Behavioral Neuroscience ch 10

When food distends the duodenum, the duodenum releases which hormone? a. Cholecystokinin b. Aldosterone c. Prolactin d. Angiotensin II

A cholecystokinin

Which hormone controls the rate at which glucose leaves the blood and enters the cells? a. Insulin b. Aldosterone c. CCK d. Glucagon

A insulin

When bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other intruders invade the body, it mobilizes ________ to attack them. a. leukocytes b. cholecystokinin c. leptin d. cytokines

A leukocytes

The term ________ refers to temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep body variables within a fixed range. a. thermostasis b. positive feedback c. negative feedback d. homeothermic

D homeothermic

Increasing tryptophan helps the brain produce ________, which induces sleepiness. a. lactose b. phenylalanine c. glucose d. melatonin

D melatonin

For most obese individuals, giving them leptin would: a. increase sensitivity to leptin. b. decrease appetite. c. increase appetite. d. produce little effect.

D produce little effect

Orexin inhibits appetite. a. True b. False

False

Renin is released from the posterior pituitary. a. True b. False

False

The arcuate nucleus receives only hunger signals. a. True b. False

False

The paraventricular nucleus normally inhibits meal size. a. True b. False

True

The physiological changes that defend body temperature depend on areas in and near the hypothalamus. a. True b. False

True

A cycle of food-deprivation following by overeating characterizes: a. obesity. b. bulimia. c. anorexia. d. bipolar disorder.

B bulimia

Humans expend most of their energy on what activity? a. maintaining basal metabolism b. in the beating of their hearts and blood circulation c. walking, running, and other forms of locomotion d. propagating action potentials in the billions of neurons in the nervous system

A maintaining basal metabolism

What happens when insulin levels are high upon completing a meal? a. The individual feels hungry again soon after the meal. b. Glucose entry into the cells decreases. c. Fat supplies are converted to glucose which enters the blood. d. Blood glucose levels increase.

A the individual feels hungry again soon after the meal

Obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome is linked to a problem with: a. leptin. b. ghrelin. c. melanocortin. d. NPY.

B ghrelin

When neuropeptide Y inhibits the paraventricular nucleus, it: a. interferes with digestion. b. produces extreme overeating. c. leads to extreme undereating. d. depletes fat stores.

B produces extreme overeating

Cells in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus monitor which temperatures? a. differences between internal organs and the skin b. their own and the skin c. internal organs d. differences between the arteries and veins

B their own and the skin

Animals with damage in or near the ventromedial hypothalamus gain weight: a. only if they eat a small number of very large meals per day. b. in spite of high activity levels. c. even if they eat the same amount as a normal animal.

C even if they eat the same amount as a normal animal

The POA/AH monitors body temperature partly by monitoring: a. the temperature of the thalamus. b. brain temperature. c. its own temperature. d. heart temperature.

C its own temperature

What is the first point in the digestive system where enzymes begin to break down food? a. small intestine b. esophagus c. mouth d. stomach

C mouth

An increase in the size of meals is most likely to occur following damage to which area of the hypothalamus? a. ventromedial b. lateral c. paraventricular d. preoptic

C paraventricular

The vagus nerve is to ________ as the splanchnic nerves are to ________. a. oral factors (such as chewing and taste); stomach fullness b. the taste of food; the texture of food c. stomach fullness; nutrient contents of the stomach d. nutrient contents of the stomach; water contents of the stomach

C stomach fullness; nutrient contents of the stomach

If the duodenum is partly distended and the stomach is not full, rats will: a. drink more. b. eat larger meals. c. continue to eat. d. stop eating.

D stop eating

What is caused by a high concentration of solutes outside the cells? a. excretion of diluted urine b. water flows into the cells c. increase in blood pressure d. water flows out of the cells

D water flows out of the cells

Chronically high insulin levels decrease appetite. a. True b. False

False

Homeostasis refers to temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep body variables within a fixed range. a. True b. False

True

Newborn animals survive at first on mother's milk. a. True b. False

True

The solutes inside and outside a cell produce an osmotic pressure. a. True b. False

True