Biology Midterm part 2

Many autotrophs obtain the glucose they need for metabolism through a. photosynthesis. b. fermentation. c. cellular respiration. d. eating food.

photosynthesis

The process in which plants capture energy and make organic molecules is known as a. evolution. b. development. c. homeostasis. d. photosynthesis.

photosynthesis

Which type of cell is found in the hard or gritty parts of fruits and vegetables? a. parenchyma b. sclerenchyma c. collenchyma d. plasmodesmata

sclerenchyma

The conducting cells of phloem are called a. tracheids. b. vessel elements. c. sieve tube cells. d. sieve plates.

sieve tube cells.

The mobile reproductive parts of all nonvascular seedless plants are a. rhizoids. b. spores. c. cones. d. epiphytes.

spores

Refer to the illustration above. Which structure produces vesicles filled with proteins? a. structure 3 b. structure 5 c. structure 2 d. structure 1

structure 1

Chemosynthesis is a process through which some organisms use energy from chemicals in their environment to build sugars in the absence of a. sunlight. b. water. c. glucose. d. ATP.

sunlight

Sagebrush grows in regions that receive little annual precipitation. Which type of root structure would a sagebrush most likely have? a. adventitious b. pneumatophores c. fibrous d. taproot

taproot

The large central root of a carrot is an example of which type of root system? a. taproot b. adventitious c. fibrous d. aerial

taproot

The transport of food from the leaf to the rest of the plant is called a. active transport. b. osmosis. c. translocation. d. transpiration.

translocation

The loss of water by the leaves and stem of a plant is called a. transpiration. b. active transport. c. osmosis. d. translocation.

transpiration

The phloem in a plant a. transports sugars. b. transports water and minerals. c. exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen with the atmosphere. d. None of the above

transports sugars

The xylem in a plant a. transports food from the leaves. b. transports water and minerals. c. exchanges carbon dioxide with the atmosphere. d. All of the above

transports water and minerals.

Energy flows from the sun through the living world when a. plants capture sunlight and produce carbohydrates. b. animals eat plants. c. animals eat other animals that have eaten plants. d. All of the above

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Heterotrophs get energy a. from organic molecules. b. through cellular respiration. c. from breaking down food molecules. d. All of the above

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Phospholipids are molecules that a. contain phosphate. b. have nonpolar "tails" and polar "heads." c. form the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. d. All of the above

ALL OF THE ABOVE

The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that a. receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum. b. packages molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum. c. is involved in the distribution of proteins. d. All of the above

ALL OF THE ABOVE

The cell membrane a. encloses the contents of a cell. b. allows materials to enter and leave the cell. c. is selectively permeable. d. All of the above

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Which of the following are produced by reactions that take place in the thylakoids and are consumed by reactions in the stroma? a. carbon dioxide and water b. ATP and NADPH c. carbon dioxide and ATP d. ATP and oxygen

ATP and NADPH

A plant that is characterized by steady vegetative growth after germination, producing seeds early the next spring, and then dying, has which type of life cycle? a. perennial b. vascular c. annual d. biennial

biennial

The diagram below shows a leaf cross section. Refer to the illustration above. The vein illustrated is made up of a. only phloem vessels. b. only xylem vessels. c. both xylem and phloem vessels. d. neither xylem nor phloem vessels

both xylem and phloem vessels

The process of cellular respiration a. is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis. b. breaks down food molecules to release stored energy. c. occurs only in animals. d. occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis.

breaks down food molecules to release stored energy.

The outer layers of ground tissue in a stem are known as the a. cortex. b. pith. c. nodes. d. sapwood.

cortex

The number of seed leaves distinguishes a. seed plants from seedless plants. b. angiosperms from gymnosperms. c. two classes of angiosperms. d. club mosses from mosses.

two classes of angiosperms.

Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored. This space is called the a. vacuole. b. mitochondrion. c. Golgi apparatus. d. chloroplast.

vacuole

A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of a. chromosomes. b. vacuoles. c. mitochondria. d. lysosomes.

mitochondria

The questions below refer to the following balanced chemical equation. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + P ® 6CO2 + 6 H2O + MOLECULE A Refer to the equation above. The process summarized by the equation begins in the cytoplasm of a cell and ends in the b. mitochondria. Answers: a. cytoplasm. b. mitochondria. c. cell membrane. d. endoplasmic reticulum.

mitochondria

Which organelles supply energy to the cell? a. mitochondria b. vacuoles c. ribosomes d. centrosomes

mitochondria

Transport proteins play a role in both a. phagocytosis and passive transport. b. exocytosis and endocytosis. c. passive and active transport. d. diffusion and vesicle transport.

passive and active transport.

Osmosis is a type of a. endocytosis. b. facilitated diffusion. c. active transport. d. passive transport.

passive transport

Bark contains a. xylem and phloem. b. phloem and cork cells. c. sapwood. d. mesophyll.

phloem and cork cells

Refer to the illustration above. The structures labeled A are a. phospholipid tails. b. carbohydrates. c. proteins. d. phospholipid heads.

phospholipid heads

Which structure shown in Figure 22-1 is not found in animal cells? a. D b. F c. C d. A

A

Which of the following statements is true? a. A biennial is smaller during its first growing season. b. The roots of a perennial die at the end of the growing season. c. A biennial flowers in both years. d. The stems of all perennials live from one year to the next.

A biennial is smaller during its first growing season

A microscope with a 4´ objective lens and a 10´ ocular lens produces a total magnification of

40'

Which chemical equation best represents the process of photosynthesis? a.C6H1206+6H20 -> C6H12O6+ 6O2 b. C6H12O6+ 6O2->6CO2 +6H20 c. 6CO2+602-> C6H12O6+ 6O2 D. 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is a major difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport? a. Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient. b. Facilitated diffusion moves molecules through the plasma membrane. c. Active transport uses proteins in the process. d. Facilitated diffusion requires large amounts of energy.

Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient

A protein that fits into the cell membrane a. has two polar ends that are attracted to water. b. floats in the cell membrane. c. has a nonpolar middle section. d. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is a major principle upon which cell theory is based? a. All cells are eukaryotic. b. All organisms are made of cells. c. All cells form by free-cell formation. d. All cells have DNA

All organisms are made of cells.

Which of the processes shown in Figure 8-2 do not use a cell's energy? a. A b. B c. C d. D

C

Which of the following is a reactant in photosynthesis? a. CO2 b. COOH c. O2 d.C6H12O6

CO2

Cholesterol is repelled by water and can be found between the layers of the phospholipids in the plasma membrane. What can be concluded from this information? a. Cholesterol is repelled by the polar tails. b. A high cholesterol diet should be avoided. c. Cholesterol is polar. d. Cholesterol is nonpolar

Cholesterol is nonpolar.

Where are you least likely to find water in the structure shown in Figure 7-4? a. B b. E c. A d. C

E

How is the cell shown in Figure 3.1 different from a prokaryotic cell? a. It has DNA. b. It has a cell membrane. c. It has a nucleus. d. It has cytoplasm.

It has a nucleus.

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration? a. It combines with carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide. b. It provides electrons for the electron transport chain. c. It is needed for the production of light and heat. d. It is the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain.

It is the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain.

Which of the following statements is true of ATP? a. It stores energy as glucose. b. It transfers energy to cell processes. c. It converts sunlight into chemical energy. d. It releases energy when it gains a phosphate group.

It transfers energy to cell processes.

Which is the best explanation for why vascular plants can grow tall on land, and nonvascular plants remain small and bound to water? a. They occupy different niches to avoid competition. b. Nutrient availability allows vascular plants to grow tall. c. Vascular tissues are involved in their reproductive strategies. d. Osmosis is a very slow transport system for water.

Osmosis is a very slow transport system for water

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes? a. Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores energy. b. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. c. Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. d. all of the above

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back

Based on your knowledge of stem structure in a plant, why will removing the bark of a tree kill the tree? a. Removing the bark destroys the ability of the tree to draw water from the ground. b. Removing the bark removes cambium and prevents further growth of the tree. c. Removing the bark removes phloem, preventing nutrient movement to the roots. d. Removing the bark allows pathogens into the sensitive tissues beneath.

Removing the bark removes phloem, preventing nutrient movement to the roots.

Which function do stems and roots share? a. intake of water and nutrients b. support of the plant body c. transpiration d. photosynthesis

Support of the plant body

The reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, but they usually do not occur at night. Which of the following statements explains why not? a. Most plants do not make the 4-carbon compounds that would be needed for the Calvin cycle to occur at night. b. Carbon dioxide is not available at night. c. It is too cold at night for reactions to take place. d. The Calvin cycle depends on products of light reactions.

The Calvin cycle depends on products of light reactions.

What happens when an aerobic organism is placed in an anaerobic environment? a. The citric acid cycle stops, stopping glycolysis. b. The electron transport chain stops, stopping the citric acid cycle. c. Glycolysis stops, stopping the citric acid cycle. d. The citric acid cycle stops, stopping the electron transport chain.

The electron transport chain stops, stopping the citric acid cycle.

An experiment is designed to test the following hypothesis: The rate of transpiration will increase with air humidity. What do you think the conclusion of the experiment will be? a. The hypothesis is correct because high humidity would promote transpiration. b. The hypothesis is incorrect because high humidity would most likely inhibit transpiration. c. The hypothesis is correct because roots are able to absorb more moisture during humid weather. d. The hypothesis is incorrect because there is no relationship between air humidity and transpiration

The hypothesis is incorrect because high humidity would most likely inhibit transpiration

Which of the following statements explains why the nucleus is important to cells? a. Only eukaryotes have nuclei. b. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. c. The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins. d. Only prokaryotes have nuclei.

The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins.

Which of the following statements is true? a. The opening of stomata decreases transpiration. b. The stomata of a wilted plant are closed. c. Oxygen cannot pass through the stomata. d. Stomata open only at night.

The stomata of a wilted plant are closed

Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotes? a. They have a nucleus. b. Their evolution preceded that of eukaryotes. c. The organelles in their cytoplasm are surrounded by membranes. d. None of the above

Their evolution preceded that of eukaryotes.

Why do plants grown in a heated greenhouse in winter rarely grow as fast as the same type of plant grown outside during the summer? a. Greenhouse plants don't get the same nutrients as plants growing in the ground. b. Plants go through growing cycles whether the environment is conducive towards growth or not. c. Most plants can only grow in a very narrow temperature range. d. There is less solar energy available during the winter.

There is less solar energy available during the winter.

How are chloroplasts similar to mitochondria? a. They are both found in prokaryotic cells. b. They both contain their own DNA. c. They are both found in animal cells. d. They can both use energy from sunlight.

They both contain their own DNA

What happens to the sugars that are made during photosynthesis? a. They can be used for cellular respiration. b. They go back into the Calvin cycle. c. They move directly into an electron transport chain. d. They make ATP by bonding together.

They can be used for cellular respiration

Which of the following is an accurate description of how structure enhances function in the thylakoid? a. Thylakoid membranes serve as an impermeable surface that prevents the flow of electrons into the stroma. b. Thylakoid membranes act as an oxygen barrier allowing the aerobic steps of photosynthesis to proceed. c. Thylakoid membranes can open and close depending on humidity to prevent evaporation from the cell. d. Thylakoid membranes have a large surface area that provides the space needed to hold large numbers of electron-transporting molecules.

Thylakoid membranes have a large surface area that provides the space needed to hold large numbers of electron-transporting molecules

All of the following are examples of cell specialization EXCEPT a. muscle cells that control movement of materials in the body b. a pancreatic cell that produces protein-digesting enzymes. c. a prokaryotic cell that carries out photosynthesis. d. a red blood cell that carries oxygen.

a prokaryotic cell that carries out photosynthesis.

The primary function of root hairs is a. water storage. b. to transport food up the stem. c. absorption of water and minerals. d. to strengthen roots as they grow downward.

absorption of water and minerals.

Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in a. animal cells only. b. plant cells only. c. all but plant cells. d. all eukaryotic cells.

all eukaryotic cells.

gymnosperms : naked seeds :: a. liverwort : pollen b. liverwort : vascular tissue c. angiosperms : enclosed seeds d. pollen : mosses

angiosperms : enclosed seeds

Which substance on the plasma membrane helps identify chemical signals from outside the cell? a. cholesterol b. membrane protein c. transport protein d. carbohydrate chain

carbohydrate chain

Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled B is a a. glycerol molecule. b. carbohydrate chain. c. fatty acid. d. nucleic acid.

carbohydrate chain.

Which of these molecules found in the food we eat is most commonly broken down to make ATP? a. carbohydrates b. vitamins c. proteins d. lipids

carbohydrates

Which of the following best describes the molecules labeled B in Figure 4.1? a. oxygen entering an electron transport chain b. carbon monoxide entering the light-independent reactions c. carbon dioxide entering the Calvin cycle d. water entering the thylakoid membrane

carbon dioxide entering the Calvin cycle

Both active transport and facilitated diffusion involve a. ATP. b. movement against a concentration gradient. c. carrier proteins. d. All of the above

carrier proteins

Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level? a. cell, tissue, organ system b. organ system, organ, tissue, cell c. cell, tissue, organ, organ system d. tissue, organ, organ system

cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Chemical energy stored in food molecules is released through a. fermentation. b. photosynthesis. c. cellular respiration. d. None of the above

cellular respiration

Which process is best represented by the following chemical equation? sugars + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy a. photosynthesis b. cellular respiration c. fermentation d. glycolysis

cellular respiration

photosynthesis : oxygen :: a. cellular respiration : oxygen b. cellular respiration : carbon dioxide c. cellular respiration : enzymes d. oxygen : carbon dioxide

cellular respiration : carbon dioxide

Most of the food and waste materials that move into and out of a cell pass through a. marker proteins. b. channel proteins. c. receptor proteins. d. enzymes.

channel proteins.

Proteins that act like selective passageways in the cell membrane are known as a. marker proteins. b. channel proteins. c. receptor proteins. d. None of the above

channel proteins.

An organism that uses hydrogen sulfide as a source of energy is categorized as which of the following? a. photoautotroph b. heteroautotroph c. thermoautotroph d. chemoautotroph

chemoautotroph

Which process would bacteria living near a heat vent on the ocean floor use to build carbon-based molecules, such as sugars? a. chemosynthesis b. cellular respiration c. light-independent reactions d. fermentation

chemosynthesis

The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the a. mitochondria. b. chloroplasts. c. Golgi apparatus. d. vacuoles.

chloroplasts

One of the adaptive advantages of seeds is that seeds a. lack a tough outer coat. b. can germinate without water. c. contain a nutrient supply. d. do not remain inactive for long periods of time.

contain a nutrient supply

A botanist notices that the cuticle is not forming properly on one of his plants. He thinks the plant has an infection. Which tissue is most likely infected? a. dermal tissue b. meristematic tissue c. vascular tissue d. ground tissue

dermal tissue

The dispersal of ink in a beaker of water is an example of a. active transport. b. osmosis. c. endocytosis. d. diffusion.

diffusion

Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by a. osmosis. b. exocytosis. c. diffusion. d. endocytosis.

endocytosis

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both sites of a. energy manufacturing. b. energy conversion. c. protein synthesis. d. photosynthesis.

energy conversion.

At a proton pump of the thylakoid membrane, a. electrons are pushed out of the thylakoid. b. the thylakoid bursts, releasing energy. c. energy from electrons is used to make ATP. d. electrons return to their original energy levels.

energy from electrons is used to make ATP.

Molecules that are too large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by a. osmosis. b. endocytosis. c. diffusion. d. exocytosis.

exocytosis

Which process is occurring when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell? a. phagocytosis b. endocytosis c. osmosis d. exocytosis

exocytosis

Which of the following is an example of passive transport? a. Na+/K+ ATPase pump b. exocytosis c. endocytosis d. facilitated diffusion

facilitated diffusion

Which process requires no energy from the cell? a. active transport b. facilitated diffusion c. exocytosis d. endocytosis

facilitated diffusion

Sugar molecules can enter cells through the process of a. osmosis. b. exocytosis. c. facilitated diffusion. d. ion pumps.

facilitated diffusion.

the krebs cycle does not occur if a. fermentation occurs. b. carbon dioxide is present. c. oxygen is present. d. glycolysis occurs.

fermentation occurs

If oxygen is absent during the second stage of cellular respiration, a. the Krebs cycle begins. b. the electron transport chain works more efficiently. c. glycolysis stops. d. fermentation will occur.

fermentation will occur.

Which of the following is not a nonvascular plant? a. hornwort b. fern c. liverwort d. moss

fern

A solution that is hypotonic to a cell has a. too many solutes. b. the same concentration of solutes as the cell. c. fewer solutes than the cell. d. more solutes than the cell.

fewer solutes than the cell

Which is the latest characteristic to appear in the evolutionary divergence of plants from green algae? a. seeds b. vascular tissue c. embryo protection d. flowers

flowers

Diffusion is the movement of a substance a. from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration. b. only in liquids. c. from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. d. only through a lipid bilayer membrane

from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

What process breaks glucose down into the pyruvate that is used in cellular respiration? a. electron transport b. fermentation c. the Krebs cycle d. glycolysis

glycolysis

Glycolysis and aerobic respiration are different in that a. glycolysis occurs on the cell membrane, while aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria. b. glycolysis occurs only in photosynthesis, while aerobic respiration is part of cellular respiration. c. glycolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen, while aerobic respiration requires oxygen. d. None of the above

glycolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen, while aerobic respiration requires oxygen.

Cellular respiration takes place in two stages: a. glycolysis and fermentation. b. electron transport chain, then fermentation. c. glycolysis, then aerobic respiration. d. None of the above

glycolysis, then aerobic respiration.

What can you infer from a thick annual ring inside a thin annual ring in a tree trunk? a. good conditions followed by harsher conditions b. low precipitation followed by high precipitation c. a short spring followed by a very cold winter d. secondary growth followed by primary growth

good conditions followed by harsher conditions

The ancestors of today's land plants were probably a. brown algae. b. lichens. c. red algae. d. green algae.

green algae

vascular tissue: transport of fluids :: a. dermal tissue : storage b. dermal tissue : transport of fluids c. epidermis : support d. ground tissue : photosynthesis

ground tissue : photosynthesis

Which of the following were the first land plants to evolve seeds? a. ferns b. mosses c. angiosperms d. gymnosperms

gymnosperms

During photosynthesis light energy is converted to the energy in chemical bonds. What also happens according to the predictions of the second law of thermodynamics? a. matter is lost in the process b. the light and chemical energy are equal c. heat is released in the process d. chemical energy is converted to light energy

heat is released in the process

The cuticle a. is a plant adaptation to an aquatic environment. b. helps reduce the evaporation of fluids from a plant. c. is crucial to plant cell nourishment. d. in a reproductive structure in some plants.

helps reduce the evaporation of fluids from a plant.

The vascular bundles of dicot stems are arranged a. scattered throughout ground tissue. b. in cortex scattered throughout ground tissue. c. in piths scattered throughout ground tissue. d. in rings surrounded by ground tissue.

in rings surrounded by ground tissue.

The energy acquired in the light-dependent reactions is used in the light-independent reactions to build glucose molecules. How is this energy transferred from light-dependent to light-independent reactions? a. in the bonds of ATP and NADPH molecules b. in the bonds of carbon dioxide molecules c. in the bonds of 3-carbon phosphoglycerate molecules d. in the bonds of 5-carbon ribulose molecules

in the bonds of ATP and NADPH molecules

The sodium-potassium pump a. transports sugar molecules. b. is located in the cytoplasm of a cell. c. is a carrier protein d. uses passive transport.

is a carrier protein

Chlorophyll is green because a. it absorbs green wavelengths of light. b. it absorbs blue and yellow wavelengths, which make green. c. of an optical illusion caused by transmitted light. d. it reflects green wavelengths of light.

it reflects green wavelengths of light.

Refer to the illustration above. Which of the leaves is a compound leaf? a. leaf a b. leaf b c. leaf c d. leaf d

leaf c

Monocots have a. two cotyledons. b. flower parts in multiples of four or five. c. leaves with parallel veins. d. leaves with branching veins.

leaves with parallel veins.

Which organelles contain enzymes that break down old cell parts? a. vacuoles b. chloroplasts c. lysosomes d. centrosomes

lysosomes

Elongated proteins on the surface of a cell and that identify the cell are called a. channel proteins. b. marker proteins. c. enzymes. d. receptor proteins.

marker proteins

In the process of the evolution of plants, liverworts appeared after green algae, but before seedless vascular plants. With this information, predict where liverworts would most likely be found. a. moist, shady places b. dry, grassy areas c. rocky coastlines d. the bottom of ponds

moist, shady places

ATP is called a cell's "energy currency" because a. ATP allows one organelle to be exchanged for another between cells. b. most of the energy that drives metabolism is supplied by ATP. c. glucose is made of ATP. d. ATP catalyzes all metabolic reactions.

most of the energy that drives metabolism is supplied by ATP.

Which of the following phrases best describes active transport? a. moves substance against concentration gradient b. forms a vesicle around a large particle c. relies on diffusion of materials d. does not use chemical energy

moves substance against concentration gradient

Heterotrophs are organisms that a. produce food from inorganic molecules or sunlight. b. can survive without energy. c. must consume other organisms to get energy. d. None of the above

must consume other organisms to get energy.

The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the a. nucleolus. b. nuclear wall. c. nuclear envelope. d. ribosome.

nuclear envelope

The function of guard cells is to a. produce potassium ions b. carry out photosynthesis c. open and close the stomata. d. keep carbon dioxide out.

open and close the stomata.

The diffusion of water into or out of a cell is called a. osmosis. b. selective transport. c. endocytosis. d. solubility.

osmosis

Cells produce ATP most efficiently in the presence of a. glucose. b. carbon dioxide. c. water. d. oxygen.

oxygen

The tissue of the leaf mesophyll that is located directly below the upper epidermis and consists of tightly packed column-shaped cells is the a. palisade layer. b. cortex. c. pith. d. adventitious layer.

palisade layer.

When a person looks at a herbaceous plant, what type of cell is the person mostly seeing? a. collenchyma cells b. guard cells c. parenchyma cells d. sclerenchyma cells

parenchyma cells

Plant cells that have thin walls and store starch, oils, and water are a. vascular cells. b. sclerenchyma cells. c. parenchyma cells. d. collenchyma cells.

parenchyma cells.

A scientist at the polar ice cap was studying an ice sample from hundred of meters below the surface. While examining the ice, the scientist found some cells from many years ago. Using an electron microscope, the scientist identified these cell structures: a cytoskeleton, mitochondrion, nucleus, cell wall, and ribosomes. What kind of organism did the scientist find? a. He did not have enough information. b. plant c. bacteria d. animal

plant

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton? a. helps the cell move b. helps organelles within the cell move c. helps the cell maintain its shape d. prevents chromosomes from separating

prevents chromosomes from separating

The interior portion of a cell membrane forms a nonpolar zone that a. allows polar molecules to pass through the membrane. b. allows food to pass through the membrane. c. prevents ions and most large molecules from passing through the membrane. d. None of the above

prevents ions and most large molecules from passing through the membrane.

A feature that distinguishes most plants from other organisms is that they a. are multicellular and eukaryotes. b. use starch to store energy and have cell walls. c. have chlorophyll and use it for photosynthesis. d. produce their own food and are adapted to life on land.

produce their own food and are adapted to life on land.

One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that a. Golgi vesicles are found only in prokaryotes. b. prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. c. nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes. d. mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes.

prokaryotes do not have a nucleus.

The root cap a. contains meristematic tissue. b. stores food in the form of starch. c. protects the growing root tip. d. absorbs water.

protects the growing root tip

What is the main function of the electrons shown in Figure 4.2? a. provide energy to break down glucose b. provide energy to make ADP c. provide energy to pump hydrogen ions d. provide energy to form water molecules

provide energy to pump hydrogen ions

The ground tissue in the center of roots and stems a. germinates at least once a year. b. provides support. c. transports food. d. turns into meristem.

provides support.

Proton pumps found in the thylakoid membranes are directly responsible for a. producing NADP+. b. providing the energy to produce ATP molecules. c. generating glucose molecules. d. moving hydrogen atoms out of the thylakoid

providing the energy to produce ATP molecules

The products of photosynthesis are the a. products of cellular respiration. b. reactants of fermentation. c. products of glycolysis. d. reactants of cellular respiration.

reactants of cellular respiration

The stomata are responsible for a. translocation. b. regulating water loss. c. leaf growth. d. the transport of minerals.

regulating water loss.

Unlike passive transport, active transport a. requires energy. b. moves substances down their concentration gradient. c. does not involve carrier proteins. d. All of the above

requires energy

Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus? a. vacuole b. ribosome c. Golgi apparatus d. mitochondrion

ribosome

In a cell, proteins are made on the a. mitochondria. b. nucleus. c. cell membrane. d. ribosomes.

ribosomes

Which organelles are present both inside the nucleolus and on the surface of the ER? a. mitochondria b. ribosomes c. vesicles d. vacuoles

ribosomes

adventitious roots : support :: a. lenticels : storage b. cork cells : transport of fluids c. fibrous roots : photosynthesis d. root hairs : surface area for absorption

root hairs : surface area for absorption

Refer to the illustration. Structure 1 is a. a mitochondrion. b. a Golgi apparatus. c. the nucleus. d. rough endoplasmic reticulum.

rough endoplasmic reticulum.

During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called a. the Calvin cycle. b. the Krebs cycle. c. the electron transport chain. d. None of the above

the Calvin cycle

Water is an end product in a. the Krebs cycle. b. lactic acid fermentation. c. alcoholic fermentation. d. the electron transport chain.

the electron transport chain.

In cellular respiration, a two-carbon molecule combines with a four-carbon molecule as part of a. carbon dioxide fixation. b. the electron transport chain. c. glycolysis. d. the Krebs cycle.

the krebs cycle

Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from a. the sun. b. the rotation of the Earth. c. the moon. d. None of the above

the sun.

Which of the following is the site of the photosystems in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? a. thylakoid membrane b. ATP synthase c. mitochondrial matrix d. stroma

thylakoid membrane

Where in plant cells are the energy-absorbing molecules for photosynthesis located? a. thylakoids b. stroma c. ATP synthase d. mitochondria

thylakoids

In many plants, stomata are found only on the lower surface of the leaf. The most likely explanation for this observation is that a. stomata are closer to vascular bundles that bring water into the leaf. b. water loss would be less on the shady lower surface than in direct sun. c. gas exchange is more efficient from the lower surface. d. photosynthesis only occurs in the spongy mesophyll near the bottom of the leaf.

water loss would be less on the shady lower surface than in direct sun

At what point in the process of diffusion is dynamic equilibrium reached? a. when the movement of the molecules stops being random b. when the rate of change in the solution slows by one half c. when there is continuous movement but no change d. when the molecules are mixed and stop moving

when there is continuous movement but no change

The diagram below shows the stem of a coleus plant. Refer to the illustration above. In the diagram, the tissue labeled B, which conducts water and is made of elongated cells that connect end to end, is called a. ground tissue. b. phloem. c. meristem. d. xylem.

xylem

Which organisms use alcoholic fermentation to allow glycolysis to continue to produce ATP? a. mammals b. humans c. yeasts d. reptiles

yeasts