Behavioral Neuroscience ch 10
When food distends the duodenum, the duodenum releases which hormone? a. Cholecystokinin b. Aldosterone c. Prolactin d. Angiotensin II
A cholecystokinin
Which hormone controls the rate at which glucose leaves the blood and enters the cells? a. Insulin b. Aldosterone c. CCK d. Glucagon
A insulin
When bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other intruders invade the body, it mobilizes ________ to attack them. a. leukocytes b. cholecystokinin c. leptin d. cytokines
A leukocytes
The term ________ refers to temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep body variables within a fixed range. a. thermostasis b. positive feedback c. negative feedback d. homeothermic
D homeothermic
Increasing tryptophan helps the brain produce ________, which induces sleepiness. a. lactose b. phenylalanine c. glucose d. melatonin
D melatonin
For most obese individuals, giving them leptin would: a. increase sensitivity to leptin. b. decrease appetite. c. increase appetite. d. produce little effect.
D produce little effect
Orexin inhibits appetite. a. True b. False
False
Renin is released from the posterior pituitary. a. True b. False
False
The arcuate nucleus receives only hunger signals. a. True b. False
False
The paraventricular nucleus normally inhibits meal size. a. True b. False
True
The physiological changes that defend body temperature depend on areas in and near the hypothalamus. a. True b. False
True
A cycle of food-deprivation following by overeating characterizes: a. obesity. b. bulimia. c. anorexia. d. bipolar disorder.
B bulimia
Humans expend most of their energy on what activity? a. maintaining basal metabolism b. in the beating of their hearts and blood circulation c. walking, running, and other forms of locomotion d. propagating action potentials in the billions of neurons in the nervous system
A maintaining basal metabolism
What happens when insulin levels are high upon completing a meal? a. The individual feels hungry again soon after the meal. b. Glucose entry into the cells decreases. c. Fat supplies are converted to glucose which enters the blood. d. Blood glucose levels increase.
A the individual feels hungry again soon after the meal
Obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome is linked to a problem with: a. leptin. b. ghrelin. c. melanocortin. d. NPY.
B ghrelin
When neuropeptide Y inhibits the paraventricular nucleus, it: a. interferes with digestion. b. produces extreme overeating. c. leads to extreme undereating. d. depletes fat stores.
B produces extreme overeating
Cells in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus monitor which temperatures? a. differences between internal organs and the skin b. their own and the skin c. internal organs d. differences between the arteries and veins
B their own and the skin
Animals with damage in or near the ventromedial hypothalamus gain weight: a. only if they eat a small number of very large meals per day. b. in spite of high activity levels. c. even if they eat the same amount as a normal animal.
C even if they eat the same amount as a normal animal
The POA/AH monitors body temperature partly by monitoring: a. the temperature of the thalamus. b. brain temperature. c. its own temperature. d. heart temperature.
C its own temperature
What is the first point in the digestive system where enzymes begin to break down food? a. small intestine b. esophagus c. mouth d. stomach
C mouth
An increase in the size of meals is most likely to occur following damage to which area of the hypothalamus? a. ventromedial b. lateral c. paraventricular d. preoptic
C paraventricular
The vagus nerve is to ________ as the splanchnic nerves are to ________. a. oral factors (such as chewing and taste); stomach fullness b. the taste of food; the texture of food c. stomach fullness; nutrient contents of the stomach d. nutrient contents of the stomach; water contents of the stomach
C stomach fullness; nutrient contents of the stomach
If the duodenum is partly distended and the stomach is not full, rats will: a. drink more. b. eat larger meals. c. continue to eat. d. stop eating.
D stop eating
What is caused by a high concentration of solutes outside the cells? a. excretion of diluted urine b. water flows into the cells c. increase in blood pressure d. water flows out of the cells
D water flows out of the cells
Chronically high insulin levels decrease appetite. a. True b. False
False
Homeostasis refers to temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep body variables within a fixed range. a. True b. False
True
Newborn animals survive at first on mother's milk. a. True b. False
True
The solutes inside and outside a cell produce an osmotic pressure. a. True b. False
True