BIOL 114 Exam 4

If an athlete damages a ligament in his or her knee, he or she has damaged

A connection between two bones

Which of the following traits was likely deleterious for an early hominins?

A pronounced arch and heel int he foot.

The primary role of the immune system's first line of defense is to

Act as a barrier to prevent entry of pathogens

The knee is part of the ____ skeleton, which is designed primarily for ____

Appendicular, motion

Which of the following forms of contraception is chemical in nature?

Birth control pills

Which of the following statements accurately describes similarities between aesexual and sexual reproduction in animals?

Both processes generate offspring that carry parental genes

When eating dessert, you notice the sweetness of sugar when ________ are stimulated.

Chemoreceptors

Which of the following forms of contraception is LEAST likely to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant?

Diaphragm

Why do humans rely on a circulatory system to distribute oxygen?

Diffusion is very slow over all but the shortest distances, so oxygen must be delivered to our cells to speed up the process.

Which of the following is a component of the immune system's first line of defense?

Earwax

Which of the following is a collection of organs?

Heart, lungs, and liver

Which of the following statements distinguishes gamete formation in human males from gamete formation in human females?

Human males make sperm throughout their lives, beginning at puberty, whereas human females are born with all the eggs that may be fertilized.

The body responds to tissue damage by mounting an immediate and coordinated sequence of events called the

Inflammatory response

Which of the following is an example of the immune system's second line of defense?

Macrophages engulfing pathogens during inflammation

Which of the following sensory receptor types is NOT found in humans

Magnetoreceptors

Examine the skulls shown in this figure. What can be said regarding trends in branches size and teeth over time?

More recent hominid fossils have larger brainless and generally smaller, more humanlike teeth.

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the journey of a potato chip through our digestive tract?

Mouth to esophagus to stomach to large intestine to small intestinete to anus.

If a drug attacked and destroyed involuntary muscle cells only, which of the following body functions would be affected?

Movement of materials through the digestive

For homework, your instructor asks you to write a paragraph discussing how the mouth, stomach, and small intestines work together to process food items and provide nutrients to the body. Which level of biological organization are you studying?

Organ Systems

The power that moves food along your esophagus comes from

Smooth muscle

Carbohydrates and fats are both

Sources of amino acids

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of bipedalism in hominins?

Standing on two feet makes it easer to climb trees.

Would a hominin evolutionary tree look thin and spindly or full and bushy?

The hominin evolutionary tree would look full and bushy because it would have started about 6 MYA with multiple branched branches throughout the millennia.

Which of the following organs play a role in producing vitamin D?

The skin

Which of the following statements best explain why starch molecules must be broken down before they can be absorbed by the small intestine?

They are too large to pass through the plasma membrane of the intestinal cells.

Which of the following nutrients have the lowest energy content per gram?

Vitamins

The lower region of the small intestine is structure to create large amounts of surface area so that it can more efficiently

eliminate waste products

The most likely potential problem faced by a person who is following a low-prowtein diet is the failure to

take in enough essential amino acids

Food passing through our digestive tract would contain the fewest nutrients when it reaches which of the following organs?

the large intestine

Which of the following is a characteristic of an organ used for gas exchange?

very thin tissues