Biology S1 Final Exam
How do animal fossils form?
-Animal is buried by sediment - Buried in ocean floor, swamps, mud, or tar pits - Animal's tissue is replaced by minerals
What do homologous structures provide evidence of?
A common ancestor
EX: A number of mosquitoes are resistant to insecticides. Why do biologists think that insecticides resistance is evolved in mosquitoes
A few mosquitoes were resistant to it and survived and reproduced
Noticed similarities and differences btwn organisms as he traveled the world
Charles Darwin
Organisms with the best adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce
Differential Reproduction
What is Descent with Modification
Every species-living or dead- must have descended from preexisting species that changed over time
If species have similar DNA, RNA, or proteins, what is this evidence of?
Evolution
The theory of new organisms developing from preexisting organisms over time is called..
Evolution
The measure of an individuals heredity contribution to the next generation is
Fitness
EX: Thousands of fish eggs are fertilized but only a few survive
Overproduction
More offspring is produced than is supported
Overproduction
2nd level of a food pyramid
Primary Consumers, herbivores, 1st order heterotrophs
5 types of evidence and explain them
Fossils- Types and distribution of organisms and how they changed over time Biogeography- distribution of organisms Anatomy- Similar structures Embryology- related species show similarities in embryological development Biological Molecule- Similarities in DNA and RNA
After visiting the_________ __________, Darwin noted groups of animals varied from island to island
Galapagos Islands
Natural Selection could not occur without
Genetic Variation
Part of Natural Selection that describes within a population, individuals have different traits
Genetic Variation
Explain how Darwin developed his theory of Evolution
He took a trip to the Galapagos Islands and studied the different types of finches
According to Darwin, Evolution occurs because of...
Natural Selection
Animals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully
Natural Selection
1st Level of a food pyramid
Producers, plants, autotrophs
Explain Lamarck's idea of the Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Proposed that individuals could acquire characteristics during their lifetime
3rd level of a food pyramid
Secondary Consumers, Carnivores, 2nd order heterotrophs
List some examples of fossils
Shells, bones, any traces of dead organisms, insects trapped in tree sap
How do homologous structures show evidence of evolution
Similarities in structures shows they share a common ancestor
What was the main idea of Darwin's book, "The Origin of Species."
Species change over time by Natural Selection
The process by which a population becomes better suited for its environment
Adaptation
Any variation that can help an organism survive in its environment is called
Adaption
EX: The wings of a hummingbird and the wings of a bee are examples of what type of structure?
Analagous Structures
Vestigial Structures
Structures that have no important function
Analagous Structures
Structures that have the same function but do not come from a common ancestor
Individuals must compete for resources
Struggle to Survive
4th level of a food pyramid
Tertiary Consumers, top carnivores, 3rd order heterotrophs
What was the title of Darwin's Book
The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection
What was Darwin's explanation for the animals on the Galapagos Islands being similar to the animals on the nearby coast of South America
The animals migrated
How does looking at an organism's DNA show evolution occured
The more similar they are, the more related.
What are some examples of homologous structures?
The similarities in the forearm of a cat, bat, human, and whale
The species of finches that Darwin observed differed in the shape of their beaks. What was Darwin's explanation for this?
They had common ancestors
Two DNA sequences found in two different species are almost exactly the same. What does this suggest?
They share a common ancestor
If populations of the same species lived in different places, what will eventually happen to those species?
They will become increasingly as each population becomes adapted to its own environment
What are phylogenic trees and what do they show
links between organisms. brace map basically