ASL

The American School for the deaf was founded by who?

1. Laurent Clerc 2. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet 3. Mason Fitch Cogswell

Who is Thomas Braidwood and what is his significance to deaf culture?

Braidwood founded a school for deaf students in Edinburgh in 1760.

____________The Cochlear implant pioneers.

1984.

___________ is known in Deaf history as the "Father of the Deaf" because of the twenty-one schools he established and all he has done for the deaf.

Abbe de l'epee

___________ uses his influence to implement the practice of 'oralism', banning the use of sign language in 1880 at the Milan conference - thus restricting communication for the deaf-blind.

Alexander Graham Bell

The National Association of the Deaf is established in Cincinnati, Ohio. The first president is Robert P. McGregor of Ohio, who formed the local committee for the first convention. The conference addressed these issues:

Believed in the right of the American deaf community to use sign language, to congregate on issues important to them, and to have its interests represented at the national level. The mission of the NAD is to preserve, protect, and promote the civil, human and linguistic rights of deaf and hard of hearing individuals in the United States of America. The vision of the NAD is that the language, culture, and heritage of deaf and hard of hearing Americans will be acknowledged and respected in the pursuit of life, liberty, and equality.

_________ published Simplification of the Letters of the Alphabet and Method of Teaching Deaf Mutes to Speak. He supported oralism but used finger spelling to teach speech and literacy. He used this methodology so the deaf could be integrated with hearing society. His manual alphabet system was the first recognized in Deaf history.

Bonet

The ______________ is signed by President Abraham Lincoln.

Emancipation Proclamation.

Clerk took _____________ sign language and combined it with the signs that he saw in the United States to create what is now known as ASL.

European.

How did Thomas Gallaudet become interested in working with the Deaf?

Gallaudet's future changed when he met Alice Cogswell, a young deaf mute girl. He became determined to help her and, upon the request of her father, went to Europe to learn educational methods for teaching the deaf. Dr. Mason Cogswell and others had offered Gallaudet the opportunity to open and become principal of the first deaf school in the United States.

How did Bell spark the debate for prohibition of marriage amongst the deaf? What did he say?

Graham Bell's support of oralism was tied to his belief in eugenics." Those who believe as I do, that the production of a defective race of human beings would be a great calamity to the world, will examine carefully the causes that lead to the intermarriages of the deaf with the object of applying a remedy."

___________ establishes the first oral school for the deaf in Germany.

Heinicke

Who is known as "The Apostle of the Deaf in America"?

Laurent Clerc

On ___________, there was a protest, Deaf President Now, at Gallaudet University that changed history.

March 1988.

___________ wins an Oscar for her first ever performance. She performs the role of Sarah in Children of a Lesser God. What did she do at the Oscars that upset so many Deaf people?

Marlee Matlin, She spoke at the oscars instead of using Sign.

Bell had a passion and a mission to bring Language to the deaf. He was a huge supporter of ___________. How did this hurt the Deaf and Deaf Blind?

Oralism, oralism is the education of deaf students through oral language by using lip reading, speech, and mimicking the mouth shapes and breathing patterns of speech. Deaf people are either hard of hearing or can't hear at all. Not being able to hear makes it hard for a deaf individual to speak.

In 1992, _____________________ signs the Americans with Disabilities Act into law, protecting the right of the disabled to education, employment, accessible buildings, and other reasonable accommodations.

President George H.W. Bush

The earliest records of Deaf Education occur in

Spain

What was the Milan conference? How did this conference affect the Deaf?

The Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf was (despite the name) the first international conference of deaf educators held in Milan, Italy in 1880. The conference declared that oral education (oralism) was superior to manual education and passed a resolution banning the use of sign language in school. After its passage in 1880, schools in European countries and the United States switched to using speech therapy without sign language as a method of education for the deaf.

Who is Thomas Gallaudet and how did he become involved with the Deaf Community? Describe his journey.

Thomas Gallaudet was an education pioneer and established the American School for the Deaf in 1817. Thomas Gallaudet was born on December 10, 1787 in Philadelphia, PA. He graduated from Yale and began a study of sign language and European methods of education for the deaf after meeting Alice Cogswell, a nine-year-old deaf girl. In 1817, Gallaudet established the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. This was the first institution of its type in North America. He died in 1851.

Who is Laurent Clerc? Where is he from and what is his connection to the deaf community?

When he was about a year old, Clerc fell from his high chair into the kitchen fireplace. His right cheek was severely burned, a fever developed, and later, it was discovered that his senses of hearing and smell were damaged. It was never clear if this resulted from his accident or if he was born with those disabilities. Laurent Clerc was the first deaf person to stand before congress, as well as the President of the United States. His best left impression on today is that about fifty-eight percent of American sign language, came from Laurent Clerc's teachings. There are many programs today that help people that are deaf with schooling, treatment and life's activities. The Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center, sponsored by Gallaudet University is one of theses places.

________ was familiar with the hand alphabet used by monks sworn to vows of silence.

Yebra