BSC2086 Ch.23

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex. B) decrease secretion of aldosterone. C) increase release of angiotensin II by the suprarenal glands. D) increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. E) decrease urinary albumin concentration.

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex

Major calyces are A) large tributaries of the renal pelvis. B) expanded ends of nephrons. C) basic functional layers of the kidney. D) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. E) the expanded ends of renal pyramids.

large tributaries of the renal pelvis

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases, A) more urine is produced. B) less urine is produced. C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases. D) more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases. E) none of the above occurs.

more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine, except A) hydrogen ions. B) urea. C) proteins. D) amino acids. E) creatinine.

proteins

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called A) pyramids. B) renal columns. C) renal pelvises. D) nephrons. E) calyces

pyramids

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term nephron loop (loop of Henle)? A) relies on countercurrent multiplication B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration in the renal medulla C) enables production of hypertonic urine D) all of the above E) none of the above

all of the above

Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by A) simple diffusion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) active transport. D) cotransport with Na ions. E) countertransport for bicarbonate ion.

cotransport with Na ions

Secretion of hydrogen ion by the DCT is by the process of A) diffusion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) active transport. D) cotransport. E) countertransport.

countertransport

Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day. A) 480 B) 180 C) 125 D) 18 E) 1.8

180

What percentage of nutrients (glucose, amino acids, etc) are reabsorbed in the PCT? A) 50 B) 90 C) 25 D) 75

90

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation? A) 1 B) 38 C) 63 D) 74 E) 99

99

Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate the net filtration pressure (FP)? (Hint: GHP = glomerular hydrostatic pressure, BCOP = blood colloidal osmotic pressure, CsHP = capsular hydrostatic pressure.) A) FP = GHP + CsHP - BCOP B) FP = GHP - (CsHP + BCOP) C) FP = CsHP + GHP - BCOP D) FP = BCOP - GHP + CsHP E) FP = BCOP + (GHP - CsHP)

FP= GHP - (CsHP+BCOP)

Substances larger than ________ do not pass through the filtration membrane. A) sodium ions B) glucose C) albumin D) amino acids E) urea

albumin

Autoregulation of the rate of glomerular filtration has which of the following properties? A) depends on changes in the afferent arteriole B) depends on changes in the mesangial cells C) depends on changes in the efferent arteriole D) all of the above E) none of the above

all of the above

Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include A) hydrogen. B) penicillin. C) creatinine. D) potassium ions. E) all of the above

all of the above

The process of filtration is driven by A) active transport. B) blood osmotic pressure. C) blood hydrostatic pressure. D) renal pumping. E) solvent drag.

blood hydrostatic pressure

Renal columns are A) internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule. B) expanded ends of the ureters. C) the basic functional units of the kidney. D) bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex. E) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla.

bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex

The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of three layers: A) filtration slits, foot processes, and slit pores. B) fenestrations, matrix, and foot processes. C) endothelium of glomerulus, dense layer of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits. D) dense layer of glomerulus, foot processes, and fenestrations in the capsule. E) podocyte filtration slits, matrix cells in the glomerulus, and endothelium of glomerulus.

endothelium of glomerulus, dense layer of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx? A) releases renin B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration C) final urine enters here D) initial filtrate enters here E) tip of the medullary pyramid

final urine enters here

Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. Which of those pressures is a pressure that favors the filtration pressure? A) glomerular hydrostatic pressure B) capsular hydrostatic pressure C) capsular colloid osmotic pressure D) blood colloid osmotic pressure E) urinary bladder hydrostatic pressure

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

The structure known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus is located near the A) the proximal convoluted tubule. B) glomerulus. C) the collecting duct. D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). E) renal papilla.

glomerulus

Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following, except A) produce venoconstriction of blood reservoirs. B) increase the glomerular filtration rate. C) increase cardiac output. D) stimulate peripheral vasoconstriction. E) increase systemic blood pressure.

increase the glomerular filtration rate

The outermost layer of the kidney is the A) renal cortex. B) renal medulla. C) major calyx. D) fibrous capsule. E) renal pelvis.

renal cortex

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the A) renal papilla. B) renal pelvis. C) renal medulla. D) renal cortex. E) renal sinus.

renal pelvis

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the A) renal sinus. B) renal pelvis. C) renal calyx. D) renal hilum. E) renal corpuscle.

renal pelvis

Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following, except A) active transport. B) facilitated diffusion. C) secondary active transport. D) osmosis. E) stem cell movements.

stem cell movements

Which of the following is greater? A) the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the beginning of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) B) the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) C) The concentrations at the top and bottom are identical

the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop

The process of filtration occurs at A) the proximal convoluted tubule. B) the distal convoluted tubule. C) the collecting duct. D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). E) the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.

the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla? A) releases renin B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration C) final urine enters here D) initial filtrate enters here E) tip of the medullary pyramid

tip of the medullary pyramid

The glomerular hydrostatic pressure is significantly higher than the capsular hydrostatic pressure

true

The micturition reflex is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.

true

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce A) a larger volume of urine. B) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. C) urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. D) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions. E) urine with less glucose.

urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions