BA 310 Final Review

10. The best predictor of future performance is/are __________________, encapsulated on tools such as resumes. a) behavioral test scores b) reference checks c) past performance d) age e) none of the above

c) past performance

5. The _____________ dimension of diversity indicates that people are often categorized differently based on their disposition. a) permanent b) evolving c) personality d) organizational e) none of the above

c) personality

13. According to Ajzen's theory of __________________, formulating an intention to act ethically is a function of a person's attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. a) moral development b) ethical sensitivity c) planned behavior d) moral reasoning e) none of the above

c) planned behavior

21. Which of the following is not an important step to include in an ethics training session? a) expressed support from the CEO or supervisor b) presentation of competitive advantages for maintaining an ethical work culture c) presentation of a current ethical dilemma the company is facing and allowing participants to determine the solution d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) presentation of a current ethical dilemma the company is facing and allowing participants to determine the solution

3. Research consistently indicates that the attribute employees most want to see in their managers is: a) freedom b) honesty c) passion d) hard work e) none of the above

b) honesty

4. Individuals typically prioritize __________ over social needs, according to Maslow's hierarchy. a) self-actualization b) physiological c) self-esteem d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) physiological

37. The __________ technique is a useful tool for preventing team conflicts from escalating, and involves a 10-step planned reconciliation process. a) constructive conflict b) pinch theory c) solution theory d) conflict resolution e) none of the above

b) pinch theory

17. ________________ is a systematic collection, review and use of information to determine workshop effectiveness. a) Training b) Assessment c) Metric d) Vocation e) none of the above

b) Assessment

17. Workplace substance abuse is associated with which of the following? a) discrimination b) productivity and safety costs c) civil rights violations d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) productivity and safety costs

17. Which of the following are considered universal ethical principles? a) the "Golden Rule" b) justice c) equality d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

18. Government intervention in the marketplace, Smith reasoned, is needed under only which of the following conditions: a) when contracts are violated b) when merchants abuse their freedom by committing injustices against others c) when the pursuit of self-interest does not generate highly desired social welfare benefits d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

5. Individuals typically prioritize __________ over self-actualization needs, according to Maslow's hierarchy. a) physiological b) self-esteem c) safety d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

5. A good first step to formalize an organization's ethics program is to: a) develop a Code of Ethics b) develop a mission statement c) develop an employee handbook d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) develop a Code of Ethics

13. If, during a reference check, a former employer or supervisor will only verify dates of employment, an employer is encouraged to ask the following question to learn more about the candidate: a) "Would you hire this person again?" b) "Is this candidate a qualified worker?" c) "Did you give this candidate positive evaluations?" d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) "Would you hire this person again?"

29. Adam Smith emphasized that individuals are, by nature, ______________. a) egoists b) deontologists c) capitalists d) virtuous e) none of the above

a) egoists

35. The minimum wage, the lowest wage an employee can legally pay an employee, an amount higher than what the market would otherwise establish, was federally mandated by which of the following pieces of legislation? a) the Fair Labor Standards Act b) the National Labor Relations Act c) the Great Depression Act d) the Living Wage Act e) none of the above

a) the Fair Labor Standards Act

31. The 1935 passage of which law legally obligated employers to negotiate with duly elected unions and codified regulations governing the process for forming a union? a) the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) b) the Sherman Antitrust Act (SAA) c) the Taft Hartley Act (TFA) d) the National Strike Act (NSA) e) none of the above

a) the Nation Labor Relations Act (NLRA)

9. Following high-profile corporate scandals including Enron and WorldCom, Congress passed a set of legislations known as _________________, which requires the disclosure of the presence or absence of a Code of Ethics for senior financial officers. a) the Sarbanes-Oxley Act b) the Corporate Code of Conduct c) the Federal Sentencing Guidelines d) the Human Resource Management Code e) none of the above

a) the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

18. Anti-immigration sentiments are often correlated with which of the following factors? a) the number of laborers exceeding job availability b) insurmountable differences between ethnic groups c) wage increases d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) the number of laborers exceeding job availability

23. In 2009 there were more than __________ discrimination cases filed with the EEOC. a) 1,000,000 b) 100,000 c) 10,000 d) 1,000 e) none of the above

b) 100,000

37. A more holistic and authentic picture of an employee's performance can be determined based on a(n) _____________, which includes evaluating information from multiple perspectives. a) ethical performance evaluation b) 360 degree performance evaluation c) SMART performance evaluation d) ideal employee performance evaluation e) none of the above

b) 360 degree performance evaluation

6. The extent of an organization's ethics program is often related to its ____________. a) success b) size c) ownership d) integrity e) none of the above

b) size

21. Contacting someone outside the organization about potential or actual nontrivial misconduct inside the organization is referred to as __________________. a) reporting b) whistleblowing c) prosecuting d) protecting e) none of the above

b) whistleblowing

1. Diversity can be conceptualized in terms of four unique dimensions, including: permanent, evolving, ___________ and organizational. a) racial b) personality c) religious d) all of the above e) none of the above

b)personality

23. In the late 1880s, states began to compete against one another in which of the following ways? a) relaxing religious freedoms b) introducing the right to bear arms c) simplifying rules for obtaining corporate charters and eliminating tax restrictions d) monopolizing business operations e) none of the above

c) simplifying rules for obtaining corporate charters and eliminating tax restricitions

15. _______________ integrates an organization's mission with its vision and provides clear direction on how the organization will progress from its current situation to a highly desired future situation. a) Ethics coding b) Financial planning c) Strategic planning d) Ethics strategy e) none of the above

c) strategic planning

31. SMART goals are specific, measurable, aligned, reachable and _______________. a) troublesome b) tight c) time-bound d) tiring e) tried

c) time-bound

30. On average, females earn approximately _________ of male salaries. a) 99 percent b) 89 percent c) 79 percent d) 69 percent e) none of the above

d) 69 percent

20. ___________ justice is associated with the way outcomes are allocated. a) procedural b) informational c) interactional d) distributive e) none of the above

d) distributive

35. An employee _____________ evaluates factors that are directly or indirectly related to achieving organizational and employee goals. a) stretch goal b) wellness program c) compensation structure d) performance appraisal e) none of the above

d) performance appraisal

11. Power obtained because people want to be like you is called _____________ power. a) legitimate b) reward c) coercive d) referent e) expert

d) referent

8. Ethical _________________ refers to an individual's awareness that a particular situation raises ethical concerns. a) opinion b) belief c) moral d) sensitivity e) none of the above

d) sensitivity

28. Some state and municipal laws include ___________ as a protected class, though federal law does not include this provision. a) race b) ethnicity c) age d) sexual orientation e) none of the above

d) sexual orientation

42. Profit sharing has been shown to be associated with all but which of the following? a) employee cooperation b) turnover c) productivity d) wage disparity e) profits

d) wage disparity

38. Violations are harm-generating behaviors that require forgiveness, which can be applied through a four-phase model for managers including 1) uncovering phase, 2) decision phase, 3) ____________, 4) outcome phase. a) termination phase b) violation phase c) forgiveness phase d) work phase e) none of the above

d) work phase

1. Which of the following groups or individuals are considered stakeholders in business? a) employees b) competitors c) suppliers d) consumers e) all of the above

e) All of the Above

6. Which of the following observer factors are not associated with employee silence? a) low moral intensity b) lack of evidence c) lack of empowerment d) all of the above e) none of the above

e) None of the above

21. Obstacles that divert someone from not act acting on ethical intention include which of the following: a) second doubts b) weakness of will c) lack of moral courage d) old habits e) all of the above

e) all of the above

7. Which of the following characteristics is considered a permanent dimension of diversity? a) race b) ethnicity c) gender d) sexual orientation e) all of the above

e) all of the above

7. Which of the following views of human nature have implications for the way ethical issues are addressed by management? a) humans are born with prior knowledge of right and wrong b) humans are born good c) humans are born with inherited sin d) humans are "blank slates" e) all of the above f) none of the above

e) all of the above

12. Power obtained by being a source of knowledge or skills is called _____________ power. a) legitimate b) reward c) coercive d) referent e) expert

e) expert

22. Which of the following is not cited as a reason people intentionally behave unethically? a) avoiding punishment and seeking praise b) feeling pressure to do so by those in authority c) believing that the organizational culture encourages or tolerates unethical behavior d) feeling pressure to do so by overly aggressive business objectives e) feeling pressure to do so by moral imperatives

e) feeling pressure to do so by moral imperatives

28. The type of worker known as a "go-getter" is characterized by which of the following traits? a) task-oriented b) a job is a job c) meet performance expectations d) managers are ignorant e) none of the above

task-oriented

41. Plans involving ____________, like the Scanlon-type plans, delegate institutional responsibility and accountability for improving operations to employee teams. a) gainsharing b) conflict resolution c) team-building d) salary caps e) none of the above

a) gainsharing

21. In 2010, a controversial law requiring police who stop immigrants for a traffic violation or some other crime to ask for a driver's license or other proof of legal status was passed in which state? a) Arizona b) Michigan c) California d) Texas e) none of the above

a) Arizona

20. ________________, previously referred to as "ethics hotlines," have long been popular with organizations as a method of obtaining information about situations that may be unethical or illegal. a) Assist lines b) Asset lines c) Answering services d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) Assist lines

6. The ________________ in 1773 was a major colonial incident resulting from the East India Company's monopolistic business practices. a) Boston Tea Party b) Plymouth settlement c) Revolutionary war d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) Boston Tea Party

28. Legislation developed in response to the 2008-2010 financial crisis, which includes rewards for information about securities violations successfully enforced by the Securities and Exchange Commission, is called the ______________. a) Dodd-Frank Act b) Sarbanes-Oxley Act c) Civil Rights Act d) False Claims Act e) none of the above

a) Dodd-Frank Act

13. The federal organization charged with monitoring illegal workplace discrimination is called the: a) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) b) Title VII Civil Rights Act c) Department of Labor d) Fair Labor Standards Act e) none of the above

a) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

25. _____________ refer(s) to making decisions according to rules not based on personal biases. a) Fairness b) Respect for others c) Values d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) Fairness

29. Philosophers including ___________________ and Friedrich Engels disputed Adam Smith's assumptions about the moral sentiments of business people, and inspired some union organizers. a) Karl Marx b) Samuel Gompers c) Milton Friedman d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) Karl Marx

34. Education is ______________ correlated with wealth, with a slight decline occurring at the doctoral level. a) positively b) negatively c) equally d) inversely e) none of the above

a) positively

4. Which legislation protects job applicants from discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender or national origin? a) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 b) The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission c) The Worker Protection Act of 1959 d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

35. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 includes provisions for all but which of the following situations? a) a bona fide occupational qualification such as not rehiring an aging actor for a young role, or matters of safety b) job assignments for older workers c) promotions for older workers d) employees that are outside of the protected range of ages 40 to 65 e) none of the above

a) a bona fide occupational qualification such as not rehiring an aging actor for a young role, or matters of safety

23. The process of ethical reasoning can be compared with which of the following? a) any other managerial problem-solving process b) only those managerial processes that involve ethical dilemmas c) helpful lists of questions such as the Rotary's Four-Way Test and Raytheon's ACTION model d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) any other managerial problem-solving process

9. In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the postconventional level of moral reasoning is based on which of the following: a) applying abstract universal principles b) applying the laws of society c) applying group membership standards d) considering benefit to the individual e) none of the above

a) applying abstract universal principles

13. A(n) ______________ leadership style refers to demanding blind submission to someone in authority. a) authoritarian b) horizontal c) referent d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) authoritarian

14. High levels of employee performance and satisfaction, according to Daniel Pink, result from employees driven to meet basic needs including ___________ (self-direction), mastery (continually learning and creating new things), and purpose (work is a personal cause or mission). a) autonomy b) hierarchy c) authority d) responsibility e) none of the above

a) autonomy

27. The "four-fifths rule" is intended to ensure: a) avoidance of disparate impacts b) civil rights violations c) the percentage of ethical employees d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) avoidance of disparate impacts

18. According to research on ethical leadership, which of the following characteristics is/are associated with a manager's reputation for being an ethical leader? a) being a moral person and moral manager b) being a good person and a kind person c) being an authoritarian but fair manager d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) being a moral person and moral manager

11. A ____________ is typically defined as providing someone with a monetary incentive or object of value to do something contrary to his/her job description. a) bribe b) facilitating payment c) temptation d) competitive advantage e) none of the above

a) bribe

22.Workplace _________ is defined as repeated verbal abuse or abusive conduct that is threatening, humiliating and intimidating and interferes with work. a) bullying b) sexual harassment c) injustice d) badgering e) none of the above

a) bullying

2. Settlements in Roanoke, Jamestown and Plymouth were early examples of ________________. a) business ventures b) participant democracies c) uplifting indigineous populations d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) business ventures

18. Effective strategic messages must be _____________. a) cause-based b) uniquely structured c) management-driven d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) cause-based

34. Every work unit is a team or small ____________, which has implications for the way its members work together. a) community b) department c) division d) function e) none of the above

a) community

7. An effective way of presenting ethics training to employees is to frame it as a method of ___________. a) continuous improvement in the organization b) determining whether unethical behavior has occurred c) ensuring appropriate consequences for unethical behavior d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) continuous improvement in the organization

24. According to Lips-Wiersma and Morris, the four sources of meaningful work include serving others, unity with others, _____________, and expressing one's full potential. a) developing and becoming self b) working independently c) working diligently d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) developing and becoming self

42. The ___________ group refers to the diverse characteristic that is held in common by a large number of employees, while the ___________ group refers to the diversity characteristic held by a small minority of organizational members. a) dominant, subordinate b) correct, incorrect c) ethical, unethical d) diverse, minority e) none of the above

a) dominant, subordinate

27. Employee _________ refers to giving employees decision-making authority, which can be further solidified with an ownership stake in the organization. a) empowerment b) engagement c) virtue d) flow e) none of the above

a) empowerment

5. Which step is missing in the sequence of moral behavior? Ethical belief, _________________, ethical action a) ethical intent b) ethical understanding c) ethical behavior d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) ethical intent

2. Managers can and should serve as _______________ within the organization. a) ethical role models b) authoritarian leaders c) ombudspersons d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) ethical role models

37. One method that may assist in more equitable levels of executive pay that limits incentives for stock price manipulation is: a) extended payout periods for stock options b) lump-sum stock option payouts c) elimination of stock options d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) extended payout periods for stock options

24. Which two prominent ethical principles must guide decision making when making distinctions among people at the workplace? a) fairness and respect for others b) the law and personal values c) patience and consistency d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) fairness and respect for others

17. The leadership style known as delegating is typically most useful when an employee possesses which of the following characteristics? a) high competence and high commitment b) moderate to high competence and variable commitment c) low or some competence and low commitment d) low competence and high commitment e) none of the above

a) high competence and high commitment

1. The most important factor for developing and reinforcing a high-integrity work culture is: a) hiring ethical job applicants b) effective codes of conduct c) swift justice policies d) ensuring fair pay e) none of the above

a) hiring ethical job applicants

27. Dependency on slave labor ________________ during the Industrial Revolution. a) increased b) decreased c) stayed the same d) was outlawed e) was eliminated

a) increased

15. Accounting fraud by public companies is particularly troubling for what reason(s)? a) investors rely on auditors to convey truthful information b) accountants must obey their client's directives c) accountants aren't subject to regulations d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) investors rely on auditors to convey truthful information

22. Rotary International's Four-Way Test provides a simple framework for decision making that asks us to consider of the things we think, say, or do; the Four-Way Test includes which of the following questions: a) is it the Truth? b) is it ethically sensitive? c) is it morally appropriate? d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) is it the Truth?

18. Participants in ethics training can be tested at the end of a workshop to ensure: a) knowledge and techniques have been successful conveyed b) they will behave ethically in the future c) they will avoid ethical dilemmas in the future d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) knowledge and techniques have been successful conveyed

14. Proponents of "Theory X" of management subscribe to the belief that employees are inherently: a) lazy b) creative c) self-directed d) respected e) none of the above

a) lazy

8. Power that is formally assigned to an individual, such as through a title or position, is called __________ power. a) legitimate b) reward c) coercive d) referent e) expert

a) legitimate

38. The Reagan Administration of the 1980s began a process of deregulation, or __________________, which continued under the Clinton and Bush administrations. a) lifting government restrictions on market activity b) tightening government restrictions on market activity c) ensuring equitable stock options d) ensuring consumer protections e) none of the above

a) lifted government restrictions on market activity

31. Observers of ethical misconduct will often remain silent when they perceive reporting as a violation of ___________ to employees, managers, and the organization. a) loyalty b) whistleblowing c) professionalism d) silence e) none of the above

a) loyalty

16. The ethics and compliance officer's primary duty is to: a) manage the organization's internal reporting system b) report wrongdoing to the management team c) supervise whistleblowing within the organization d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) manage the organization's internal reporting system

22. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 outlawed which of the following? a) monopolies b) mercantiles c) charters d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) monopolies

7. The Boston Tea Party was a response to which of the following British policies? a) monopolistic business practices b) attempts to limit religious freedoms c) attempts to limit the rights of indigenous people d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) monopolistic business practices

9. Even when the appropriate reporting systems are in place and when individual factors such as seniority and possession of clear evidence are available, some workers still fail to speak out against unethical misconduct due to a lack of _____________. a) moral courage b) reward c) moral incentive d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) moral courage

18. Motivation to progress through the stages of moral development involves which of the following: a) moral discomfort b) moral comfort c) moral complacency d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) moral discomfort

9. Job satisfaction factors, called _____________, are related to what people do at work. a) motivation factors b) hygiene factors c) Maslow's factors d) Herzberg's factors e) none of the above

a) motivation factors

31. Social group and cultural relativism ask the individual to consider _______________ when making decisions. a) norms and standards b) universal principles c) self-interest d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) norms and standards

10. In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the preconventional level of moral reasoning is based on which of the following: a) obedience-and-punishment orientation b) applying abstract universal principles c) considering the interests of others d) considerations of pleasing others e) none of the above

a) obedience-and-punishment

5. According to Torbert's management role model typology, which of the following management types is most strongly motivated by reward and punishment? a) opportunist b) diplomat c) achiever d) strategist e) none of the above

a) opportunist

27. Codes can be used as effective __________________. a) organizational assessment tools b) strategic plans c) mission statements d) vision statements e) none of the above

a) organizational assessment tools

5. Ethics training should be introduced to employees during which of the following stages of employment? a) orientation b) six-month review c) one-year anniversary d) as soon as an ethical dilemma occurs e) none of the above

a) orientation

2. The EEOC primarily focuses on which of the following dimensions of diversity? a) permanent b) evolving c) organizational d) personality e) none of the above

a) permanent

3. The ______________ dimension of diversity refers to physical attributes or inclinations people are born with that do not naturally change over time. a) permanent b) evolving c) personality d) organizational e) none of the above

a) permanent

32. The Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) extends to all but which of the following types of employers? a) private sector firms that employ less than 50 workers b) all state employers c) all local employers d) all federal employers e) none of the above

a) private sector firms that employ less than 50 workers

17. ___________ justice is associated with fair decision-making processes. a) procedural b) informational c) interactional d) distributive e) none of the above

a) procedural

12. Fundamental notions behind Adam Smith's concept of a fair economic system include which of the following? a) reason and liberty b) freedom and religious control c) selfishness and justice d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) reason and liberty

24. Systematic rational ethical decision-making frameworks can help management: a) reveal the ethical dimensions of any decision being made b) justify unethical behaviors in the face of conflicting pressures c) explain why moral decisions are all relative d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) reveal the ethical dimensions of any decision being made

25. _________________ is a system in which some individuals are perceived as property, and thereby capable of being owned by other people and subject to the whims of their owners, with no provisions for eventual freedom. a) slavery b) indentured servitude c) low-wage workers d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) slavery

24. Because ethics demands sincere, open-minded and respectful interactions with a wide variety of people, ________________ can be helpful in determining propensity toward ethical behavior in the workplace. a) social dominance orientation surveys b) integrity surveys c) citizenship behavior surveys d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) social dominance orientation surveys

15. The ethical theory that recognizes preferences about right and wrong are based on the interests of a person's social group is called: a) social group relativism b) social norms c) social networking d) social identity e) none of the above

a) social group relativism

26. _________________ can be a major obstacle to code effectiveness, which suggests communication and integration of the codes is key. a) social pressure b) management adoption c) written policies d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) social pressure

3. James Rest's four-component model is a useful tool for exploring __________________. a) stages of moral development, b) ethical decision making c) moral versus immoral actions d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) stages of moral development

33. Managing employee and organizational ________________ is associated with better health, increased productivity and ethical employee behaviors, among other benefits. a) stress b) compensation c) goals d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) stress

26. Which of the following is not among the three most common forms of embezzlement: a) taking money from a store where one shops regularly b) employees writing fraudulent checks that they or their friends cash c) taking money from cash revenues d) processing fraudulent invoices e) none of the above

a) taking money from a store where one shops regularly

13. A collaborative effort advocating socially responsible free market capitalism developed by an international network of business leaders is known as: a) the Caux Principles for Responsible Business b) the United Nations c) the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act d) the Sarbanes-Oxley Act e) none of the above

a) the Caux Principles for Responsible Business

23. Generally, a bribe is distinguished from a business gratuity by whether: a) the object of value unduly influences buying decisions b) it is given by a salesperson or a supplier c) it is given early or late in the relationship d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) the object of value unduly influences buying decisions

11. __________ refers to taking someone's property without their permission. a) Theft b) Fraud c) Embezzlement d) all of the above e) none of the above

a) theft

36. The factor that serves as the foundation for effective team performance is: a) trust b) fair pay c) hierarchy d) diversity e) none of the above

a) trust

27. The notion that right actions strengthen moral character is consistent with ____________ ethics. a) virtue b) dentological c) utilitarian d) social group e) none of the above

a) virtue

27. Two important levers for ensuring high-quality and ethical performance are: a) work goals and employee performance appraisals b) salary caps and incentive compensation c) incentive compensation and bonuses d) Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics e) none of the above

a) work goals and employee performance appraisals

19. _______________________ are defined as the deliberate pursuit of actions intended to benefit the interests or welfare of others. a) moral imperatives b) altruistic behaviors c) societal norms d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) altruistic behaviors

11. _____________, a Scottish philosopher, provided many of the teachings that underlie capitalist systems. a) James Madison b) Adam Smith c) John Locke d) King George III e) none of the above

b) Adam Smith

30. A novelist whose writings are consistent with the egoist perspective, ____________, argues that the best thing for the common good is to become an individual of high integrity willing to pursue self-interest at all costs. a) Adam Smith b) Ayn Rand c) Thomas Jefferson d) Aristotle e) none of the above

b) Ayn Rand

32. U.S.-born _______________ unionized immigrant farm workers in California and led a 10-year nationwide boycott against grapes picked by nonunion workers. a) Che Guevera b) Cesar Chavez c) Samuel Gompers d) Taft Hartley e) none of the above

b) Cesar Chavez

6. The work of which theorist complements Maslow's hierarchy of needs, emphasizing the importance of employees experiencing a need for affiliation and achievement, and adds the element of a need for power or authority? a) Jeffrey Skilling b) David McClelland c) Abraham Maslow d) Frederick Herzberg e) none of the above

b) David McClelland

32. __________________ is a goal-setting technique in which managers and their subordinates jointly determine work unit and individual goals in alignment with organizational goals. a) SMART goals b) Management-by-objectives c) Motivation d) Stretch goals e) none of the above

b) Management-by-objectives

23. ____________ work is typically defined as spending time at work to achieve something that is personally desirable. a) Autonomous b) Meaningful c) Just d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) Meaningful

25. The most frequently used instrument for diagnosing personality disorders, is called the: a) Social Dominance Orientation survey (SDO) b) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) c) Organizational Citizenship Behavior survey (OCB) d) polygraph or lie detector test e) none of the above

b) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

11. A popular personality assessment tool used by employers is called the: a) Personality Profile (PP) b) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) c) Rational Ethical Decision Framework (REDF) d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

6. _____________ refers to the ability to act, create an effect, or wield force. a) Leadership b) Power c) Strength d) Morality e) none of the above

b) Power

26. ______________ refer(s) to treating everyone with dignity. a) Fairness b) Respect for others c) Values d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) Respect for others

23. The _______________ of 2002 was enacted directly following high-profile accounting scandals involving Enron, WorldCom, Tyco and other companies that cost investors billions during the early 2000s. a) Dodd-Frank Act b) Sarbanes-Oxley Act c) Civil Rights Act d) False Claims Act e) none of the above

b) Sarbanes-Oxley Act

33. The term "glass ceiling" refers to which of the following situations? a) advancement of workers beyond a certain level of seniority is stopped due to unsatisfactory performance b) advancement of a qualified woman or minority group member is prematurely stopped at a lower level due to gender, racial or ethnic discrimination c) advancement of workers is only allowed for those who are unable to see the invisible barriers to promotion d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) advancement of a qualified woman or minority group member is prematurely stopped at a lower level due to gender, racial or ethnic discrimination

9. Which of the following characteristics is not considered a permanent dimension of diversity? a) race b) age c) gender d) sexual orientation e) all of the above

b) age

21. Which of the following personality traits has/have been shown to be strongly associated with ethical leadership? a) patience and kindness b) agreeableness and conscientiousness c) morals and norms d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) agreeableness and conscientiousness

26. The U.S. Constitution was written without addressing the issue of slavery to: a) recognize that slaves were fundamental to the growth of the new nation b) appease southern states whose economies depended on slaves c) protect the rights of paid workers d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) appease southern states whose economies depended on slaves

40. The technique known as _________ is a particularly powerful team-based management method for aligning different types of employees and uncovering employee and organizational strengths. a) open book management b) appreciative inquiry c) strategic planning d) problem-solving e) none of the above

b) appreciative inquiry

6. Which of the following is the most effective method of including web-based training in ethics training programs? a) as the sole source of information on ethical decision-making b) as a complement to facilitator-guided face-to-face interactions and group activities c) as the tool for training long-term employees, instead of group activities and facilitator-guided interactions d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) as a complement to the facilitator-guided face-to-face interactions and group activities

14. A useful approach to developing a Code of Ethics includes: a) copying another organization's code b) asking employees to construct the code c) ensuring management develops the code d) copying legal obligations into a code e) none of the above

b) asking employees to construct the code

28. A tool known as the ____________ can provide ethical leaders with more holistic goals and measurements for evaluating organizational performance. a) employee performance appraisal b) balanced scorecard c) 360 degree evaluation d) "Great Place to Work" certification e) none of the above

b) balanced scorecard

7. A ____________ is a mental state that guides behaviors. a) opinion b) belief c) moral d) sensitivity e) none of the above

b) belief

1. ______________ were granted by the British government to allow several people to create organizations by pooling financial resources, which enabled riskier business projects to be undertaken. a) pacts b) charters c) constitutions d) doctrines e) none of the above

b) charters

32. The best way to manage adversarial employees includes ____________ supervision. a) hands-off b) close c) inconsistent d) harsh e) none of the above

b) close

2. Ethical dilemmas typically involve trade-offs based on _______________. a) right versus wrong b) competing values and interests c) moral versus immoral choices d) correct versus incorrect decisions e) none of the above

b) competing values and interests

20. Of the hundreds of possibility personality measures, ____________________ is the best predictor of ethics and job performance. a) obedience b) conscientiousness c) integrity d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) conscientiousness

11. In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the conventional level of moral reasoning is based on which of the following: a) applying abstract universal principles b) considering the interests of others c) the interests of the individual d) obedience-and-punishment orientation e) none of the above

b) considering the interests of others

28. The ethical approach that equates moral actions with those that promote an individual's self-interest is known as _____________. a) utilitarianism b) egoism c) cultural relativism d) virtue ethics e) none of the above

b) egoism

20. Ethical leadership has been shown to be associated with which of the following? a) employee disengagement b) employee commitment c) employee misconduct d) employee expenses e) none of the above

b) employee commitment

4. If well done, ethics training holds ______________ accountable for their ethical behaviors and provides an opportunity for misunderstandings to be addressed. a) employees only b) employees and employers c) customers d) low-level workers e) mid-level managers

b) employees and employers

26. Employee _________ refers to an emotional connection to the job task, work unit, or organization. a) empowerment b) engagement c) virtue d) flow e) none of the above

b) engagement

7. Which of the following purposes will Codes of Ethics and Codes of Conduct not fulfill? a) demonstrating managerial concern for ethics b) ensuring integrity of management c) convey a particular set of values and obligations d) meet legal requirements and industry trends e) positively impact employee behaviors

b) ensuring integrity of management

8. Ethics training known as _______________ can be useful in assessing the extent to which ethics permeates organizational operations, including how well the organization is living up to its codes. a) code of conduct analysis b) ethical culture assessment c) moral development analysis d) work as a calling e) none of the above

b) ethical culture assessment

13. The position in an organization charged with broad oversight of ethical performance is the: a) ombudsperson b) ethics & compliance officer c) manager d) CEO e) none of the above

b) ethics & compliance officer

4. The ______________ dimension of diversity includes characteristics that change, over time, including age, height, weight, religion, education, physical ability, marital status, income level, and geographic location. a) permanent b) evolving c) personality d) organizational e) none of the above

b) evolving

12. A _______________, which is legal, expedites performance of "routine governmental action," such as obtaining permits, processing paperwork, loading and unloading cargo, and scheduling inspections to transit goods across borders. a) bribe b) facilitating payment c) temptation d) competitive advantage e) none of the above

b) facilitating payment

8. Frederick Herzberg's work exploring employee motivation suggests that job satisfaction can be described in which of the following ways? a) linear, in that the presence of some factors results in satisfaction and their lack results in dissatisfaction b) factors contributing to satisfaction are separate and distinct from those contributing to dissatisfaction c) motivation factors and hygiene factors contribute equally to good working environments d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) factors contributing to satisfaction are separate and distinct from those contributing to dissatisfaction

12. Individuals whose beliefs are consistent with a liberal political persuasion tend to focus on which of the following value sets? a) ingroup/loyalty b) fairness/reciprocity c) authority/respect d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) fairness/reciprocity

7. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) recommends applying a ___________ rule to determine whether an apparently nondiscriminatory selection process may result in disparate impacts. a) two-thirds b) four-fifths c) half-and-half d) civil rights e) none of the above

b) four-fifths

1. Ethical behavior models provide which of the following: a) rationalizations for questionable decision making b) frameworks for decision making based on rational principles c) fail-safe solutions to moral dilemmas d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) frameworks for decision making based on rational principles

12. ___________ is the use of one's occupation for personal enrichment through the deliberate misuse or misapplication of the employing organization's resources or assets. a) Theft b) Fraud c) Embezzlement d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) fraud

22. Research indicates that the _____________ of ethics training is associated with positive impacts on employee attitudes and behaviors. a) length b) frequency c) mandatory nature d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) frequency

3. Which of the following is not a component of the Six-Step Ethics Job Screen Process? a) informing potential applicants about the organization's ethics job screen b) gather information that may include information on the applicant's age or disability c) obtain information on personality traits and other characteristics using assessment tools d) interview finalists on their experiences with ethical dilemmas e) none of the above

b) gather information that may include information on the applicant's age or disability

22. A business __________ is a present, gift, hospitality or favor for which fair market value is not paid by the recipient. a) bribe b) gratuity c) temptation d) provision e) none of the above

b) gratuity

39. Workplace _____________ is defined as "unwelcome conduct that is based on race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age, disability or generic information" from a supervisor, coworker, or nonemployee, such as a customer or supplier. a) assault b) harassment c) discrimination d) accommodation e) none of the above

b) harassment

11. An approachable manager displays which of the following characteristics? a) authoritarian leadership b) honesty and transparency c) discourages dissent d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) honesty and transparency

40. Harassment becomes unlawful when the conduct is severe or pervasive enough to create a work environment that a reasonable person would consider ___________. a) normal b) hostile c) tiresome d) unfriendly e) none of the above

b) hostile

10. Job dissatisfaction factors, called _____________, are related to a bad working environment. a) motivation factors b) hygiene factors c) Maslow's factors d) Herzberg's factors e) none of the above

b) hygiene factors

15. Cognitive dissonance occurs when an individual considers _______________________, which creates an unpleasant state of mind. a) punishment versus reward b) inconsistent or contradictory attitudes and beliefs c) the stages of moral development d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) inconsistent of contradictory attitudes and beliefs

19. ___________ justice is associated with the way information is conveyed. a) procedural b) informational c) interactional d) distributive e) none of the above

b) informational

20. Ethical ______________ is determining mentally to take some action that is believed to be morally appropriate. a) behavior b) intention c) sensitivity d) action e) none of the above

b) intention

1. External whistleblowing is the result of the failure of ______________ within an organization. a) ethical values b) internal communication systems c) privacy d) employee loyalty e) none of the above

b) internal communication systems

32. A concern with the deontological approach to ethical decision making involves acknowledging: a) universal principles are relative b) it may prove impossible, impractical or undesirable in practice c) managers must make decisions motivated only by virtue d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) it may prove impossible, impractical or undesirable in practice

15. The most essential moral value, ____________, is positively associated with employee engagement and occurs when employees perceive fairness in decisions associated with organizational policies, procedures and outcomes. a) honesty b) justice c) patience d) compassion e) none of the above

b) justice

24. First developed in the late 1880s in response to increasing corporate complexity and growth, the concept of __________________ refers to laws protecting individual shareholders from financial liability if businesses are sued or fail. a) antitrust legislation b) limited liability c) antitrust acts d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) limited liability

18. Credit checks are increasingly part of the job-screening process, in part because research indicates that key indicators of employee involvement in fraud include: a) criminal records b) living beyond his/her means and difficulty meeting financial obligations c) difficulty passing personality and behavioral tests d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) living beyond his/her means and difficulty meeting financial obligations

32. The ethics and compliance officer in an organization must differentiate between which of the following types of ethical issues? a) discrimination and harassment b) material and immaterial issues c) right and wrong d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) material and immaterial issues

29. The type of worker known as a "fence-sitter" is characterized by which of the following traits? a) can-do attitude b) meets performance expectations c) work is a nuisance d) managers are ignorant e) none of the above

b) meets performance expectations

8. Based on factors of __________________, observers are likely to remain silent about ethical misconduct if the misconduct causes minimal consequences to the recipient or the organization, occurs in a physically distant part of the organization, or if there is a lack of consensus in the organization that the misconduct is actually unethical. a) moral sensitivity b) moral intensity c) moral norms d) moral diversity e) none of the above

b) moral intesity

11. Research indicates what percentage of all resumes contain dishonesty? a) more than one in two b) more than one in five c) more than three-fourths d) one quarter e) none of the above

b) more than one in five

12. If an employer finds false information or inconsistencies on a resume or job application, he/she is encouraged to: a) notify the candidate and immediately discontinue consideration of him/her b) notify the candidate and ask for an explanation, correct and forgive minor mistakes, and closely monitor the new hire c) determine that minor mistakes are understandable given the highly competitive job market, and disregard them d) notify legal authorities e) none of the above

b) notify the candidate and ask for an explanation, correct and forgive minor mistakes, and closely monitor the new hire

24. Approximately ___________ of all organizations monitor email use by employees. a) three-fourths b) one-half c) one-fourth d) one hundred percent e) none of the above

b) one-half

16. Research indicates which of the following types of management systems is associated with higher levels of employee productivity, loyalty, and motivation, all of which contributed to higher profits? a) Theory X b) participative c) authoritarian d) hierarchical e) none of the above

b) participative

10. "Gut reactions" that characterize how many ethical decisions are made typically derive from: a) moral reasoning b) personal value systems c) ethical sensitivity d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) personal value system

26. Provisions by which citizens can sue fraudulent suppliers on behalf of the government, and receive a percentage of the financial recovery, are called __________ provisions. a) quid-pro-quo b) qui tam c) tit-for-tat d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) qui tam

35. When consideration of the various ethical approaches results in conflicting conclusions, the decision maker should: a) select one of the options randomly because all carry equal ethical certitude b) respect everyone and do what a virtuous person would do c) do nothing, because consensus has not been achieved d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) respect everyone and do what a virtuous person would do

34. The term _______________ refers to discriminating against a dominant or majority group member in favor of a historically disadvantaged or minority group member. a) gender parity b) reverse discrimination c) reverse genders d) glass ceiling e) none of the above

b) reverse discrimination

9. Power that is obtained in a way characterized by the following response is called __________ power: "I'm going to do what that person says because I want to get a bonus and get promoted!" a) legitimate b) reward c) coercive d) referent e) expert

b) reward

22. According to _____________, individuals define themselves in relation to others based on a "self-identity" or "social identity" factor and form binding relationships with people who categorize themselves similarly. a) social justice theory b) self-categorization theory c) immigration theory d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) self-categorization theory

23. The approach focusing on achieving organizational results by humbly caring for and serving the needs of superiors, colleagues and subordinates is known as ____________ leadership. a) situational b) servant c) ethical d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) servant

1. Ethical dilemmas typically arise because _______________. a) employees are inherently dishonest b) situations are ambiguous c) employers are unfair d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) situations are ambiguous

16. ________________ refers to the degree of social agreement that an act is good or bad. a) Social norms b) Social consensus c) Social pressure d) Social dilemmas e) none of the above

b) social consensus

43. Employee _________ give employees the right to purchase a specific number of company shares at a fixed price by a particular future date, typically ten years. a) profit sharings b) stock options c) pensions d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) stock options

30. A(n) ____________ goal can be vulnerable to encouraging employee temptation toward dishonesty and to behave unethically if that is the only way they can achieve the goal by the specified deadline. a) incremental b) stretch c) foundation d) reach e) none of the above

b) stretch

16. Adam Smith argued that when self-regulating moral mechanisms fail, ________________ must serve to protect the public from egregious immoral actions. a) democracy b) strong justice systems c) individual sanctions d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) strong justice systems

23. Applying the ________________ can be a useful component of ethics training and allow participants to explore specific steps of decision making. a) four-component model b) systematic rational ethical decision-making framework c) code of conduct d) code of ethics e) none of the above

b) systematic rational ethical decision-making framework

20. The period in the early 1800s marked by significant economic growth in the United States was called: a) the Revolutionary War b) the Industrial Revolution c) the Declaration of Independence d) the birth of capitalism. e) none of the above

b) the Industrial Revolution

30. The establishment of __________________ was an early victory for labor unions, resulting from strikes across the nation in 1886. a) fair wages b) the eight-hour work day c) equal pay for all workers d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) the eight-hour work day

27. The False Claims Act compels the whistleblower to consider all but which of the following? a) he/she must have actual knowledge of the fraud b) the fraud must be tax fraud; tax fraud is the only type of fraud the act addresses c) federal money must be involved d) the financial amount of the fraud must be sizable, and the entity to be sued must be able to pay back the stolen money and associated fine e) the evidence of the fraud cannot come from a publicly disclosed source such as a newspaper

b) the fraud must be tax fraud; tax fraud is the only type of fraud the act addresses

1. A necessary characteristic of effective organizations is ____________ within the culture. a) hierarchy b) trust c) whistleblowing d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) trust

13. In the most developed stages of moral reasoning, individuals rely on _______________ for determining right and wrong. a) group norms and rules b) universal ethical principles c) egoism d) none of the above e) all of the above

b) universal ethical principles

25. The approach that is consistent with the belief that right actions are beneficial to the greatest number of people is called ____________. a) deontology b) utilitarianism c) virtue d) social group relativism e) none of the above

b) utilitarianism

34. ___________ represent(s) either or lack of virtue or an excess of virtue. a) egoism b) vices c) deontology d) self-interest e) none of the above

b) vices

12. In general, ethically approachable managers embody _____________ behaviors. a) dissenting b) virtuous c) inconsistent d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) virtuous

12. Which of the following is not a dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator? a) where you get your energy b) what your racial background includes c) how you learn d) how you make decisions e) how you organize your time

b) what your racial background includes

3. According to recent research by the Ethics Resource Center, which percentage of respondents who observed ethical misconduct did not report it? a) 77% b) 57% c) 37% d) 17% e) none of the above

c) 37%

29. Prior to the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley, the number of whistleblower reports averaged 6,400 per month; following Sarbanes-Oxley, the monthly average changed to ____________ per month. a) 4,000,000 b) 400,000 c) 40,000 d) 4,000 e) 400

c) 40,000

13. _____________ is a particular type of theft and fraud whereby an employee steals money from his/her employer. a) Theft b) Fraud c) Embezzlement d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) Embezzlement

19. Which legislation, passed in 1921, placed limits on the number of immigrants admitted into the United States? a) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission b) Title VII Civil Rights Act c) Emergency Quota Act d) Fair Labor Standards Act e) none of the above

c) Emergency Quota Act

17. ______________ refers to the length of time between an act and the onset of consequences associated with the act. a) Probability of effect b) Magnitude of consequences c) Temporal immediacy d) Proximity e) none of the above

c) Temporal immediacy

3. The ________________, chartered by King James, searched for gold and gems and led trading in furs and spices in the Roanoke Islands. a) Columbus excursions b) Jamestown settlements c) Virginia Company of London d) American Charters e) none of the above

c) Virginia Company of London

9. A quick insight independent of any reasoning process of right and wrong is known as: a) ethical sensitivity b) ethical judgment c) ethical intuition d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) ethical intuition

2. Which of the following statements is correct? a) a Code of Ethics describes acceptable behaviors for specific situations that are likely to arise b) a Code of Conduct briefly describes broad ethical aspirations c) a Code of Ethics briefly describes broad ethical aspirations d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) a Code of Ethics briefly describes broad ethical aspirations

26. Deontology asserts that actions must treat _______________ with respect and dignity in all situations, and that good actions are those that everyone should do. a) the immediate stakeholders b) an individual's self-interest c) all stakeholders d) the greatest number e) none of the above

c) all stakeholders

35. Which of the following is/are not among the characteristics of members of effective teams? a) trust one another b) engage in constructive conflict c) always agree d) personally commit to goal accomplishment e) are accountable for their behaviors

c) always agree

10. The best ethics reporting system is: a) an anonymous tip line b) weekly ethics training c) an ethically approachable manager d) an ombudsperson e) none of the above

c) an ethically approachable manager

25. Representing over 25 years of study, the Gallup Organization's data suggests that the single most important factor that talented employees want most from the workplace was: a) high salary b) family balance c) an excellent manager d) nice colleagues e) none of the above

c) an excellent manager

12. In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, individuals in the early stages rely on ____________ for determining right and wrong. a) their parents' wishes b) their sense of justice c) avoiding punishment d) none of the above e) all of the above

c) avoiding punishment

11. Which of the following is not among the factors impacting job satisfaction? a) achievement b) recognition c) base wage or salary d) growth e) none of the above

c) base wage or salary

25. The five dimensions associated with being a "Great Place to Work" as defined by the research institute responsible for Fortune magazine's annual listing include: credibility, respect, fairness, pride, and ___________. a) hierarchy b) reporting c) camaraderie d) fun e) none of the above

c) camaraderie

33. _________________'s emphasis on liberty has increased national wealth more than any other economic system. a) socialism b) communism c) capitalism d) feudalism e) none of the above

c) capitalism

22. A useful measure for assessing virtue ethics in ethical leaders focuses on the _____________ emphasized by Aristotle. a) ten commandments b) Golden Rule c) cardinal virtues d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) cardinal virtues

31. Which of the following is/are not among the strategies for managing "go-getter" employees? a) empowerment b) assigning independent work or work with other go-getters c) close supervision d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) close supervision

10. Power obtained by enforcing punishments is called _____________ power. a) legitimate b) reward c) coercive d) referent e) expert

c) coercive

3. An organization's Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct can minimize ethical ambiguities because they: a) provide the rules for morality b) communicate the broad ethical aspirations of the organization c) communicate clear ethical guidelines for making decisions d) provide the consequences of unethical behavior e) none of the above

c) communicate clear ethical guidelines for making decisions

33. Empowerment techniques include all but which of the following, along with providing employees the authority to make decisions? a) delegating specific tasks b) providing access to relevant information c) consistently close supervision d) allocating appropriate resources and funds e) none of the above

c) consistently close supervision

44. Producer, consumer, and employee _________ are an alternative communal way to govern a business and raise capital, and involve pooling capital and resources for mutual benefit. a) profit sharings b) ESOPs c) cooperatives d) pensions e) none of the above

c) cooperatives

2. The first step in hiring ethical employees is: a) determining their work history b) ensuring they meet all qualifications c) designing a job notification that attracts ethical job candidates d) reviewing resumes e) none of the above

c) designing a job notification that attracts ethical job candidates

16. Scholars distinguish among four forms of organizational justice: procedural, informational, interactional and ___________ justice. a) fair b) engaged c) distributive d) autonomous e) none of the above

c) distributive

2. An employee who observes ethical misconduct at work but does not discuss the matter with the person engaged in the misconduct or with someone else in the organization with authority is engaging in _____________. a) whistleblowing b) internal communications c) employee silence d) loyalty e) none of the above

c) employee silence

17. The doctrine of ___________________ allowed employers and employees to end an employment relationship for any reason, as long as it did not violate contractual agreements or federal, state and municipal laws. a) right to work b) fair wages c) employment-at-will d) fair labor standards e) none of the above

c) employment-at-will

1. Employee ____________ is an emotional bond or attachment an employee has to the work task, organization and its members. a) morality b) motivation c) engagement d) empowerment e) none of the above

c) engagement

36. It is important for managers to utilize a strategic decision-making framework in order to: a) ensure all employees agree with the manager's decisions b) ensure all employees are persuaded to change their minds c) ensure all employees understand the manager's ethical reasoning d) ensure disagreements are handled without encouraging discussion e) none of the above

c) ensure all employees understand the manager's ethical reasoning

29. The __________ of 1964 prohibits pay discrimination based solely on gender considerations. a) Civil Rights Act b) Gender Disparity Act c) Equal Pay Act d) Fair Wages Act e) none of the above

c) equal pay act

19. The term _____________ refers to "the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision making." a) moral person b) moral manager c) ethical leadership d) horizontal leadership e) none of the above

c) ethical leadership

40. A B Corporation is distinct from the typical C Corporation designation because the B Corporation certification focuses on: a) maximizing shareholder wealth b) limiting worker compensation c) ethics, sustainability and social responsibility d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) ethics, sustainability and social responsibility

39. Open book management is a technique whereby managers share __________________: a) pay levels for all employees to ensure transparency b) conflict resolution to ensure effective teamwork c) financial and operational information to allow employees to make better informed decisions d) their office space to ensure they are approachable e) none of the above

c) financial and operational information to allow employees to make better informed decisions

14. According to its definition, capitalism as an economic system is characterized by which of the following? a) mercantilist policies b) democratic policies c) freedom and competition d) religious freedom e) selfishness at all costs

c) freedom and competition

6. _______________ job discrimination occurs when members of protected classes are excluded from the job candidate pool. a) back end b) mission-related c) front end d) subtle e) none of the above

c) front end

10. The fundamental belief on which the Declaration of Independence was founded, grounded in philosophical notions of basic human rights, was ________________. a) the right to bear arms b) the right to own property c) government should be based on the consent of the governed d) government should pursue happiness e) none of the above

c) government should be based on the consent of the goverened

28. Under which of the following scenarios might an organization implement an affirmative action plan? a) if its gender ratio is exactly equal b) if its racial bias is intentional c) if its gender or racial profile does not reflect the gender or racial profile of people living in the same region, qualified to perform the job task d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) if its gender or racial profile does not reflect the gender or racial profile of people living in the same region, qualified to perform the job task

4. _____________________ were laborers who served their masters for several years in exchange for transportation, food, clothing, lodging, and eventual freedom. a) slaves b) settlers c) indentured servants d) Pilgrims e) none of the above

c) indentured servants

9. Because employees may be cynical about the extent to which wrongdoers actually face prescribed consequences for their behavior, a useful tool in ethics training includes which of the following? a) a list of prescribed behaviors and associated consequences b) a strict Code of Conduct that outlines punishments for unethical behaviors c) information on previous unethical behavior at the organization, and the associated consequences that occurred d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) information on previous unethical behavior at the organization, and the associated consequence that occurred

18. ___________ justice is associated with fair treatment of employees. a) procedural b) informational c) interactional d) distributive e) none of the above

c) interactional

14. Issues of ethnic and religious diversity arose at which of the following periods in American history? a) the Industrial Revolution, with the influx of immigrants b) the Civil Rights Era, post-slavery c) its inception, when Columbus arrived amid indigenous people d) the California "Gold Rush" e) none of the above

c) its inception, when Columbus arrived amid indigenous people

28. A(n) _________________ is an association of employees that advances its members interests, including wages, benefits, work rules and other conditions of employment, through collective bargaining with an employer. a) oligopoly b) strike c) labor union d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) labor union

8. Codes of Ethics articulate and reinforce a _____________, rather than just one person's opinion, and legitimize dialogue about ethical issues when challenging situations arise. a) religious perspective b) personal value c) moral consensus d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) moral consensus

4. The type of ethical role model a manager chooses to be will reflect his/her level of: a) skill b) leadership c) moral development d) authority e) none of the above

c) moral development

16. ________________________ are principles compelling people to action, found in all cultures and major world religions. a) moral reasonings b) cognitive dissonances c) moral imperatives d) individual opinions e) individual rules

c) moral imperatives

14. ________, which is likely to determine the magnitude of a person's moral approval or disapproval, is dependent on issue-related factors, rather than individual or organizational factors. a) moral sensitivity b) moral intention c) moral intensity d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) moral intensity

23. Which of the following is not one of Kidder's ethical dilemmas based on competing values? a) short term versus long term b) truth versus loyalty c) morality versus ambiguity d) individual versus community e) justice versus mercy

c) morality versus ambiguity

27. When hiring, it is ethical and legal to discriminate based on all but which of the following characteristics? a) previous job experience b) potential productivity c) national origin c) educational level e) none of the above

c) national origin

17. The position serving as a deterrent against managerial abuse of power and other unethical activities, a concept which originated in government, is known as a(n) ____________. a) ethics and compliance officer b) whistleblower c) ombudsperson d) manager e) none of the above

c) ombudsperson

22. _____________________ refers to work-related helping behaviors that go beyond normal job requirements, such as aiding others with job-related problems. a) conscientiousness b) civil rights behavior c) organizational citizenship behavior d) integrity e) none of the above

c) organizational citizenship behavior

38. The team ___________ process described in the chapter helps access each member's unique knowledge and helps generate solutions with the highest likelihood of achieving superior performance. a) pinch theory b) constructive conflict c) problem-solving d) strategic planning e) none of the above

c) problem-solving

18. Which of the following principles is not consistent with the legal obligations of an organization's ombudsperson? a) independence b) neutrality and impartiality c) prosecution of wrongdoing d) confidentiality e) informality

c) prosecution of wrongdoing

18. Harmful acts concentrated in a particular area and characterized by ______________, or nearness of an act to its victims and beneficiaries, have high moral intensity. a) temporal immediacy b) concentration of effect c) proximity d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) proximity

16. It is helpful to provide job finalists with ________________, an honest description of daily work activities that highlights both exciting and tedious aspects of the job, to avoid "entry shock" for new employees. a) lie detector tests b) working interviews c) realistic job previews d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) realistic job preview

7. Social psychologists French and Raven have differentiated among five types of power bases individuals can have based on which aspect? a) status in the organization b) level of seniority c) relationship to others in the organization d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) relationship to others in the organization

15. Proponents of "Theory Y" of management subscribe to the belief that employees are inherently: a) lazy b) bored c) self-directed d) tired e) none of the above

c) self-directed

21. The Industrial Revolution was characterized by which of the following? a) religious freedom b) development of ammunitions c) technological innovation d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) technological innovation

12. Which of the following is not among the factors impacting job dissatisfaction? a) quality of supervision b) relationship with boss c) the work itself d) relationship with peers e) none of the above

c) the work itself

29. The ______________ approach advocates a holistic goal approach that takes into account an organizational's environmental, social and financial performance. a) 360 degree evaluation b) performance appraisal c) triple bottom line d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) triple bottom line

33. While utilitarianism is "ends-based" and deontology is "rules-based," _____________, considered to be a higher stage of moral reasoning, is based on achieving excellence in morals by practicing morally valued character traits. a) relativism b) egoism c) virtue d) fundamentalism e) none of the above

c) virtue

17. An organization's ___________ describes what an organization aspires to become in the future. a) Code of Conduct b) Code of Ethics c) vision statement d) strategic plan e) mission statement

c) vision statement

16. Every job can be framed in terms of a "calling" or _________, which provides meaning to the work experience. a) chore b) profession c) vocation d) situation e) none of the above

c) vocation

36. The factors that help determine the reasonableness of an accommodation for a worker with a disability includes all but which of the following? a) the nature and cost of the accommodation b) the overall size and financial resources of the facility or business c) whether the disability involves a wheelchair d) all of the above e) none of the above

c) whether the disability involves a wheelchair

22. Legislation that includes protections for whistleblowers includes all but which of the following? a) the False Claims Act ? b) the Sarbanes-Oxley Act c) the Dodd-Frank Act d) the Civil Rights Act e) none of the above

e) none of the above

9. Experts estimate that _______________ of the 47 million Latinos living in the United States are undocumented. a) 90 percent b) 75 percent c) 50 percent d) 25 percent e) none of the above

d) 25 percent

20. Illegal or undocumented workers account for approximately what percentage of the U.S. labor force? a) 40% b) 25% c) 10% d) 5% e) none of the above

d) 5%

25. ______________ is/are defined as the gap between an organization's formal ethical proclamations and its actual behavior. a) Enron's case b) Strategic ethics c) Ethical standards d) Ethical hypocrisy e) none of the above

d) Ethical hypocrisy

20. Which of the following is not a typical reason why good people occasionally behave unethically? a) a good person chose one set of values over a competing set of values b) a good person may justify the unethical behavior based on a reason considered more compelling c) a good person may not have intended to generate the resultant unethical outcome d) a good person may think he/she can get away with unethical behavior e) a good person may choose not to prevent an unethical behavior for compelling reasons such as fear of retaliation.

d) a good person may think he/she can get away with unethical behavior

31. Which of the following explanations cannot be offered to account for wage differences between men and women? a) career pattern choices b) seniority factor c) job demand choices d) ability differences e) none of the above

d) ability differences

1. Which of the following aspects of daily organizational life significantly impact(s) an employee's ethical performance? a) the behaviors of organizational leaders b) work goals c) employee performance appraisals d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

10. A general consensus on the "Big Five Personality Model" recognizes which of the following different aspects of personality? a) extraversion b) agreeableness c) conscientiousness d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

10. Useful "case studies" or scenario vignettes that can provide the basis for analysis through ethics training can be derived from which of the following resources? a) business ethics literature b) internet websites c) previous dilemmas at the organization d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

11. Individuals whose beliefs are consistent with a conservative political persuasion tend to focus on which of the following value sets? a) ingroup/loyalty b) authority/respect c) purity/sanctity d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

13. Adam Smith argued that "wealth of nations" resulted from which of the following? a) freedom and competition b) economic self-interest c) capitalist economic systems d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

14. Fraud typically occurs in which types of organizations? a) small businesses b) large corporations c) nonprofits and churches d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

14. Which of the following sources of information are fair and available to employers when making hiring decisions, if job-related? a) criminal records b) motor vehicle reports c) credit checks d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

15. According to theorist Tom Jones, an issue's moral intensity is likely to vary based on which of the following factors? a) magnitude of consequences b) social consensus c) probability of effect d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

15. Which of the following attributes should characterize an ethics and compliance officer? a) insider status and well-networked b) high position that exemplifies authority c) operational experience d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

17. Prior to capitalism, key management positions were often filled based on which of the following? a) family connections b) political connections c) wealth d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

19. Among the organizational characteristics associated with ethical behaviors are which of the following? a) codes of ethics b) ethical climate/culture c) organization size d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

19. An organization's cause-based mission and vision are associated with: a) increased customer satisfaction b) increased revenue c) highly motivated employees d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

19. Ethics training is typically most useful in which of the following types of organizations? a) publicly traded companies b) city governments and public organizations c) nonprofits and other NGOs d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

19. Integrity tests are useful tools which can provide which of the following? a) direct admission of performing an illegal or questionable activity b) opinions regarding illegal or questionable behavior c) personality traits related to dishonesty d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

19. Smith cautioned that owners who do not rely on moral sentiments when dealing with laborers could result in which of the following problems: a) an overabundance of labor, which could drive wages below subsistence levels b) excessive application of piece-rate incentives, which could increase productivity in the short term but damage the worker's health in the long run c) excessive application of division of labor, which could increase productivity in the short term but damage the worker's intellectual abilities in the long term d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

20. Creating a Code of Conduct involves input from which of the following groups? a) top-level management b) corporate lawyers c) human resource personnel d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

20. Ethical organizations, which have high levels of trust, consistently _______________. a) attract and sustain high-quality employees b) face lower levels of organizational risk c) experience higher levels of communication with stakeholders d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

21. Which of the following behaviors is/are associated with employee perceptions of organizational injustice? a) deviant and retaliatory behaviors from employees b) de-motivation c) disengagement d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

21. Which of the following can influence Codes of Conduct? a) shifting legal obligations b) changing moral expectations c) new technologies d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

21. Which of the following can lead to unintended unethical behavior? a) misaligned management systems b) situational ambiguity c) insufficient knowledge d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

21.Conscientiousness is associated with which of the following character traits: a) trustworthiness b) integrity c) ethical behavior d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

24. Discussions of work as a calling can assist employees: a) frame their daily tasks as something that has positive impacts on the lives of others b) remind them of their original purpose for choosing a particular job or career path c) participate in a meaningful workshop during ethics training d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

25. Personality measures can be helpful tools at which stage of the employment process? a) hiring b) orientation c) ethics training d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

25. Research indicates which of the following outcomes may be associated with blowing the whistle? a) negative performance evaluations b) demotions c) physical, psychological and family problems d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

26. Organizations that meet the "Great Place to Work" standards witness which of the following benefits? a) more qualified job applicants b) lower level of turnover and health care costs c) higher levels of customer satisfaction d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

26. Unlawful discrimination can occur in which of the following situations? a) the front end, by excluding candidates from the hiring pool b) the back end, by intentional or unintentional choices at the hiring stage c) during employment, in retention and promotion processes d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

3. A high degree of trust in an organization is associated with which of the following: a) economic benefits through enhanced performance b) eliminating psychological barriers separating employers and employees c) attracting and sustaining high-quality stakeholders d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

34. A useful tool for reducing workplace stress is _______________. a) meditation b) wellness programs c) delegation training d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

4. A Code of Conduct is characterized by which of the following? a) often developed by an employee with legal expertise b) provides substance to the Code of Ethics c) describes specific situations and behaviors d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

4. Employee theft can include which of the following: a) stealing money b) stealing time c) stealing products d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

4. The four-component model indicates that individuals are likely to behave morally if which of the following conditions are present? a) awareness of an ethical dilemma and formation of a moral judgment b) development of motivation to address the moral dilemma c) the individual is a person of high moral character d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

41. Sexual harassment includes which of the following unwelcomed behaviors: a) sexual comments b) sexual jokes c) sexual pictures d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

41. Which of the following best practices are consistent with the Optimal Ethics Systems Model: a) hiring ethical people b) codes of ethics and codes of conduct c) environmental management d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

43. Diversity training is susceptible to which of the following problems, which can be addressed through careful design of the training? a) over-emphasizing the negative characteristics of the dominant group b) over-emphasizing employee differences to the exclusion of common ground c) a trainer who lacks credibility with either the dominant or subordinate group d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

5. Among the reasons Pilgrims settled in Massachusetts were desires for: a) religious freedoms b) economic opportunities c) new trade routes d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

5. Monitoring costs can be incurred by organizations for which of the following reasons: a) employee surveillance b) increased supervision costs c) new rules and regulations d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

5. Three major exemptions to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act include: a) small businesses (under 15 employees) are exempted so as not to overwhelm them with regulatory compliance burdens b) organizations that serve religious purposes c) preference for certain occupational qualifications that are related to the essence or central mission of the business d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

5. Which of the following organizational factors are associated with employee silence? a) work culture discourages dissent b) loyalty to the organizational members is not aligned with ethics c) no established reporting system exists d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

6. Individual characteristics that are associated with ethical beliefs, sensitivities, intentions and behaviors include which of the following? a) more education b) more work experience c) religion d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

8. Over time, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 has been supplemented with legislation prohibiting discrimination based on which of the following characteristics? a) age b) pregnancy c) disability d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

14. The three levels of Kohlberg's stages of moral development are distinguished by ___________. a) an individual's needs and wants b) an individual's relationship with him/herself c) an individual's universal principles d) an individual's relationship with society e) none of the above

d) an individual's relationship with society

14. Which of the following duties is not consistent with those of the ethics and compliance officer? a) managing internal reporting systems b) offering guidance c) developing and interpreting ethics policies d) assigning all ethical issues equal standing e) none of the above

d) assigning all ethical issues equal standing

8. Which of the following is not considered one of Kohlberg's six stages of moral development? a) social-contract orientation b) universal ethical principles orientation c) obedience-and-punishment orientation d) blank slate orientation e) none of the above

d) blank slate orientation

30. Which of the following were not among reported ethical misconducts undertaken to benefit the individual, according to a 2009 Ethics Resource Center survey? a) improper hiring practices b) discrimination c) internet abuse d) bribes e) sexual harassment

d) bribes

37. The philosopher Emmanuel Kant presents the __________________ , which is a rule that applies to all situations. a) relativist ethic b) virtue ethic c) Golden Rule d) categorical imperative e) none of the above

d) categorical imperative

19. Members of a religious clergy trained in providing spiritual advice, sometimes contracted by businesses in consulting functions, are known as ___________. a) priests b) ombudspersons c) ethics officers d) chaplains e) none of the above

d) chaplains

44. Tools that may assist with diversity training include all but which of the following? a) the "Who Are You?" exercise b) activities around dominant and subordinate group awareness c) the Implicit Attitude Test (IAT) d) confrontations between the dominant and subordinate group e) none of the above

d) confrontations between the dominant and subordinate group

8. Which of the following characteristics is considered an evolving dimension of diversity? a) race b) ethnicity c) gender d) education e) all of the above

d) education

39. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines, issued in 1991, were an attempt by the government to: a) mandate policies and procedures that reinforce ethical behavior b) require widespread consumer protections c) require widespread worker protections d) encourage managers to implement policies and procedures that reinforce ethical behavior e) none of the above

d) encourage managers to implement policies and procedures that reinforce ethical behavior

13. Many managers falsely continue to assume that the best way to motivate employees is through _____________ and the threat of disciplinary action. a) job enrichment b) recognition c) achievement d) financial rewards e) none of the above

d) financial rewards

9. Which of the following rights were not included in the Bill of Rights? a) right to bear arms b) freedom of the press c) freedom from unreasonable search and seizure d) freedom to rule the colonies e) freedom of religion

d) freedom to rule the colonies

2. Which of the following items is not a cost associated with unethical behaviors? a) legal costs b) employee theft c) reputation costs d) investor confidence e) monitoring costs

d) investor confidence

23. Which of the following is not a factor of organizational citizenship behavior? a) helping behavior b) organizational loyalty c) organizational compliance d) legal behavior e) civic virtue

d) legal behavior

15. Which of the following characteristics cannot be measured by personality tests? a) tendencies toward conscientiousness b) tendencies toward citizenship behavior c) tendencies toward social dominance orientation d) mental disabilities e) none of the above

d) mental disabilities

3. Developmental psychologist Abraham Maslow differentiated five categories of _______ that every individual has. a) management styles b) morals c) virtues d) needs e) hierarchies

d) needs

6. Employees can be categorized according to their status within the place of employment, including hierarchical status, work content, department, and seniority. a) permanent b) evolving c) personality d) organizational e) none of the above

d) organizational

2. _______________________ refers to having a positive attitude that another member of the organization will be fair and not take advantage of one's vulnerability or dependency in a risky situation. a) whistleblowing b) organizational communication c) ethics d) organizational trust e) none of the above

d) organizational trust

15. Which of the following were not among the benefits early capitalists associated with a free and competitive market economy? a) more goods and services b) lower prices c) better-quality products d) greater labor flexibility e) higher tax revenues

e) higher tax revenues

16. An organization's ___________ describes what an organization does and for whom. a) Code of Conduct b) Code of Ethics c) vision statement d) strategic plan e) mission statement

e) mission statement

7. Which of the following is not an anticipated negative outcome associated with employee silence? a) being labeled or viewed negatively b) damaging a relationship c) retaliation or punishment d) no corrective action will be taken e) no established reporting system

e) no established reporting system

10. Which of the following are not among the six values continually expressed in corporate Codes of Ethics? a) caring b) respect c) fairness d) all of the above e) none of the above

e) none of the above

16. Which of the following groups was not subject to prejudice upon arriving to the United States? a) Africans b) Irish c) Asian d) religious minorities e) none of the above

e) none of the above

2. Among the most important features employees want in a job are all but which of the following? a) job security b) benefits c) compensation d) opportunities to use skills e) none of the above

e) none of the above

24. Which of the following is not a provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)? a) protection for whistleblowers b) creation of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board c) establishment of an anonymous reporting mechanism for employees to report fraud d) auditors cannot engage in consulting work for companies they are auditing without approval from the client's audit committee e) none of the above

e) none of the above

24.Which of the following characteristics is not associated with those representing a servant leader? a) altruistic calling b) emotional healing c) wisdom d) organizational stewardship e) none of the above

e) none of the above

27. Which of the following is not among the issues an ethical culture assessment can explore? a) performance based on the Code of Ethics b) the behavior of managers c) the organizational culture according to the employees d) all of the above e) none of the above

e) none of the above

3. Which of the following operational areas are not confronted with ethical issues? a) upper management b) secretaries/administrative assistants c) mid-level management d) boards of directors e) none of the above

e) none of the above

30. The type of worker known as an "adversarial" is characterized by which of the following traits? a) task oriented b) enjoy working c) a job is a job d) meet performance expectations e) none of the above

e) none of the above

36. In 2009, the federal government tried to determine "fair compensation" for top executives that accepted federal bailout funds by: a) limiting the total amount of compensation b) regulating stock options c) mandating lump sum payments d) requiring cash bonuses e) none of the above

e) none of the above

36. Tools that can assist with enhancing ethical behavior in the workplace can include all but which of the following? a) performance appraisals b) surveying actual behaviors c) surveying performance according to the organization's codes d) exploring ideal employee attitudes and behaviors e) none of the above

e) none of the above

4. Employee silence about observed ethical conduct can be attributed to all but which of the following? a) organizational factors such as work culture b) observer factors such as lack of evidence c) anticipated negative outcomes such as being viewed negatively d) organizational factors such as the lack of an established reporting system e) none of the above

e) none of the above

6. Which of the following is not a competitive advantage associated with ethical organizations? a) employee motivation and productivity b) employee recruitment c) reputational equity d) all of the above e) none of the above

e) none of the above

8. Which of the following early leaders was not among the authors of the Declaration of Independence? a) Thomas Jefferson b) James Madison c) Benjamin Franklin d) all of the above e) none of the above

e) none of the above