Art of Public Speaking chapter 16: Speaking to Persuade

speech to gain passive agreement

a persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy

speech to gain immediate action

a persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy

question of fact

a question about the truth or falsity of an assertion. (usually organized in topical order)

question of value

a question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action (usually organized topically).

mental dialogue w the audience

mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

method for organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. 5 steps: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

problem-solution order

organization of persuasive speech in which the first main point deal with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to said problem.

comparative advantage order

persuasive speech organized by each main point that explains why a speaker's solution is preferable to other proposed solutions

problem-cause-solution order

persuasive speech organized by three main points: identify problem, analyze the causes of the problem, presents solution to problem

target audience

portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade

question of policy

question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken

plan

second basic issue in analyzing question of policy: if there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem?

Need (in analyzing questions of policy)

the first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy. is there a serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy?

burden of proof

the obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary.

persuasion

the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions

practicality

the third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: will the speaker's plan solve the problem? will it create new and more serious problems?

example of assurance in practicality

to show that a plan similar to yours has been successfully implemented elsewhere.