BIO 2.8 & 2.9
Anaerobic respiration
- does not use oxygen - low yield of ATP - Waste products: CO2, ethanol (yeast), and lactate (animals) - Occurs in cytoplasm only
What is cellular respiration used for?
- muscle contraction - protein synthesis - DNA/RNA replication - cell signaling -active transport -vesicle transport
Aerobic respiration
-uses oxygen -high yield of ATP -Waste products: CO2 and Water -Pyruvate carried to mitochondria -can metabolize other molecules
how does CO2 concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis
At high levels of co2, the rate of photo. plateaus, co2 levels has no further effect. Limiting factor at low levels
How does light intensity affect the rate of Photosynthesis
At high levels of light intensity, the rate of photo. plateaus, light int. has no further effect.
What are the similarities of Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration
Both can start with glucose both produce glucose by glycolysis both produce ATP both produce CO2
equation for photolysis
H2O = O2, H ions, electron
How is cellular respiration "controlled"
by enzymes; have metabolic pathways and cycles.
equation for cellular respiration in yeast
glucose undergoes glycolysis reaction, produces 2 pyruvate, no O2 added (Anaerobic), produces ethanol and CO2 by fermentation, 2 total ATP
equation for cellular respiration in animals
glucose undergoes glycolysis, breaks down into 2 pyruvates, no O2 (anaerobic), pyruvate fermented into lactic acid (lactate). 2 ATP only
which colors are absorbed the least by plants
green. reflected by photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll)
aerobic cellular respiration
in cytoplasm glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate by glycolysis, using 2 ATP. Enters Krebs Cycle. Enters Mitochondria. Uses O2. Produces CO2 and H2O. 34 ATP
How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis
inc in temp give molecules more kinetic energy causing more substrate collisions, increasing the rate of photosynthesis. enzymes begin to denature when reaching optimum temp, photo slows down. after optimum enzymes denature rapidly.
What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
light intensity CO2 concentration temperature
How does a respirometer work?
measures changes in gas volume related to the consumption of oxygen. As O2 is used up, the pressure of gases inside the respirometer decreases. This causes water to enter the pipette. measuring the water volume in the pipette allows you to measure the rate of respiration.
products in photosynthesis
oxygen and glucose
Respiration forms high energy bonds between what?
phosphates on ATP
What is Glycolysis?
process of taking one glucose (sugar) molecule and breaking it down into pyruvate and energy (2 ATP).
Whats the source of the reactants of photosynthesis
product of cell respiration
what is photosynthesis
production of carbon compounds in cells using light energy
which wave lengths are longest
red
Which colors are absorbed the most by plants
red and violet (700 and 400 nm)
What is photolysis
splitting of water molecules. light dependent reactions. uses energy made my photosynthesis
How does the use of cell respiration in yeast create bioethanol?
starch and cellulose in the plant material are broken down by enzymes into sugars. Fermenters keep yeast in optimal condition. when yeast undergoes respiration the sugars in the plant material are converted to ethanol and CO2. ethanol is then purified and water is removed.
What causes the bubbles in bread?
the CO2 produced by anaerobic cell respiration that cannot escape. Used to create a lighter texture.
What is cellular respiration?
the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells; used for energetic processes
Explain the virtual lab on waterweed
the more intense light is and the higher CO2 concentration is the more oxygen bubbles produced. White light produces the most bubbles because it allows all lights to pass through.
which wave lengths are the shortest
violet
reactants in photosynthesis
water light CO2