Biology Chapter 20

is the study of an organism's structures.

Anatomy

Which of these is NOT one of the four major categories of tissue? muscle epithelial connective blood nervous

Blood

is the regulated balance of the internal environment of an organism.

Homeostasis

Which of these describes loose connective tissue? It is a loose weave of fibers that functions as a packing material. It is composed of many fibers that connect bone to bone and muscle to bone. It is a rigid material that provides structural support. It transports nutrients and gases from one part of the body to another. It plays a role in padding, insulation, and energy storage.

It is a loose weave of fibers that functions as a packing material.

is a group of tissues working together.

Organ

Multiple organs that work together are called a(n)

Organ System

The heart pumps blood through blood vessels to reach all areas of the body. Together, the heart and blood vessels form a(n) __________. cell tissue organ organ system

Organ System

is made up of many organ systems functioning together.

Organism

is the study of how an organism's structures function.

Physiology

Connective tissue consists of a population of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. What is the extracellular matrix associated with blood? View Available Hint(s) collagen fibers embedded in a hard mineral substance plasma a loose weave of protein fibers parallel collagen fibers

Plasma

Which of these is an example of negative feedback? The end product of a reaction sequence speeds up the reaction sequence. The end product of a reaction sequence shuts down the reaction sequence. The first enzyme in a reaction sequence lowers the activation energy of the reaction. The end product of a reaction sequence has no effect on the reaction sequence. The first enzyme in a reaction sequence makes the free energy change of the reaction more negative.

The end product of a reaction sequence shuts down the reaction sequence.

A group of cells working together is a(n)

Tissue

Cartilage is found _____. surrounding organs such as the kidneys in the heart at the ends of bones such as the femur covering the surface of your body connecting one bone to another

at the ends of bones such as the femur

Ligaments connect _____ to _____. View Available Hint(s) bone ... bone tendon ... bone muscle ... tendon muscle ... bone

bone ... bone

Cardiac muscle is the only muscle composed of _____ fibers. branched unstriated unbranched and cylindrical spindle shaped striated

branched

Branched and striated is a description that would apply to which kind of animal tissue? View Available Hint(s) cardiac muscle stratified squamous epithelium nerve skeletal muscle

cardiac muscle

A neuron consists of _____. a cell body only dendrites only axons only dendrites, a cell body, and axons striations

dendrites, a cell body, and axons

In what organ system do hormone-producing organs belong? View Available Hint(s) respiratory system skeletal system endocrine system muscular system

endocrine system

The heart is an example of a(n) ___________. tissue cell organ system organ

organ

Tissues are composed of _____. View Available Hint(s) organ systems organs populations similar cells

similar cells

In terms of hierarchy of organization, organs fall between _____ and _____. View Available Hint(s) cells ... tissues tissues ... organ systems atoms ... cells organ systems ... organisms

tissues ... organ systems

Nervous tissue functions _____. as a physical barrier to the invasion of pathogens to physically move the body to sense stimuli to physically support the body in the absorption of nutrients

to sense stimuli

How many organ systems make up your body? View Available Hint(s) twelve millions four hundreds

twelve

Which organ system regulates the water balance of the blood? View Available Hint(s) integumentary system urinary lymphatic system circulatory system

urinary

_____ is the connective tissue specialized for transport. Bone Blood Adipose tissue Muscle tissue Cartilage

Blood

If blood sugar is under homeostatic control using negative feedback, what will happen if blood sugar levels drop between meals? View Available Hint(s) The drop in blood sugar levels will stimulate a further reduction in blood sugar. Blood sugar will begin to rise until it reaches an appropriate value. The blood sugar will suddenly become very elevated. The blood sugar level will stabilize at the new, lower level.

Blood sugar will begin to rise until it reaches an appropriate value.

__________ are the fundamental units of life. Organisms Cells Organs Tissues

Cells

How does connective tissue differ from the other three major tissue types? Connective tissue often consists of relatively few cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. Connective tissue consists of contractile proteins. Connective tissue consists of cells capable of transmitting electrical impulses. There are three types of connective tissue. Connective tissue is found lining body surfaces.

Connective tissue often consists of relatively few cells embedded in an extracellular matrix.

With reference to homeostatic control, what is negative feedback? View Available Hint(s) Negative feedback is where changes in variables trigger control mechanisms that counteract these changes. It increases the speed and rapidity of negative responses. It promotes decreases in metabolic rate rather than increases. It produces a response by lowering some set point of an organism's metabolism.

Negative feedback is where changes in variables trigger control mechanisms that counteract these changes.

_____ muscle is attached to bones. Smooth Involuntary Cardiac Branched Skeletal

Skeletal

The heart has four valves that control the flow of blood. Two of the valves (the AV valves) normally prevent blood from flowing upwards. The other two valves (semilunar valves) normally prevent blood from flowing downwards. The AV valves and semilunar valves have different shapes. Which principle of anatomy and physiology does this example represent? Organ systems are interconnected. There is a hierarchy of anatomical organization in an organism. Structure is linked to function. Organ systems contribute to homeostasis.

Structure is linked to function.

Your friend has eczema on her hands. Which of the following would likely be the best thing for to do? Use hand sanitizer rather than soap. Wash her hands more intensely. Use lotion after washing her hands. Wash her hands more frequently.

Use lotion after washing her hands.

Which of the following is a good example of homeostasis? View Available Hint(s) All organs are composed of the same four kinds of tissues. Cells of the skin are constantly worn off and replaced. When blood CO2 increases, you breathe faster to get rid of CO2. All the cells in the body have much the same chemical composition.

When blood CO2 increases, you breathe faster to get rid of CO2.

Anatomy is to physiology as ___________. a book is to reading singing is to talking studying is to homework animals are to plants

a book is to reading

What would be the function of an epithelial cell with a relatively large amount of cytoplasm? View Available Hint(s) regeneration and rapid tissue replacement resist wear and tear anchorage to the extracellular matrix absorption and secretion

absorption and secretion

Which of the following are connective tissues? View Available Hint(s) blood and neurons cartilage, bone, and epithelium bone, blood, and skin adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood

adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood

Myelin sheaths cover sections of some neurons. These neurons transmit information at a higher rate than neurons without a myelin sheath. Which part of the neuron is most likely covered by a myelin sheath? View Available Hint(s) nucleus cell body dendrite axon

axon

Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix made of collagen and calcium salts? View Available Hint(s) bone fibrous connective cartilage adipose

bone

Which of the following options lists the structural elements of organisms in the correct order, from smallest to largest? cells, organs, organ systems, tissues, organisms tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms cells, tissues, organ systems, organs, organisms

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Which of the following tissues is responsible for food absorption in the small intestines? View Available Hint(s) cuboidal epithelium columnar epithelium connective tissue smooth muscle

columnar epithelium

Connective tissue __________. View Available Hint(s) is made of cells embedded in a solid substance always plays a role in physical support is made of tightly packed cells consists of cells scattered in an extracellular matrix

consists of cells scattered in an extracellular matrix

Muscle cells contract. This is possible because of __________. View Available Hint(s) contractile proteins their large surface area the shape of their cells the absorption of particular nutrients

contractile proteins

Negative feedback is a method of homeostatic control that _____. View Available Hint(s) counteracts a change in a condition by causing the change to either moderate or stop produces a response by lowering some set point of an organism's metabolism promotes decreases in metabolism rather than increases increases the speed and rapidity of negative responses

counteracts a change in a condition by causing the change to either moderate or stop

Which of the following lines organs that come into contact with the environment? View Available Hint(s) loose connective tissue adipose tissue smooth muscle epithelial tissue

epithelial tissue

A ligament is composed of what kind of connective tissue? View Available Hint(s) fibrous connective adipose loose connective cartilage

fibrous connective

The exchange of gases by the respiratory system is made efficient by _______. View Available Hint(s) oxygen animals' being closed systems that are separate and distinct from their environment finely branched air tubes and blood vessels, which increase the internal surface area contraction of muscles in trachea (windpipe)

finely branched air tubes and blood vessels, which increase the internal surface area

Interstitial fluid is the _____. View Available Hint(s) fluid that bathes the cells of the body fluid inside cells fluid surrounding a single-celled protozoan extracellular matrix of blood

fluid that bathes the cells of the body

What is the primary function of loose connective tissue? View Available Hint(s) energy storage allowing for diffusion voluntary body movement holding other tissues and organs in place

holding other tissues and organs in place

Our body temperature stays constant no matter the changes that may occur in the outer environment - for example, a hot summer afternoon or a cold winter morning. This is an example of _____. View Available Hint(s) homeopathy sweating homeostasis homeostatic imbalance

homeostasis

The body's first line of defense from microbial infections is afforded by the _____ system. View Available Hint(s) immune integumentary nervous skeletal

integumentary

Epithelial tissue is involved in _____. View Available Hint(s) attaching bones to one another interior lining of blood vessels energy storage the rapid relay of information from one part of the body to another

interior lining of blood vessels

What is the name given to the water-resistant protein found in skin? View Available Hint(s) dermis collagen keratin cartilage

keratin

Homeostasis is the _____. View Available Hint(s) cooperation of body parts to form tissues, organs, and systems exchange of materials with the surrounding environment maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment correlation of structure and function

maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment

The goal of homeostasis is the _____. View Available Hint(s) manipulation of the external environment to meet the needs of the internal environment status quo (no change) of all systems in the body generation of body heat maintenance of internal conditions within a limited range

maintenance of internal conditions within a limited range

The apical surfaces of many epithelial cells in the respiratory system have __________. View Available Hint(s) modifications called cilia muscle tissue connective tissue nervous tissue

modifications called cilia

Organ systems are often interconnected, and these interconnections allow us to function normally. What two organ systems work directly together when someone runs and jumps? circulatory and nervous muscular and skeletal respiratory and urinary endocrine and immune

muscular and skeletal

When a jogger starts to run, the rate at which his muscles produce carbon dioxide rises sharply. But the carbon dioxide in his blood rises only slightly before he starts to breathe faster and his heart starts beating more strongly. Soon his increased rate of CO2 production is balanced by an increased rate of CO2 removal. This would be an example of _____ feedback because the jogger's circulatory and respiratory systems are _____. View Available Hint(s) positive ... decreasing the CO2 concentration positive ... restoring the CO2 concentration to the set point positive ... improving the operating conditions in the jogger's body negative ... acting to oppose the increase of blood CO2 from the preferred concentration

negative ... acting to oppose the increase of blood CO2 from the preferred concentration

Neurons are specialized cells characteristic of _____. View Available Hint(s) muscle tissue epithelial tissue nervous tissue connective tissue

nervous tissue

What are the four major categories of tissues? View Available Hint(s) blood, nervous, connective, and muscle nervous, epithelial, connective, and muscle bone, muscle, blood, and adipose muscle, epithelial, bone, and cartilage

nervous, epithelial, connective, and muscle

In addition to the integrity of the integumentary system, what other component of the skin protects against bacterial infection? View Available Hint(s) sensory receptor oil gland blood vessel sweat gland

oil gland

Which of these includes all of the others? View Available Hint(s) organism tissue organ system organ

organism

Which of the following is an organizational level that encompasses many organ systems working together? View Available Hint(s) organs organisms tissues cells

organisms

The extracellular matrix of blood is _____. View Available Hint(s) made of cuboidal epithelium plasma the inner lining of the blood vessels the red and white blood cells

plasma

Which of the following is the primary function of the nervous tissue? View Available Hint(s) contraction structural support of the body transport and exchange of gases rapid communication of signals

rapid communication of signals

What aspect of a bird's wings would be studied by a physiologist? View Available Hint(s) role of feather barbs in flight structure of feathers number of bones in a bird's wrists placement of muscle groups

role of feather barbs in flight

What type of epithelial tissue, found in the intestines, absorbs nutrients? stratified cuboidal epithelium simple cuboidal cells simple columnar epithelium stratified columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

Which of the following is an example of a tissue? View Available Hint(s) neuron simple columnar epithelium lining the intestine the heart extracellular matrix

simple columnar epithelium lining the intestine

What type of epithelial tissue lines kidney tubules? stratified squamous epithelium stratified cuboidal epithelium simple squamous epithelium simple cuboidal cells stratified transitional epithelium

simple cuboidal cells

Which of these tissues is specialized for allowing the exchange of materials by simple diffusion? View Available Hint(s) cuboidal epithelium stratified squamous epithelium adipose tissue simple squamous epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

Which of these tissues, found in the lungs, permits gas exchange by diffusion? stratified squamous epithelium simple cuboidal cells stratified cuboidal epithelium simple squamous epithelium simple columnar epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

Voluntary body movements involve _____. View Available Hint(s) cardiac muscle smooth muscle skeletal muscle simple cuboidal epithelium

skeletal muscle

You have voluntary control over the function of _____. View Available Hint(s) smooth muscle simple squamous epithelium cardiac muscle skeletal muscle

skeletal muscle

Food is pushed through the digestive tract by the contractions of _____. View Available Hint(s) simple columnar epithelium skeletal muscle smooth muscle nervous tissue

smooth muscle

What type of muscle is responsible for contractions of the digestive tract and arteries? smooth muscle skeletal muscle striated muscle voluntary muscle cardiac muscle

smooth muscle

Epithelial tissues include _____. View Available Hint(s) squamous, cuboidal, and columnar cells red and white blood cells cartilage and bone neurons

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar cells

What type of epithelium would you expect to find covering a surface subject to physical forces? simple epithelium squamous epithelium stratified epithelium simple cuboidal cells columnar epithelium

stratified epithelium

The type of epithelium that lines the inside of your cheeks (within your mouth) is __________. View Available Hint(s) stratified squamous epithelium simple squamous epithelium simple columnar epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by _____, which are made of _____. View Available Hint(s) ligaments ... cartilage tendons ... fibrous connective tissue tendons ... stratified squamous epithelium ligaments ... loose connective tissue

tendons ... fibrous connective tissue

A neuroanatomist would be interested in __________. View Available Hint(s) how behavior may change due to the administration of particular drugs such as cocaine the relationship between emotion and response the physical stimulus that might initiate a reaction the neuronal connections between different regions of the brain

the neuronal connections between different regions of the brain

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.Under normal conditions, blood sugar levels are controlled within a narrow range by negative feedback. Two hormones are involved in maintaining blood sugar levels at the set point (about 90 mg of glucose/100 mL of blood). When blood sugar levels rise above the set point, the hormone insulin signals the liver to absorb the excess sugar. When blood sugar levels drop below the set point, the hormone glucagon signals the liver to release its stored glucose to the bloodstream.For negative feedback control of blood glucose homeostasis to function properly, an increase in blood glucose is continuously amplified by the liver. there must be sensors that monitor blood glucose levels. the set point changes in response to changes in blood glucose levels. glucagon acts as a stimulus to trigger the control center to activate a response.

there must be sensors that monitor blood glucose levels.

The terms epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous refer to the four main types of _____. View Available Hint(s) tissues cells organs organ systems

tissues