Bio 10 111 2023 bri

The speed and accuracy of the replication process Select one: a. slow and accurate b. slow and inaccurate c. fast and accurate d. fast and inaccurate

c. fast and accurate

Copied instructions to make a polypeptide protein are found in Select one: a. rRNA b. tRNA c. mRNA d. DNA

c. mRNA

All of the following statements about transcription or translation are true except Select one: a. transcription is the transfer of the genetic code to mRNA b. transcription takes place in the nucleus c. the transcription copy (mRNA) is an exact copy of the corresponding tRNA d. translation is the interpretation of the genetic instructions from transcription e. translation takes place on the ribosome in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cytoplasm

c. the transcription copy (mRNA) is an exact copy of the corresponding tRNA

All of the following are chemical components of DNA except Select one: a. ribose sugar b. sugar-phosphate backbone c. nitrogen bases of ACGT d. two strands

a. ribose sugar

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis? Select one: A. RNA polymerase B. DNA polymerase C. reverse transcriptase D. ribosome

A. RNA polymerase

The backbone of DNA consists of ________. Select one: A. a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern B. a repeating sugar-nucleotide-sugar-nucleotide pattern C. paired nucleotides D. nitrogenous bases

A. a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern

Peptide bonds form between ________. Select one: A. amino acids B. a tRNA and the amino acid it is carrying C. an mRNA codon and a tRNA anticodon D. an mRNA transcript and the small ribosomal subunit

A. amino acids

During translation, what is the CORRECT order of events that occur as an amino acid is added? Select one: A. codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation B. peptide bond formation, translocation, codon recognition C. initiation, codon recognition, termination D. translocation, codon recognition, termination

A. codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation

What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands? Select one: A. hydrogen B. ionic C. hydrophilic D. covalent

A. hydrogen

Mad cow disease is caused by Select one: A. infectious proteins called prions. B. an enveloped virus. C. small circular RNA molecules called viroids. D. a retrovirus similar to HIV.

A. infectious proteins called prions.

The CORRECT sequence of events occurring during transcription is ________. Select one: A. initiation, elongation, termination B. elongation, initiation, termination C. splicing, capping, tailing D. tailing, capping, splicing

A. initiation, elongation, termination

Consider the following figure. It illustrates that a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin gene ________. Select one: A. may alter a protein so that it no longer functions properly B. causes a nonsense mutation C. is a silent mutation D. always involves adenine and uracil

A. may alter a protein so that it no longer functions properly

What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to change the triplet grouping of the genetic message? Select one: A. one B. two C. three D. four

A. one

The absence of a terminator in transcription will result in ________. Select one: A. the production of a longer RNA molecule B. the production of a shorter RNA molecule C. a strand of mRNA that lacks its cap and tail D. the creation of a virus

A. the production of a longer RNA molecule

The figure below shows the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell. The transfer of information from DNA into an RNA molecule is known as ________. Select one: A. transcription B. polypeptide C. translation D. DNA replication

A. transcription

RNA contains the nitrogenous base ________ instead of ________, which is found only in DNA. Select one: A. uracil... thymine B. uracil... guanine C. a deoxyribose sugar... a ribose sugar D. thymine... uracil

A. uracil... thymine

The DNA codon AGT codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon ________. Select one: A. AGT B. AGU C. TCU D. TCA

B. AGU

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand? Select one: A. TGAACG B. CAGGTA C. ACTTGC D. CAGGUA

B. CAGGTA

Transcription is the ________. Select one: A. manufacture of a protein based on information carried by RNA B. manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA C. manufacture of two new DNA double helices that are identical to an old DNA double helix D. modification of a strand of RNA prior to the manufacture of a protein

B. manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA

DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ________ monomers. Select one: A. fatty acid B. nucleotide C. amino acid D. carbohydrate

B. nucleotide

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) must use its own ________ to reproduce. Select one: A. tRNA B. reverse transcriptase C. DNA polymerase D. RNA polymerase

B. reverse transcriptase

If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases is guanine? Select one: A. 20% B. 60% C. 30% D. 40%

C. 30%

Translation converts the information stored in ________ to ________. Select one: A. RNA... DNA B. DNA... RNA C. RNA... a polypeptide D. DNA... a polypeptide

C. RNA... a polypeptide

What protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes? Select one: A. RNA splicing B. the lack of RNA-digesting enzymes in the cytoplasm C. a cap and tail D. the removal of exons

C. a cap and tail

How many amino acids are common to all living systems? Select one: A. 100 B. 30 C. 10 D. 20

D. 20

After replication, ________. Select one: A. each new DNA double helix consists of two old strands B. one new DNA double helix consists of two old strands and the other new DNA double helix consists of two new strands C. each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands D. each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand

D. each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand

What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism? Select one: A. genome B. genetic code C. genotype D. phenotype

D. phenotype

The region of DNA where RNA synthesis begins is the ________. Select one: A. start codon B. terminator C. stop codon D. promoter

D. promoter

A mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mRNA would ________. Select one: A. change the location at which transcription of the next gene begins B. result in a longer polypeptide chain C. have the same effect as deleting a single nucleotide in the gene D. result in a shortened polypeptide chain

D. result in a shortened polypeptide chain

Where is translation accomplished? Select one: A. lysosomes B. nucleoli C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. ribosomes

D. ribosomes

If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ________. Select one: A. RNA double helix with the sequence UUCGAG for one strand and AAGCUC for the complimentary strand B. single RNA strand with the sequence TTCGAG C. DNA double helix with the sequence AAGCTC for one strand and TTCGAG for the complementary strand D. single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG

D. single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG

In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ________ and guanine pairs with ________. Select one: A. uracil... cytosine B. guanine... adenine C. cytosine... thymine D. thymine... cytosine

D. thymine... cytosine

Watson and Crick's specific base pairing dictated Select one: a. A is always matched with G b. C is always matched with G c. A is always matched with G d. T is always matched with G

b. C is always matched with G

An exon is _________ while an intron is _________ Select one: a. a portion of the gene not expressed, the portion of the gene expressed b. a portion of the gene to be expressed, the portion of the gene not expressed c. controls replication, stop replication d. makes up tRNA, makes up mRNA

b. a portion of the gene to be expressed, the portion of the gene not expressed

The function of mRNA is to Select one: a. control translation b. carry the instructions for gene expression c. match to DNA for protein synthesis d. assist getting rRNA and tRNA together

b. carry the instructions for gene expression

The reason DNA must replicate is because Select one: a. sperm and egg carry a full genetic copy b. mitotic daughter cells need a full genetic copy and sperm and egg need half the genetic material c. mitotic daughter cells are identical to the mother cell d. mitotic daughter cells need double the genetic information

b. mitotic daughter cells need a full genetic copy and sperm and egg need half the genetic material

The enzyme that covalently bonds the nucleotides is Select one: a. helicase b. ligase c. DNA polymerase d. gyrase

c. DNA polymerase

Which scientists are credited for deducing the true structure of DNA Select one: a. Sponholz, Boehlke, Tacke, Diersen b. Collins, Venter, Meselson-Stahl, Hershey-Chase c. Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins d. Case, Griffith, Avery, Chargaff

c. Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins

When mRNA and tRNA match up Select one: a. an anticodon attached to tRNA b. a codon attached to rRNA c. a codon attaches to an anticodon d. four nucleotide bases attach to each other

c. a codon attaches to an anticodon

A protein is made up of a long string of Select one: a. DNA bases b. codons c. amino acids d. nucleotide bases

c. amino acids

Ultraviolet (UV) light has been linked to skin disease, especially cancer. What is the most likely link between UV light and skin disease? Select one: a. UV light denatures the enzymes necessary for translation and transcription b. The absorption of UV light heats up cells, which causes cell damage. c. UV light makes cells more susceptible to infection by viruses and bacteria d. UV light causes mutations in skin cells' DNA, which leads to malfunctioning cells

d. UV light causes mutations in skin cells' DNA, which leads to malfunctioning cells

Imagine you could take a tiny scissors, cut a piece of DNA out of a strand, and replace it with a different strand. What would NOT be a possible result? Select one: a. replace a defective protein with a functional one b. insert the code for an entirely new protein in an organism c. alter the structure of a protein to make it nonfunctional d. give an organism an entirely different organ or structure

d. give an organism an entirely different organ or structure

The types of mutations are Select one: a. codon recognition, deletion , and translocation b. peptide bond formation, deletion, termination c. initiation, substitution , codon misrecognition d. insertion, deletion, substitution

d. insertion, deletion, substitution

In the cell cycle, the DNA is replicated during which phase Select one: a. anaphase b. mitosis c. cytokinesis d. interphase

d. interphase

The function of tRNA is Select one: a. signal the end of translation b. to carry the instructions for gene expression c. to regulate the formation of rRNA d. to match with mRNA and attached amino acids

d. to match with mRNA and attached amino acids