have started carrying guns and confronting the Border Patrol e. Remittances from the US to Mexico have been sharply reduced

B

What is overpopulation? a. when the resources are depleted b. when carrying capacity is exceeded c. when poverty and hunger result from economic inequality d. an over crowded populated area e. the relationship between population and a region's level of resources

B

What is the global lingua franca of technology and the internet? a. Chinese b. English c. Hindi d. Swahili e. French

B

What is the name used to describe a city with over 10 million in population? a. village b. megacity c. primate city d. megalopolis e. World City

B

What was a result of the theories shown above? a. China's turn to communism b. containment theory c. World War II d. UN e. NAFTA

B

When African colonies became independent countries, one of its first acts of many of the new governments was to a. build new road systems b. change the names of places that had been named after colonial figures c. conduct a census d. seek international aid e. build a new capital city

B

When birth rates decline, what happens? a. the population shifts towards females b. the average age of the population grows older c. the average age of the population grows younger d. infant mortality rates rise e. the number of producers in the ecosystem decreases

B

Where are you not likely to find an all beef Big Mac at the McDonald's restaurants in India? a. Lamb is the preferred red meat in South Asia b. Most of the people are Hindus who generally do not eat beef c. all the people of India are vegetarians d. after the last outbreak of mad cow disease, all the cows were slaughtered e. chicken is cheaper to raise in India

B

Which city would most likely have the highest bid rent in its urban center? a. Liverpool, UK b. Tokyo, Japan c. Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo d. Berlin, Germany e. Cincinnati, US

B

Which of the following crops is grown on the sides of terraced hills to allow flowing water to run over the plants? a. wheat b. rice c. soybeans d. millet e. taro

B

Which of the following cultural regions of the US has the strongest historical connections to Lutheran christian traditions? a. the south b. the upper midwest c. the rocky mountains d. the pacific northwest e. New England

B

Which of the following foods was unknown in the Western Hemisphere before the Columbian Exchange of the late 15th and 16th centuries? a. beans b. wheat c. potatoes d. squash e. corn

B

Which of the following gives the most accurate measure of relative economic prosperity? a. nation income b. purchasing power parity c. GDP per capita d. GNP per capita

B

Which of the following industries will most likely locate closest to its raw material source? a. baking b. iron smelting c. soft drink bottling d. automobile assembly e. brewing

B

Which of the following is NOT a significant factor in the dramatic increase in global food production since the mid-20th century a. the expanded use of fertilizers b. a significant increase in the amount of cultivated land c. the development of higher yielding varieties of crops d. the spread of agribusiness to some developing countries e. the growing of specialized crops based on profitability

B

Which of the following is NOT necessary criterion for a state? a. recognition by other states b. common culture and identity c. sovereignty d. a permanent population e. defined boundary

B

Which of the following is NOT one of the important developments in the industrialization of agriculture? a. the introduction of agrochemicals, biotechnologies, fertilizers, and hybrid seeds b. increases focus on the family farm as the centerpiece of agricultural production c. changes in rural labor activities d. movement of individual from rural to urban areas e. the development of industrial substitutes for agricultural products

B

Which of the following is a sustainable agricultural practice? a. using GMOs b. no till agriculture c. increase animal production for protein d. irrigation of marginal lands e. desertification

B

Which of the following is an example of agribusiness? a. selling handwoven wool rugs b. processing crops into canned food c. manufacturing clothing from cotton d. cutting trees for lumber e. mining coal for energy

B

Which of the following is not an example of the spatial impact of religion? a. Pagodas b. housing styles c. cemeteries d. bodhi trees e. Shrines

B

Which of the following is not cause of desertification? a. overgrazing by animals b. policies favoring nomadic herding over sedentary farming c. over cultivation of semiarid lands d. irrigation resulting in salinization e. off road vehicles increasing soil loss in drylands

B

Which of the following is true of an edge city? a. it is close to bankruptcy b. it has a large amount of recently developed retail and office space c. it is located on the edge of a lake, river , or other physical feature d. it is an outlet for a region's trade e. it is increasingly used for heavy industry

B

Which of the following is useful for describing a settlement node whose primary function is to provide support for the population in its hinterland a. concentric zone model b. Christaller's model of central place c. Rostow's model of economic development d. Von Thunen's model of land use e. Core-Periphery model

B

Which of the following nations is considered a stateless-nation? a. French b. Kurdish c. Spanish d. Polish e. Jewish

B

Which of the following population control examples did Thomas Malthus support? a. relocating cities and towns away from stagnant pools and marshy lands to promote better health among all citizens b. the upper class utilizing moral restraint to limit family size c. the upper class paying additional taxes to fund family planning and cleanliness education for the lower classes d. widening city streets in low income neighborhoods to reduce over crowding and the spread of disease e. equitably distributing food among all citizens regardless of wealth during times of famine

B

Which of the following populations will most likely be stable over time? a. a population with a large number of pre reproductive individuals and smaller numbers of elderly and reproductive age b. a population with an approximately equal number of individuals who are elderly and who are of pre reproductive and reproductive age c. a population with a greater percentage of elderly individuals than those of pre reproductive and reproductive age d. a population with a greater percentage of individuals who are at pre reproductive or reproductive age that the elderly e. a population with many males than females

B

Which of the following types of farming is most often used to raise wet, or lowland, rice? a. pastoral nomadism b. intensive subsistence c. plantation farming d. shifting cultivation e. commercial gardening

B

Which religion supports the caste system but is illegal under the law? a. Islam b. Hinduism c. Catholicism d. Judaism e. Buddhism

B

Which statement describes the relative location of Barcelona, Spain? a. one of the largest cities in Spain b. 386 miles west of Madrid and 644 miles south of Paris c. the capital of the Catalonia region d. in the Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere e. 41 degrees north, 2 degrees east

B

Which theorist used the idea of desertification in his theory? a. Carl Sauer b. George Perkins Marsh c. Ptolemy d. Eratosthenes e. Idrisi

B

Which was a main characteristic of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent? a yams and potatoes b. wheat and barley c. vegeculture d. corn and squash e. millet and sorghum

B

Who is the largest milk producer and largest meat producer respectively a. US and Canada b. India and China c. Argentina and Russia d. Germany and Russia e. France and Brazil

B

__________ is the breeding of fish in freshwater ponds, lakes, and canals or in fenced-off coastal bays and estuaries or enclosures. a tropiculture b. aquaculture c. swidden agriculture d. tragedy of the commons e. xericulture

B

compared to large, industrial farms, traditional intensive subsistence farms tend to a. use chemical fertilizers rather than manure and compost b. be a more sustainable form of production c. lack agricultural and environmental understanding d. rely more on sophisticated forms of mechanization e. have low yields

B

plantations---from coffee, cocoa and tea to rubber, palm oil and bananas--typically practice a. aquaculture b. monoculture c. polyculture d. multiculture e. silviculture

B

the railroad system shown above is indicative of what (picture of railroad systems in Tanzania) a. structural adjustment loans b. infrastructure barriers c. centripetal forces d. gender inequality e. mass consumption

B

which of the following agricultural operations is characterized by sizeable capital, low labor input per unit of land, large land units, and medium/long distance from market? a. hunting/gathering b. commercial wheat farming c. patch agriculture d. intensive subsistence farming e. shifting cultivation

B

which of the following generally is NOT a centripetal force in a Nation-state a. national flags, symbols, and holidays b. strong allegiance to subnational ethnicities c. strong allegiance to the country d. fast and efficient transportation e. strong state-sponsored institutions

B

A good example of a geometric boundary is a a. mountain range b. change in language group c. line of latitude d. river e. frontier

C

A social decline in religious adherence is referred to a. fundamentalism b. mysticism c. secularism d. syncretism e. partisanship

C

A toponym is a. a physical characteristic of a place b. mathematical grid used to find a place c. a name given to a place on Earth d. the location of a place in relationship of another place e. the characteristics that make a place distinct

C

According to WW Rostow's model of economic development, in order for a country to be ready for "take-off" it must have a. a majority of the population engaged in tertiary activities b. an investment in manufacturing equal or greater than 10 percent of national income c. a physical infrastructure and a social/political elite d. a democratic form of government e. comparative advantages in internation trade, which it exploits

C

According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea what is the correct order of zones from most control to least control? a. exclusive economic zone, contiguous zone, high seas, territorial seas b. exclusive economic zone, contiguous zone, territorial seas, high seas c. territorial seas, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, high seas d. high seas, territorial seas, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone e. territorial seas, exclusive economic zone, high seas, contiguous zone

C

According to the gravity model of migration, in which state and city of the United States would Meican migrants be most likely to live? a. Alabama and Washington, DC b. Georgia and Memphis c. Texas and Los Angeles d. Florida and Philadelphia e. North Carolina and Chicago

C

According to the least-cost location theory, a firm for which the cost to transport raw materials is high is most likely to locate: a. near a large skilled labor pool b. near an amenable climate c. near its source of raw materials d. near the market for its goods

C

According to the sector model, if family X has an income of 100,000 and family Y has and income of 40,000 but family Z has an income of 115,000 a. families X and Y are likely to live in the same sector of the city b. families Y and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city c. families X and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city d. families X, Y, and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city e none of these families are likely to live in the same sector of the city

C

After WWII, the governments of many European nations countered urban housing shortages by building a. public housing in rural areas b. private residential towers within the city c. subsidized housing blocks within the city d. efficient urban highways e. private residential housing in commuter zones

C

Alfred Weber's model for the location of industry has been criticized for not considering a. the impact of deglomeration b. transportation costs c. the ability of business owners to juggle expenses d. the impact of agglomeration e. labor costs

C

All of the following are advantages of using water as boundaries except that a. water creates relatively consistent boundaries over time b. water provides protection against invasion c. resource allocation can become a source of conflict d. oceans create a buffer between states e. water creates a visible boundary

C

All of the following are ways countries use ecotourism EXCEPT a. to attract a younger, more eco-conscious tourism clientele b. to offset destruction of natural habitats c. to prevent the displacement of indigenous cultures and peoples d. to educate the populace about environmental conservation e. to offer their people a way to earn money without engaging in slash and burn agriculture

C

All of the following states are located in the Corn Belt EXCEPT a. Indiana b. Kansas c. Montana d. Illinois e. Nebraska

C

Allocational boundary disputes involve a. positions of borders b. policies that apply in border areas c. natural resources d. irredentism e. ownership of land

C

Although the United Kingdom is divided into several countries-England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland-it constitutes a. a single party state b. a puppet state c. a unitary state d. a federal state e. a communist state

C

Based on the information presented above, what is the likely information for Y? (commercial Agricultural Activity) a. specialized b. cash crops c. monoculture d. diverse e. mechanical

C

Both domestic and international acts of terror are defined as terrorism because both a. are organized through digital communications b. can be traced to radical religious doctrines c. have the effect of intimidating a group of people through violence d. have been outlawed by anti terrorist legislation e. can be perpetrated by groups that believe in civil disobedience

C

Central place theory explains the relative size and spacing of urban centers based on a. natural resources b. cultural differences c. markets and consumer behavior d. urban ecology e. governmental planning

C

Christaller's central place model is least likely to be applicable to a. special function cities b. regions where people have similar life styles and income c. multi function cities d. regions with multiple towns e. rural areas

C

Economic complementarities between two places tend to a. the total fertility rate of each country b. the amount of arid land in each country c. occur when each place specializes in commodities demanded by the other d. the amount of arable land in each country e. reflect only differences in resource base

C

Exclaves are often created for which of the following reasons? a. to develop transportation infrastructure and sustainable agriculture. b. to increase trade with nearby countries c. to create political boundaries that attempt to unite ethnic groups in nearby regions under the control of one government in order to decrease conflict in a region d. to try to encourage a country to become more compact in its shape e. to decrease population and economic pressure by dividing a country into smaller parts or provinces

C

External economies result from all of the following except a. shared fixed social capital b. shared labor markets c. shared profits d. shared infrastructure e. shared information and innovation

C

Following the rank size rule, if the population of the largest city in a country or region is 1 million, the fourth largest city should contain about this many people a. 133,000 b. 500,000 c. 250,000 d. 400,000 e. 100,000

C

Food pantries, such as those in Spring, Texas face the problem of: a. determining best methods of food distribution b. a limited number of recipients c. limited donations of fresh or frozen food d. lack of available space for food e. finding staff members

C

For an emigrant, war in his or her homeland is an example of a. draw factor b. force factor c. push factor d. driving factor e. pull factor

C

Found in Houston, TX, the above sign best demonstrates (Picture of sign in Chinese and English) a. linguistic fragmentation b. cultural relativism c. acculturation d. pidgin e. assimilation

C

In a simplified model of a city, the zone where retail and office activities are clustered is the a. urbanized downtown area b. hub c. central business district d. metropolitan statistical area e. central commerce zone

C

In the Columbian Exchange which crops or products had their origins in America? a. wheat and barley b. soy and dates c. sweet potatoes and tobacco d. citrus and coffee e. sheep and goats

C

In the sector model, Homer Hoyt added what main characteristic to a city's development? a. soil characteristics for housing construction b. skyscrapers c. transport corridors d. port functions e. population density gradients

C

Latitude and Longitude will give you the __________ location of a place a. relative b. cultural c. absolute d. reference e. situation

C

Longitude is the prime meridian as latitude is to the a. tropic of cancer b. south pole c. equator d. tropic of capricorn e. north pole

C

Monuments, flags, slogans, and religious icons are all examples of a. independent inventions b. non-material culture c. cultural symbols d. toponyms e. cultural landscapes

C

Of 4 possible areas of distortion on a map, which of the following is NOT one of the types of distortion. a. shape b. direction c. scale d. area e. distance

C

Physical geography, ethnic separatism, terrorism, economic and social problems, and irredentism are most likely to result in: a. democracy b. supranationalism c. devolution d. state morphology e. unitary state

C

Primate cities are found in the world's a. peripheral countries b. south c. core and peripheral countries, both d. North e. core countries

C

Relative location defines a place in terms of a. place in arrangement of objects on earth's surface b. similarity to other places c. how central or isolated it is in relation to other places d. its distance north and south of the equator e. its distance east and west of the prime meridian

C

Secondary activities differ from tertiary activity in that a. secondary activities involve extraction, tertiary manufacturing b. secondary industry is footloose; tertiary activity is locationally fixed c secondary activity is raw material oriented; tertiary industry is footloose d. secondary activities generate the highest percentage of total output in high income countries e. secondary activity is ubiquitous; tertiary industry is market oriented

C

Situtation factors have mainly to do with a. infrastructure b. natural geographic features c. transportation d. political influences e. cultural influences

C

States with the ability to carry out actions or policies within their borders independently from interference are said to have a. a consensual political culture b. integration c. sovereignty d. traditional legitimacy e. nationalism

C

The Green Revolution has had the least impact on people who live in a. Southeast Asia b. China c. Subsaharan Africa d. India e. the Philippines

C

The Green Revolution innovations in agriculture area based on a package of inputs including all of the following except a. irrigation b. high yielding seed varieties c. natural fertilizers d. chemical pesticides e. synthetic fertilizers

C

The Prime Meridian, which passes through Greenwich, England is equivalent to which of the following lines of longitude? a. 90 degrees longitude b. 180 degrees longitude c. 0 degrees longitude d. 45 degrees longitude e. 270 degrees longitude

C

The above model is (Picture of model with oddly shaped and different colored sectors) a. galactic city b. Delij c. Harris and Ullman d. Burgess e. Hoyt

C

The best application of the above model is to (model showing zones expanding in a fan shape from a port zone) a. Rio de Janerio, Brazil b. Chicago, US c. Jakart, Indonesia d. Lagos, Nigeria e. Mexico City, Mexico

C

The combined characteristics of peripheral, tropical, former colony, and small scale agriculture is most likely to indicate: a. widespread mechanization b. opium production c. coffee production d. low dependency ratios e. primary economic activities in manufacturing

C

The dominate religious followership of country Z is (Country Z is Yemen) a. Roman Catholic b. Jewish c. Sunni d. Hindu e. Shiite

C

The evolving global geography of Nike shoe manufacturing is based on changing patterns of a. market demand b. expertise and skills c. labor costs d. exchange rates e. raw materials

C

The exercise of state power over people and territory, and being recognized by other international states, refers to a. centrifugalism b. nationalism c. sovereignty d. imperialism e. citizenship

C

The fact that Spanish often appears on signs, phone recordings, and government forms in the US reflects a change created in a dominant country as a result of a. transculturation between the US and Latin American countries b. migrant diffusion c. the acculturation of Spanish speaking immigrants d. the assimilation of Spanish speaking immigrants e. syncretism

C

The government of __________ asserts sovereignty over Taiwan and considers the island to be its 23rd province, but it does not control its political affairs. a. Philippines b. Cambodia c. China d. Thailand e. Burma

C

The large number of students learning English as a second language in schools in many countries around the world is an indication that English has become a a. pidgin b. significant dialect c. lingua franca d. source of fragmentation e. standard language

C

The major difference between a pidgin and a creole is that a a. pidgin is a language subfamily; a creole is a dialect b. pidgin is spoken in the Eastern Hemisphere; a creole is spoken in the Western Hemisphere c. pidgin is a second language; a creole is a first language d. pidgin is a lingua franca; a creole is not

C

The major obstacle faced by most immigrants comes from a. transportation and access b. terrorist actions c. political restrictions d. global recession and depression e. nationalist movements

C

The position of UAE and Saudi Arabia on the graph above is most likely due to a. emphasis on primary economic activities b. low GDP c. restrictions on the public role of women d. country wide literacy rates e. restrictions on alcohol

C

The practice of predatory lending leaves what areas of the city at more risk? a. commercial areas with light manufacturing b. CBD skyscraper regions c. lower income inner city areas d. middle class old suburbs e. outer suburb

C

The smallest clustered settlement on the urban hierarchy a. suburb b. village c. hamlet d. town e. city

C

The tallest and most elaborate buildings in medieval cities in Europe were usually a. houses for the elites b. government buildings c. churches d. trade centers e. palaces for kings

C

The theory that people will do what is in their own best interest even when it is not in the best interest of the common good is called the a. theory of best self interest b. theory of the common good c. tragedy of the commons d. comedy of the anti commons e. theory of non sustainability

C

The zone in transition in US cities typically contains which of the following? a. agricultural land b. suburbs, agricultural land, parking lots, and transportation hubs c. warehouses, industry, and poorer-quality housing d. legal offices and parking lots e. skyscrapers, suburbs, agricultural land, parking lots and restaurants

C

This type of state has a centralized government and administration that exercises control equally over all parts of the state? a. regional b. federal c. unitary d. democratic e. compact

C

What is the relationship of global food production or population growth? a. food production is well below population growth b. food production cannot keep up with population growth c. food production exceeds population growth d. food production is about even with population growth e. none of the above

C

When a city is NOT designed to be sustainable and eco-friendly, it has the potential to become a. an eco village b. a center of lost space c. an urban heat island d. part of the public realm e. a suburban ghetto

C

When the Von Thunen rural land use model is applied to the US, at its core what is the most similar to the original model? a. cotton and tobacco in the South b. specialty crops in Florida c. vegetables and dairying in the Northeast d. specialty crops in California

C

Which area of the world would most likely lead the others in the production of wheat? a. central Brazil b. southeast Asia c. Ukraine or Eastern Europe d. Central Africa e. Interior Australia

C

Which best explains why the above image is considered part of the built environment? a. it is found primarily in rural areas b. it is a product that was invented to solve a problem c. it is a part of the landscape made by humans d. it is designed to regulate the movement of animals e. it is often used as part of boundaries

C

Which is characteristic of Rostow's stage 3? a. economic output exceeds population growth b majority of population uses advanced technology c. manufacturing investment in export-based economy d. countries are exploited by core e. significant incorporation of advanced technology

C

Which is the best example of the tertiary sector economic activities? a. mining the iron ore for the engine of that automobile b. the transporting of automobile parts from Mexico c. the sale of insurance for an automobile d. assembling the automobile in a factory e. changing the oil of an automobile

C

Which is the most inclusive organization and has a primary goal the maintenance of international peace and security a. NAFTA b. OPEC c. United Nations d. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development e. NATO

C

Which of the following building styles is mismatched with an area of use? a. wet mud mixed with straw/Northern China b. wood/North America c. oven-baked blocks of cement/Middle East d. stone/Andes Mountains e. wattle/Africa

C

Which of the following countries has the largest percentage of Shiites in its population? a. Lebanon b. Saudi Arabia c. Iran d. Turkey e. Iraq

C

Which of the following industries is LEAST likely to locate near the market for its finished products? a. automobile assembly b. potato chip factory c. plywood mill d. soft drink and beer bottling e. mattress manufacturing

C

Which of the following is NOT a form of commercial farming? a. fruit farming b. livestock ranching c. slash and burn agriculture d. Mediterranean agriculture e. grain farming

C

Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Themes of geography? a. Location b. movement c. people d. region e. human-environment

C

Which of the following is a group of countries with steady or declining birth rates? a. Madagascar, Bhutan, Iraq b. Niger, Mali, Uganda c. Germany, Japan, Hong Kong d. Benin, Haiti, Cameroon e. Yemen, Chad, Djibouti

C

Which of the following is an example of a centrifugal force within a nation-state? a. economic equality among regions b. ethnic homogeneity c. a separatist movement that demands independence d. a strong sense of nationalism e. a strong national economy

C

Which of the following is most useful in describing a large urban area consisting of an inner city surrounded by suburban edge cities? a. Harris and Ullman's multiple-nuclei model b. Christaller's central place theory c. Harris's peripheral model d. Burgess's concentric model e. Hoyt's sector model

C

Which of the following is not a component of Fordism? a. vertical integration b. producer driven commodity chain c. multi skilled labor d. maximum inventory e. hierarchical management style

C

Which of the following is the best example of a subsequent boundary? a. Mexico/US b. GREAT WALL OF CHINA c. Ireland/Northern Ireland d. Colorado/Kansas e. China/Tibet

C

Which of the following most closely qualifies as a buffer state? a. France b. Venezuela c. Mongolia d. Macedonia e. China

C

Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a perforated state? a. China b. Poland c. South Africa d. United Kingdom e. Namibia

C

Which of the following states is a buffer state between India and China? a. Vietnam b. Sri Lanka c. Nepal d. Mongolia e. Japan

C

Which one of the following is the best example of a nation-state? a. Switzerland b. China c. Japan d. South Africa e. United Kingdom

C

Which statement best describes the absolute location of Paris, France? a. in the heart of France b. in the Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere c. 49 degrees N, 2 degrees E d. 127 miles away from the English Channel e. the capital of France

C

Why are cities such as Sao Paulo, Rio de Janerio, Buenos Aires, and Callao located at or near the coast? a. the wars of independence damaged many inland cities b. the climate is generally warmer on the coast and cooler in the highlands c. the colonial economies were export oriented d. few Amerindian populations centers were located on the coast e. Latin American armed forces have extensive plans for the defense of coast sites

C

the above image is most likely to be found in (picture of Roman Catholic ? Church) a. Iran b. Egypt c. France d. Russia e. Brazil

C

which climate and agricultural regions are found between 20 N and 20S latitude a. grain farming and continental climates b. pastoral nomadism c. plantations and tropical climates d. mixed crop and humid continental e. Mediterranean and Marine West Cost

C

which of the following statements about lands where Mediterranean agriculture is practiced is INNACURATE? a. land is often hilly or mountainous b. summer are hot and dry c. they are on the east coasts of continents d. they border seas or oceans e. farming is often done on narrow strips of land along the coast

C

which of the following was NOT a change brought about by the Neolithic Revolution? a. job specialization b. development of distinctions between settled people and nomads c. stabilization of population growth d. widening of gender differences e. increase in reliable food supplies

C

A clustering of doctor's office and pharmacies near hospitals is BEST explained by the benefits of a. intervening opportunity b. enfranchisement c. balkanization d. agglomeration e. decentralization

D

A husband migrates from Mexico to the US and earns money to allow for his family to follow him to the US. This is an example of a. force migration b. distance decay c. interregional migration d. chain migration e. internal migration

D

A main function of the ___________ is to foster long term development by providing loans or other technical assistance to developing countries a. United Nations b. World Bank c. Grameen Bank d. Structural Adjustment Program e. International Monetary Fund

D

A population continuing to grow following a fertility decline due to the large percentage of young people is known as a. demographic push b. demographic force c. demographic thrust d. demographic momentum e. demographic surge

D

A set of processes that are increasing interactions and interdependence without regard to country borders a. pandemics b. spatial diffusion c. distance decay d. globalization e. accessibility

D

According to Malthus, what happens after T in the above image (Intersecting point between population line and food line) a. increased food production b. enlightenment c. innovation d. famine e. birth control/abstinence

D

According to Ravenstein, the most common reason people migrate is for a. environmental reasons b. authoritarian reasons c. political reasons d. economic reasons e. war

D

According to data from the US Census Bureau, which of the following is likely to be the MOST segregated between black and white residents? a. a metropolitan area in the West b. a small town in the west c. a metropolitan area in the south d. a metropolitan area in the northeast e. a small town in the south

D

Agglomeration activities a. are politically more appealing to conservative presidential candidates b. tend to develop city states, breaking cities away from larger political units c. make cities stick together like glue d. allow cities to focus heavily on different types of functions e. decrease the importance of the functions within a city

D

All geographers, human or physical, are interested in the __________ of a phenomenon a. origin b. absolute location c. diffusion d. spatial distribution e. temporal patterns

D

All models for urban land use support the concept that a. suburbs are almost completely residential b. lower income people tend to live close to the city's center c. land uses do not usually carry over from one generation to the next d. most people prefer to live near others with similar demographic characteristics e. all cities have one central business area that dominates all others

D

All of the following are advantages of GMO's EXCEPT a. reduction of crop damage from adverse weather conditions b. allows for more profit from increased yield c. increase yields grown on the same or less acreage d. lower levels of biodiversity with fewer strains e. can reduce fossil fuel use

D

All of the following are criticisms of using GDP as a measure of standard of living for residents of a country EXCEPT: a. it is possible for GDP to increase and for real incomes in a country to decline under certain conditions b. it does not measure economic externalities c. it does not measure the distribution of wealth d. it is measured in a consistent way world-wide e. it does not take the nonmonetary economy into account

D

An example of a base industry in Detroit is: a. police operations b. grocery stores c. dance halls d. automobile manufacturing e. opera operation

D

Arithmetic population density can be calculated by a. total land area minus total population b. total population multiplied by total land area c. total population minus total population d. total population divided by total land area e. total land area multiplied by total population

D

As a nodal point, which would a standard CBD like Chicago NOT contain? a. main centers of finance and commerce b. main bus stations c. main train stations d. main airports

D

Brain drain occurs when a. teachers are underpaid and leave education to work in other industries b. girls and women do not have the same access to education as boys and men c. educational facilities close due to lack of funding and support from the government d. young people leave their home country for education and do not return e. a workforce is undereducated and can only perform low skill jobs

D

By 1960, modern suburbs were where most people lived in the US by 1980, the suburbs were even farther away from the city center and were where a. extensive public transportation systems were developed b. only white protestants lived c. the poorest people still lived and squatted on land they did not own d. where most people shopped and worked e. people lived while still mainly commuting to the CBD

D

Cash cropping is a form of a. pastoral nomadism b. aquaculture c. mixed farming d. extensive agriculture e. subsistence agriculture

D

Cities appeared during the formative era 4000-2000 BCE in all of the following areas EXCEPT a. Aegean Sea b. Mesopotamia c. Nile River Valley d. Mississippi River Valley e. Indus river valley

D

Countries whose economies are dominated by primary sector activities tend to have a relatively low per capita GDP. The exceptions are a. primary commodity producing countries (Mexico, China, Turkey) b. service based countries (US, Canada, Austria) c. tourism-based countries (Jamaica, Kenya, Thailand) d. some oil-rich countries (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Venezuela) e. manufacturing based countries (Germany, Italy, Japan)

D

Detroit is trying to figure out how to shut down and close off __________ because the city cannot afford to pay for street lights, garbage pickup, and police protection for the entire 360 square kilometers a. the rap video industry b. the entire CBD c. the corporate investment d. entire neighborhoods e. advertising revenue

D

Every country in Africa was either colonized or under the imperial control of a European power except a. Egypt b. Kenya c. Nigeria d. Ethiopia e. South Africa

D

For a person, household or country to be food secure means that a. enough food is available and the person, household or country is self-reliant b. the food supply is safe and disease and bacteria free c. enough food to available d. access to enough food is assured e. the person, household or country is self-reliant

D

Fragmented states can help create which type of forces within a state? a. cumulative causation b. centripetal c. irredentism d. centrifugal e. backwash effects

D

Houses built on raised platforms of stilts reflect a building style that originated in the US in a. the southwest b. the midwest c. New England d. the south e. the west coast area

D

Hunting and gathering societies a. occur nearly everywhere but are especially common in Europe b. are responsible for most of the environmental degradation of the planet c. include about 15 percent of the world's people d. are found in isolated places in the world e. are characterized by large concentrations of people

D

If, over time, immigrants lose their native customs, including religion and language, the process that has taken place is called a. acculturation b. syncretism c. cultural transmission d. assimilition e. transculturation

D

In a multinational state the population consists of __________ or more nations. a. 3 b. 5 c. 4 d. 2 e. 1

D

In contrast to a state, a nation a. the portion of the earth's surface containing a permanent population b. is a group of people living in an enclave of a city c. is a political entity, with sovereignty over its own territory d. is a cultural concept implying a group of people occupying a particular territory and unified by shared beliefs e. is a territory established by international agreement or military force

D

In the US, it has been demonstrated that a sudden influx of wealth into an urban ghetto typically leads to a. reunification of extended families throughout the ghetto b. a drop in the number of women owned businesses in the ghetto c. further segregation and the persistence of the ghetto d. desegregation and economic development within the ghetto e. the ghetto's transformation into a commuter zone

D

In the winter wheat area of the US, the crop is planted in a. spring and harvested in autumn b. spring and harvested in summer c. winter and harvested in spring d. autumn and harvested in summer e. winter and harvested in autumn

D

In which of the following world regions has the Green Revolution had the least impact on agriculture? a. southeast asia b. central america c. south asia d. sub-saharan africa e. east asia

D

Many companies moved their operations from New England and the Midwest to locations in the South because: a. southern regions had better access to deep water ports b. the South had more advantageous relative locations c. southern culture was a social pull factor d. the south had less expensive labor factors than northern regions e. the southerly climate was an environmental push factor

D

Many early factories developed around places where raw materials were mined like a rivers in Kentucky and Indiana b. gold in San Francisco, CA c. port cities like Bostn or New Orleans d. coal in central Pennsylvania e. copper in Bingham Canyon, Utah

D

Maquiladoras are found a. in Canada, clustered in and around Quebec b. throughout Spanish speaking communities of North America c. in the Philippines, in export processing zones d. in Mexico, clustered near the US border e. throughout the world's periphery

D

Members of this group have farmhouses readily identifiable by the lack of electrical lines, buggies and horses, outside and people who dress in traditional styles. they are found in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana. Members of this group are the a. Scotch-Irish of the Appalachians b. Shakers c. Southern African Americans d. Amish e. people of the Ozarks

D

One method of organizing earth's surface into regions emphasizes core and peripheral areas. This method identifies a. uniform regions b. perceptual regions c. vernacular regions d. functional regions e. formal regions

D

Stage 5 of demographic transition would be characterized by: a. a low CBR and a low CDR resulting in an unchanging NIR b. a high TFR and a high CDR resulting in a negative NIR c. a high CDR and a high CBR resulting in an unchanging NIR d. a low CBR, increasing CDR resulting in negative NIR

D

The above image best represents the concept of (Map of the world getting smaller and smaller with transportation advances) a. multinational corporations b. local global continuum c. globalization d. space time compression e. perceptual regions

D

The above image shows a residential map of Detroit, classified into areas of grade. What is the most likely characteristic of Fourth Grade classification a. Shantytowns and squatter settlements b. significantly higher land costs c. population that is primarily Hispanic d. Inability to get home loans to buy/sell in area e. Large single family detached homes

D

The above imagine shows areas of (Map with areas of northern South America and west Sub Saharan Africa highlighted) a. nomadic hearding b. plantation agriculture c. dry rice dominate d. swidden e. wet-rice dominate

D

The above is a (A bar with meters written on it) a. representative fraction b. verbal scale c. tissot indicatrix d. linear scale e. conformal scale

D

The above pyramid is most likely found in a (population pyramid with very high amounts of people between 10-14 and 15-19) a. city with a large Native American population b. city with a large retired population c. city with a large refugee population d. city with a large university e. city with a large military base

D

The concentric zone demonstrates a way that urban residents were able to gradually move up economically and socially by allowing them a. to migrate progressively away from the residential zone b. to migrate progressively away from the commuter zone c. to migrate progressively away from the transitional zone d. to migrate progressively away from the central business district e. to migrate progressively away from the working-class zone

D

The concentric zone model is portrayed as a series of rings, with the outermost ring being the a. zone of transition b. central business district c. factory zone d. commuter zone e. working class zone

D

The density gradient describes a change as distance increases from the center of the city in the a. number of businesses b. size of houses c. average income of residents d. number of residents and houses e. amount of open space

D

The earliest sovereign states that comprised a town together with the surrounding countryside were known as a. nations b. colonies c. nation states d. city states e. countries

D

The globalization of popular culture has been most directly encouraged by the diffusion of a. folk culture b. Chinese culture c. British culture d. American culture e. Latin culture

D

The largest branch of Christianity is a. Baptist b. Lutheran c. Protestant d. Roman Catholic e. Eastern Orthodox

D

The layering of geographic data by computer into datasets is known as a. GPA b. RSS c. GNI d. GIS e. ENSO

D

The map shown above indicates (Idrisi's Map of the world) a. a greater familiarity with Asia b. a greater familiarity with Iraq c. an Azmuthal projection d. a greater familiarity with Greece e. an emphasis on navigation

D

The overgrazing of pasture areas in arid climates has caused which problem? a. soil loss b. mass starvation c. global warming d. desertification e. soil erosion

D

The policy is to deliberately remove one ethnic group or religious group by violence or terror is a. civil war b. balkanization c. nation building d. ethnic cleansing e. genocide

D

The primary factor in von Thunen's model for choosing commercial farm products is a. soil character b. climate c. labor cost d. market location e. land price

D

The school of thought that says that physical environment may limit some actions but people can adjust to their environment is a. environmental determinism b. sustainable geography c. cultural ecology d. possibilism e. gaia hypothesis

D

The study of populations is a. ethnography b. biology c. democracy d. demography e. physiography

D

The territorially-based sense of identity in groups like the Basques, Kurds the Quebec's French-speaking population is referred to as a. territorialism b. nationalism c. multinationalism d. regionalism e. sectionalism

D

The total number of people divided by total land area gives us a measure known as a. physiological population density b. population concentration c. sustainability d. arithmetic density e. carrying capacity

D

The trends shown above from 1940 to 1960 are most likely the result of: (sorry, can't describe this chart) a. concerns regarding natural disasters such as hurricanes, fire, and drought b. internal migration of agricultural workers due to redundancy of their jobs and textile factory opportunities c. Asian migrants arriving on the west coast and heading Eastward d. African American rural migration to northern cities for manufacturing jobs in defense industries e. forced migration of Native Americans to urban areas for assimilation

D

The type of commercial agriculture found in developing countries is a. mixed crop and livestock b. commercial gardening c. grain farming d. plantation farming e. dairy farming

D

The vertical integration of food production from the field to the table is known as a. farming b. niche farming c. commercial farming d. agribusiness e. agriculture

D

Through most discussions on global culture, politics, and economy refer to core periphery relations, developing areas like Asia which are no longer completely considered periphery are a. sometimes called the semi-periphery b. making a transition toward what might be a future global core region c. aligning themselves more and more strongly with the US d. both a and b

D

What is the poorest region in the US? a. southwest b. northeast c. mid atlantic d. southeast e. midwest

D

What was the main assumption of the concentric zone model of urban structure? a. industry later focuses in separated nuclei b. poor people live along highways c. all residents would be taking public transportation to work d. city structure occurs in circular zones around the CBD e. wealthy people live toward the city center

D

When flying across the US, the view consists of patches of land about one square mile in size. This is evidence of which type of land-use pattern? a. metes and bounds b. long lots c. homestead system d. township and range system e. sectional system

D

Which Chinese city is home to one of the world's largest industrial parks? a. Wuhan b. Yenchuan c. Chengdu d. Shanghai e. Beijing

D

Which best illustrates counter migration? a. Nigerians migrating to Ghana and then migrating back than Nigeria b. enslaving Africans being taken by force to Brazil and then voluntarily migrating to Argentina c. Ethiopians migrating to Turkey and then to Germany d. Italians migrating to France at the same time some French are migrating to Italy e. Chinese farmers migrating from a village to a small city and then to Beijing

D

Which event symbolically marked the end of the Cold War? a. the end of the Vietnam War, 1975 b. the election of President Ronald Reagan in 1980 c. the Soviet invasion of Hungary, 1956 d. the collapse of the Berlin wall, 1989 e. the end of WWII, 1945

D

Which is a politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and recognized by a large percentage of the international community? a. frontier b. colony c. territoriality d. state e. nation

D

Which is not one of the 3 primary expenses to be minimized in Weber's least-cost theory for industrial location decisions? a. transport costs b. agglomeration costs c. labor costs d. advertising costs e. none of the above

D

Which of the following US cities has no zoning regulations? a. Miami b. New York c. Phoenix d. Houston e. Dallas

D

Which of the following cartographic terms describes the location of a place in terms of its angular distance north or south of the equator? a. Meridian b. Longitude c. Legend d. Latitude e. Azimuth

D

Which of the following countries has a government organized in a federal structure? a. China b. Czech Republic c. United Kingdom d. India e. France

D

Which of the following countries has endured the effects of balkanization? a. Nigeria b. US c. Brazil d. Yugoslavia e. Australia

D

Which of the following devolution groups.movements does not match with country/countries? a. Slovenians, Croatians, Bosians-Yugoslavia b. Basques-Spain/France c. Catalonians-Spain d. Sicilians-Greece e. Walloons/Flemish-Belgium

D

Which of the following have been tried by 20th century states to eliminate or minimize the potential for fragmenting or breaking apart? a destruction of ethnic minorities b. decentralization of power c. increased autonomy to ethnic minorities d. decentralization of power, consolidation or centralizing of power, destruction of ethnic minorities, and increased autonomy of ethnic minorities e. consolidation or centralization of power

D

Which of the following is NOT directly indicated on a population pyramid? a. Males b. Females c. % of population d. Life expectancy e. Age cohorts in 5 year increments

D

Which of the following is a land-locked state? a. Vietnam b. Peru c. Nigeria d. Mongolia e. Germany

D

Which of the following is a modern example of one of Thomas Malthus's "Negative checks"? a. out migration b. in migration c. abstinence d. pandemics e. birth control policies

D

Which of the following is an example of a nation seeking its own territory? a. English b. Russians c. Mexicans d. Palestinians e. British

D

Which of the following is an example of an exclave in the United States? a. Colorado b. Florida c. Washington, DC d. Alaska e. California

D

Which of the following is most likely to be the point of view of a cultural relativist a. in the modern world where people come into increased contact, the importance of understanding other cultures becomes greater b. diffusion occurs through the movement of people, goods, and ideas c. acculturation is a natural process, but people must vigilantly protect their cultural identities or they will be lost d. other cultures must be judged by the standards of one's own culture e. broad cultural differences between culture complexes and regions lead to homogeneous cultural identities

D

Which of the following is not a Millennium Development goal? a. reduce mortality of children under five by 2/3 b. ensure environmental sustainability c. create a global partnership for development d. increase life expectancy by 50% e. none of these

D

Which of the following is the BEST description of global migration patterns today? a. people are moving from more developed countries to less developed countries b. people are moving from the Southern Hemisphere to the Northern Hemisphere c. people are moving from areas with colder climates to areas with warmer climates d. people are moving from less developed countries to more developed countries e. people are moving from the Eastern Hemisphere to the Western Hemisphere

D

Which of the following is the best example of a labor-intensive industry? a. manufacture of computers b. copper c. automobile assembly d. textiles e. bottling

D

Which of the following is the best reason why the Peters projection is so controversial? a. it makes all bodies of water, including oceans appear to be larger than they are b. it favors North America and Europe by making them appear larger than they really are c. it exaggerates the size of landmasses the farthest away from the equator d. it distorts the familiar shape of the continents and other large landmasses e. it does not accurately compare landmasses in terms of area

D

Which of the following is true for landlocked states? a. relations with neighboring countries are not as important as for maritime countries b. there are more landlocked states in the world than maritime states c. they are likely to be the wealthiest state in their region d. they are at a commercial and strategic disadvantage e. interior locations are more difficult to defend

D

Which of the following is true of the environmental impact of organic farming? a. Organic farms are harmful to the environment because they produce far more waste than conventional farms b. organic farms are very beneficial to the environment because they do not use tractors or other internal combustion farm equipment c. the overall effect of organic farming on the environment is negative because very few crops can be effectively produced with organic farming d. organic farming has a positive environmental impact because organic farming helps sustain diverse ecosystems due to the lack of synthetic pesticides e. the positive impact of organic farming on the environment is negligible because it is far less energy efficient than conventional farming

D

Which of the following is true regarding Wallerstein's core periphery model? a. national level analysis b. uneven global development can be lessened c. does not emphasize the role of colonialism d. Marxist/structuralist viewpoint e. liberal viewpoint

D

Which of the following phrases would best fit in the 2nd Agricultural Revolution a. the 2nd agricultural revolution allowed farmers to redesign crops to grow in nonative climates b. the 2nd agricultural revolution saw the beginning of seed agriculture c. the 2nd agricultural revolution allowed farmers to develop new crops d. the 2nd agricultural revolution brought mechanization into the farming process e. the 2nd agricultural revolution meant more profits for farmers due to less human capital being needed

D

Which of the following sets of countries currently have net in-migrations? a. Canada, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia b. China, India, and Australia c. Brazil, South Africa, and Britain d. New Zealand, the US, and Germany e. Japan, Indonesia, and Mexico

D

Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a perforated state? a. China b. Namibia c. United Kingdom d. South Africa e. Poland

D

Which region in the world has political boundaries that most poorly represent the linguistic boundaries of the region? a. Europe b. North America c. South America d. Africa e. East Asia

D

Which religions diffused in a hierarchical pattern? a. Judaism and Sikhism b. Zoroastrianism and Sikhism c. Hinduism and Christianity d. Buddhism and Islam e. Shintoism and Daoism

D

Which statement accurately describes a total fertility rate TFR of 2.1? a. the value represents the number of children born per person in a population b. the value is less accurate than crude birth rate c. the value means that the population is growing slowly because 2.1-2.0=0.1 d. at a TFR of 2.1, the population will be fairly stable e. at a TFR of 2.1, the population will be shrinking

D

Which theory argues that economic relations between the developed and developing worlds keep the latter perpetualy poor and less developed? a. sustainable development b. neoliberal counterrevolution c. modernization d. dependency

D

Which theory created in the early 20th century advocated that any political power based in the center of Eurasia could gain enough strength to dominate the world? a. Balkanization b. Wallerstein's World System Theory c. Unilateral Theory d. Mackinder's Heartland Theory e. Huntington's Clash of Civilization Thesis

D

With a few small exceptions, the countries of the European Union share all the following except a. free movement of goods, services, and people across their boundaries b. an EU court system c. a common currency d. a EU constitution e. an EU parliament

D

With respect to the NAFTA between the US, Canada, and Mexico, which of the following is NOT true a. it led to a net trade deficit for the US with Canada and Mexico b. it resulted in increased trade among member nations c. it eventually may include other Latin American Countries d. it outlines an eventual supranational governing body for North America e. it facilitated the movement of tertiary-sector industries from the US to Mexico

D

Within Ohio, Columbus is best described as: a. multinational corporation b. a perceptual region c. a periphery region d. a core area e. space

D

according to Carl Sauer, what best characterized the invention of plant domestication? a. a number of independent hearths were established b. hearths developed in areas with high biodiversity c. the process was gradual d. all of the above e. none of the above

D

in which of the following areas was wheat most probably domesticated earliest? a. Eastern China b. Southern Italy c. Northern Libya d. Southeastern turkey e. The plateau of central MExico

D

the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is a. livestock ranching b. practiced mostly in the tropics c. pastoral nomadism d. transhumance e. transnomadism

D

what is the most likely feature of geography occurring in the region shown above (picture of rice patties on a hill) a. large investment in infrastructure b. fragmented states c. dry summers and cold winters d. high population concentration e. high rates of post-secondary education

D

which is an example of a how the periphery concept can be applied below the national scale? a. chad b. downtown Houston c. California d. Alabama e. Washington, DC

D

which of the following are examples of tertiary activities? a. manufacturing and processing b. agriculture and business services c. fishing and mining d. finance and insurance

D

which of the following is not part of the practice of shifting cultivation? a. chitemene b. crop rotation c. farming d. milpa e. swidden

D

which of the following methods of farming has become more popular in response to the widespread use of pesticides in farming? a. shifting cultivation b. crop rotation c. slash and burn agriculture d. organic farming e. agricultural industrialization

D

which of the following supranational organizations has set a uniform currency for its member states? a. NAFTA b. UN c. Organization for African Unity d. EU e. Arab League

D

which of the following variables has an inverse or negative relationship with the level of economic development of a country. a. life expectancy b. percent of urban population c. literacy rate d. birth rate e. percent of labor force in tertiary sector of economy

D

A dialect is classified as which of the following? a. language groups b. cultural complex c. language family d. language branch e. cultural trait

E

A federal state is likely to possess a. large amount of mineral resources b. citizens who favor democratic elections c. a king and queen d. a leader with the power to revise the country's constitution e. multiple systems of checks and balances

E

A new fashion trend originating in NYC that diffuses to LA, Paris, and Tokyo before reaching rural areas of New York state would be an example of which of the following kinds of diffusion? a. stimulus b. relocation c. contagious d. uniform e. hierarchical

E

A topographic map shows a. the different types of crops raised in an area b. the type of climate c. the natural landscape as caused by natural and human processes d. the size of landmasses in relation to each other e. the alteration to the landscape caused by natural and human processes

E

According to "dependency theory" the development and prosperity of the world's core was based on the __________ of the periphery a. traditionalism b. development c. economic prosperity backwardness e. underdevelopment

E

According to Louis Wirth, an important characteristic that allows a large number of people to live in one place is the existence of a. social heterogeneity b. cultural attractions c. good access to water transportation d. a large land space area e. specialized jobs

E

Afghanistan is important to the world drug trade primarily because a. of the inability to grow maize b. of the desire of local farmers to fund terrorist organization c. of the proximity of the Russian market for illicit drugs d. US troops consume most of the opium grown there e. it produces about 90 percent of the world's opium

E

All of the following are concepts important in shaping Ravenstein's 11 migration laws EXCEPT a. critical distance b. intervening opportunities c. distance decay d. step migration e. demographic momentum

E

All of the following are true of the Human Development Index EXCEPT: a. the US loses points on the HDI because its educational level land literacy rates lower than countries like Norway and Canada b. the HDI measures factors such as life expectancy, literacy, education level, and standard of living c. most countries that score high on the scale are located in North America and Europe d. many low-HDI countries are located in sub-Saharan Africa e. Ecology and the environment are strongly considered in the HDI calculations

E

An excellent example of a primate city that serves as the focus of a country and its culture is a. Seattle, USA b. Tijuana, Mexico c. Marseilles, France d. Calgary, Canada e. Copenhagen, Denmark

E

At the periphery or perimeter of the modern city in the US one might find a. ethnic minority workers b. large concentrations of gated communities c. poor farmers d. skyscrapers e. wealthier people living mixed with farming

E

Boundaries drawn by European countries for newly independent countries in Africa have been problematic because they a. allowed microstates to create centrifugal forces within many countries b. created countries with too much land space to effectively govern c. are strictly enforced the UN d. did not follow physical features of the landscape e. often ignored tribal cultural boundaries

E

Cities tend to situate convention centers and sports complexes in their CBDs because a the CBD offers large amounts of horizontal space b. of their low ranges and thresholds c. they hope to lower real estate prices and tax revenues in their downtown areas d. they have a need for the kind of rapid transportation that is only available in the CBD e. they hope to stimulate more business for downtown restaurants, bars, and hotels

E

Image A is located on the left, Image B is located on the right. which of the following is true based on the above images (2 maps of Miami, with pic. B being more zoomed in) a. image A is a dot density map b. image A is a mercator projection and image b is a robinson projection c. image B is a cartogram d. absolute location can be determined from image B e. image A is smaller in scale than B

E

In which of the following countries is terracing LEAST likely to be used by farming groups to create additional space and minimize erosion steep slopes? a. Greece b. Nepal c. Peru d. The Philippines e. Niger

E

Land parcels in the American Midwest tend to be rectilinear because: a. Spanish colonists laid out settlements in a rigid geometric pattern b. Native American settlement patterns were rectangular c. English speaking settlers replicated the landscape patterns of England d. there were no mountains or rivers to use as boundaries e. the federal survey system adopted in the late 18th century imposed a geometric pattern on the landscape

E

Liberalism: a. favors a free and unregulated market and removal of barriers to goods and services b. promotes political equality through the development of laws and rights that are universally applicable c. emphasizes the protection of human rights, property rights, and intellectual freedom d. none of the above e. all of these

E

Many borders act to create cultural distance between people of the same ethnic group, a phenomenon that most often leads to: a. the political rise of that ethnic group b. the blending of that ethnic group with at least two other ethnic groups c. the militarization of that ethnic group e. the fragmentation of that ethnic group

E

Nneka had had four previous pregnancies and childbirths. But each time she had borne twins. what happened to these two? a. they were club footed b. they were connected c. they were taken for rulers d. they were still births e. they were thrown away

E

Obierika visits Okonkwo and brings him two heavy bags. What are in those two heavy bags? a. palm wine b. kola nuts c. dirt d. yams e. money

E

One main reason for the development of cities from villages was that food a. tended to be perishable so people had to stay in one place b. was disseminated over wide areas inhibiting growth c. was cooked using newer methods of boiling d. simply was not available in large amounts e. was available in surplus which increased town growth

E

People who all consider themselves part of a stateless nation share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: a. a religion that most people practice b. a history that people remember c. a widely spoken language a. a similar ethnic identity e. a formal government recognized by other countries

E

Public housing is a. a conversion of low income housing to middle class housing a. a conversion of low income housing to middle class housing b. illegally established low income housing c. buildings housing public services, such as government agencies d. housing that has changed from single family owner occupancy to abandonment e. low income government owned housing

E

Severe gender inequality is a challenge to development because a. it does not allow men and boys the freedom to attend the schools and seek the jobs that are best suited to them b. it excludes men from the informal economy, wasting a major economic asset c. it lead to smaller family sizes, and families with fewer child laborers cannot earn enough money to pay for their rent and utilities d. it is associated with higher literacy rates, higher economic vitality, and lower infant mortality rates e. it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are headed by women

E

Shifting cultivation is characterized by the practice of rotating __________ to maintain soil fertility a. ownership b. farm animals c. crops d. chemicals e. fields

E

Taking photos of the Earth from space is also called a. aerial photography b. GPSs c. GISs d. Remote photography e. satellite imagery

E

The 3 major religions with the largest number of adherents worldwide are a. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam b. Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism c. Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism d. Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam e. Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism

E

The European Union, the Arab League, and the UN are all examples of a. centrifugal organizations b. pressure groups c. federations d. nation states e. supranational organizations

E

The HDI is generated from four specific indicators a. GDI, crude birth rate, infant mortality rate, life expectancy. b. GDP per capita, adult literacy rate, life expectancy, infant mortality rate c. infant mortality rate, GDI, adult literacy rate, gross enrollment ratio d. adult literacy rate, gross enrollment ratio, GDI, GDP per capita e. GDP per capita, life expectancy, adult literacy rate, gross enrollment ratio

E

The Mormon cultural region surrounds which of the following states? a. Kansas b. Pennsylvania c. Oklahoma d. Iowa e. Utah

E

The Tuareg people of the Sahara and their animals seasonally migrate to the higher lands in the summer and the valleys in the winter. This is an example of a. live stock ranching b. dairy farming c. livestock fattening d. pastoral nomadism e. transhumance

E

The above imagine best represents (regions of Turkey separated by GDP per capita) a. preconditions to take off b. mass consumption c. deindustrialization d. post-fordist economy e. core-periphery model on a sub-national scale

E

The above region has been home to religious conflict (area between India and Pakistan) a. interreligious conflict between Islam and Buddhism b. Interreligious conflict between Hinduism and Christianity c. Intrareligious conflict between Islam and Buddhism d. Intrareligious conflict between Hinduism and Islam e. Interreligious conflict between Hinduism and Islam

E

The areas on the periphery of cities in less developed countries are sometimes known as a. suburbs, barmiadelas, fonelongas, or kuhpinongs b. young city and old city zones c. the zone in transition, suburbs, or public zone d. public housing, barmiadelas, fonelongas, or kuhpinongs e. barriadas, favelas bidonvilles, bastees, or kampongs.

E

The automobile began to fundamentally alter city structure when? a. during the Deression b. before WWI c. after the Civil War d. During the oil recession of the early 1980's e. after WWII

E

The democratic practice of gathering assemblies to discuss and vote on issues is often seen as an independent invention of the ancient a. Phoenicians b. Hebrews c. Egyptians d. Romans e. Greeks

E

The habit of evaluating other cultures' customs, beliefs, and practices according to the limited perspective of one's own culture is known as a. acculturation b. assimilation c. ethnography d. anthropocentrism e. ethnocentrism

E

The initial goal of Green revolution scientists was to develop a. nontoxic pesticides b. more efficient irrigation systems c. more effective fertilizers d. training manuals in local languages of the periphery e. higher yielding seeds

E

The key concept in neo-Fordist production systems is a. localization b. disintegration c. externality d. elasticity e. flexibility

E

The likely location of the above village is (I really can't describe this picture) a. Germany b. Algeria c. Brazil D. Spain E. Vietnam

E

The literacy rate of any country correlates most closely with which of the following? a. petroleum production b. general level of intelligence c. annual precipitation rates d. population density e. per capita income

E

The majority of the world's population that is involved in agriculture is involved in what type of agriculture? a. pastoral nomadism b. Mediterranean agriculture c. plantation agriculture d. shifting cultivation e. subsistence farming

E

The pattern of railroads shown in the image above is a. absolute b. random c. linear d. rectilinear e. centralized

E

The principles of exponential growth v. linear growth shaped the population theories of a. Carl Sauer b. George Perkins Marsh c. Ernst Ravenstein d. Immanuel Kant e. Thomas Malthus

E

The process of redrawing voting district boundaries in order to give one political party or group an electoral advantage is called a. political enclave b. popular sovereignty c. cultural landscape d. devolution e. gerrymandering

E

The reacquisition of sovereignty and territorial integrity following colonization is known as a. post colonialism b. neocolonialism c. protocolonialism d. quasicolonialism e. decolonization

E

The strongest criticism of suburbs argued that historically, a. legal devices, such as requiring several small houses to sit on a large lot of land amid several different apartments, prevented low income families from living in many suburbs b. they encouraged the buying and selling of too many automobiles c. low income people and minorities are unable to live in some areas because of the high cost of the private schools there, the unfriendliness of African American and Hispanic minorities there, and the fear that property values would not change if other minorities were allowed to buy property there d. low income people and minorities are able to live in some areas because of the low cost of the housing, the friendliness of established residents, and the myth that property values would decline if minorities were allowed to buy property there e. low income people and minorities are unable to live in some areas because of the high cost of the housing, the unfriendliness.

E

The total monetary volue of goods and services produced within a country's geographic borders is known as a. consumer price index b. gross national income c. economic indicator d. purchasing power parity e. gross domestic product

E

The township and range land survey system in the US contributed to which of the following? a. an urban agglomeration pattern b. an urban daily system pattern c. a clustered rural settlement pattern d. a rural long-lot pattern e. a dispersed rural settlement pattern

E

This type of political framework has a central government but each of the sub-national entities has representation and influence in the government process. a. compact b. communist c. unitary d. democratic e. federal

E

Through biotechnology, laboratories developed IR8 and IR36, hybrid varieties of a. beans b. corn c. wheat d. sorghum e. rice

E

Using the information provided in the image above, what type of government would be the best fit? (Map of Ukraine showing how people who speak Russian are concentrated to the East) a. dictatorship b. confederation c. unitary d. theocracy e. federal

E

Von Thunen emphasized which of the following factors in his model of agricultural land use? a. seasonal fluctuations in prices of farm products b. labor cost c. fertilizer cost d. machinery cost e. transportation cost

E

Von Thunen's model revolves around which of the following fundamental principles? a. the fertility of soil decreases as one moves away from the urban area or market b. access to transportation improves as one moves closer to the urban area c. the climate in the area dictates the type of crops grown d. in the village system, farmers are involved in subsistence agriculture with an urban area serving as a center point for culture e. the farmers in the area are all involved in commercial agriculture, selling their products to a market located at the center

E

What is a politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and recognized by a large percentage of the international community? a. frontier b. nation c. territoriality d. colony e. state

E

What revolution coincided with the world's population explosion? a. third agricultural revolution b. first agricultural revolution c. scientific revolution d. demographic revolution e. second agricultural revolution

E

What type of boundary does the Great Wall of China best illustrate? a. exclave boundary b. geometric boundary c. natural boundary d. antecedent boundary e. relic boundary

E

What was the policy by which the US government tried to make Native Americans more like White descent? a. Ethnic reformation b. commodification c. cultural appropriation d. neo-localism e. assimilation

E

Which best describes the effects on time space compression of the technology shown above? (picture of laptop) a. it decreased it by shortening the time writing took b. it increased it by making writing more efficient c. it decreased it by using less space than older machines d. it increased it by speeding up communications e. it decreased it by making communication easier

E

Which change most reduced fertility rates in less developed countries? a. discouraging the use of birth control b. building hospital and healthcare facilities c. promoting fundamentalist religious values d. implementing pronatalist policies e. providing more education for girls

E

Which of the following agreements most heavily influenced the development of the idea of the nation-state? a. The strategic arms limitation theories I and II b. the EU treaties c. the Berlin Conference d. the Geneva Accords e. the Peace of Westphalia

E

Which of the following best describes a recent global trend in the domestic politics? a. more power centered in the head of the executive branch b. fewer internal nationality problems c. movement toward 2 party systems d. revival of communist ideologies e. movement toward market economies

E

Which of the following events has the most potential to determine whether a nation will remain a nation-state? a. a sudden natural disaster b. a development of national scientific research program c. a reduction n the availability of resources d. a rejection of capitalism e. a large influx of immigrants

E

Which of the following is a benefit of industrial agriculture? a. it uses fewer fossil fuels b. it conserves water through irrigation c. it decreases the amount of chemical fertilizers running off farm fields d. it increases the number of farming jobs e. it gives consumers more access to food

E

Which of the following is responsible for time space compression a. syncretization b. regionalization c. accommodation d. modification e. globalization

E

Which of the following is true for landlocked States? a. relations with neighboring countries are not as important as for maritime countries b. they are likely to be the wealthiest state in their region c. there are more landlocked states in the world than maritime states d. interior locations are more difficult to defend e. they are at a commercial and strategic disadvantage

E

Which of the following organizations is an international military alliance? a. EU b. ASEAN c. NAFTA d. OPEC e. NATO

E

Which of the following states is an enclave? a. Italy b. Japan c. Singapore d. South Africa e. Vatican City

E

Which of the following would one expect to find in a peripheral country with a large primary sector? a. coffee shops, espresso bars and chocolate specialty stores b. both coffee factories and coffee shops c. research and development on how to make imitation coffee and chocolate flavors d. coffee roasting and chocolate making factories e. coffee and cocoa bean trees

E

Which one of the following map projections distort shapes, distances, relative size, and/or direction from one place to another on earth? I. Robinson projection II. Mercator projection III. Peters projection a. I only b. II only c. I and II only d. II and III only e. I, II, and III

E

Which type of map would have the largest scale? a. continent map b. country map c. world map d. regional map e. city map

E

Zone 5 is most likely to employ (please refer to your model of the peripheral model) a transportation employees b. manufacturing services c. university and research employees d. low wage hourly employees e. tertiary service employees

E

a set of economic and political relationships and organizes food production from the development of seed to marketing the products is known as a. nixed crop and livestock farming b. food processing c. commercial farming d. mechanized farming e. agribusiness

E

compared to popular cultures, food cultures are a. more transitory b. more diffuse c. more cosmopolitan d. more contagious e. more homogenous

E

in a dry climate with cold winters, this grain would least likely to be cultivated a. barley b. oats c. wheat d. jatropha e. rice

E

subsistence agriculture is characterized by agriculturalists who a. farm on swiddens b. practice transhumance c. reject globalization and monoculture d. live on their farms e. consume what they produce

E

subsistence agriculture is most common in which of the following regions? a. the outback of Australia b. the Ruhr Valley of germany c. Great Plains of the United states d. Pampas of Argentina e. Amazon Basin

E

the EU future expansion in to the Muslim realm by the inclusion of ______________ is highly controversial and strongly opposed by Greece. a. Algeria b. Saudi Arabia c. Iraq d. Bosnia e. Turkey

E

the steady decline in the number of dairy farms in the US can be attributed to all of the following except: a. displacement from close proximity to cities b. economies of scale c. increased yields from cows d. technological changes to milking processes e. higher health risks associated with dairy products

E

which of the following countries has a rather sharp division between Flemish speakers in the north and Walloon speakers in the south a. Switzerland b. Denmark c. Andorra d. the Netherlands e. Belgium

E

which of the following is NOT part of the rimland, as identified by Nicholas Spykman in his rimland theory? a. India b. Japan c. Europe d. China e. Russia

E

which of the following states has only one core region? a. Nigeria b. Malaysia c. India d. US e. Japan

E

which two historical events most dramatically shortened the doubling rate of world population growth? a. the Columbian Exchange and the second agricultural revolution b. the industrial revolution and the green revolution c. the columbian exchange and the green revolution d. the neolithic revolution and the second agricultural revolution e. the neolithic revolution and the industrial revolution

E