Computer Science (Fundamental Programming)
operating system
(computer science) software that controls the execution of computer programs and may provide various services. Can do things like Process Management, Memory Management, Networking and Security. Popular Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Apple IOS.
Compiler
A program that translates code in a high-level language (such as Java) to machine instructions (such as bytecode for the Java virtual machine). In my own words, translates source program into binary machine code.
Machine Language (Machine Code)
A set of instructions built into a computer. It is in a binary code.
runtime error
An error that does not occur until the program has started to execute but that prevents the program from continuing. It causes the program to abort.
Components of a Computer
CPU/Processor Memory (RAM) Storage Input Devices Output Devices
output/input computer
Output: monitor and printer Input: Keyboard and Mouse
Memory - RAM and ROM
Part of the computer is used to store data and programs in digital format for access later. Random access memory is the temporary, quick access to data. Read-only memory is hardwired instructions a computer uses to boot up.
Storage (SSD/HDD)
Permanently store programs and data. HDD is a mechanical spinning disk and is slower than SSD. SSD is nonmechanical and faster.
Storage and Memory info
Programs and data are permanently stored in storage devices and are moved to memory when computer actually uses them.
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The internal operating unit or "brain" of a computer. CPU: ALU + CU ALU: Arithmetic and logic unit, performs all the arithmetic and logical expression. All mathematic calculations take place. CU: Control Unit, Decodes the instruction and control all the other internal components of the CPU to make it work.
syntax error (compiler error)
a problem in the structure of a program that causes the compiler to fail
logic error (bug)
program runs but does the wrong thing, and it produce incorrect result.
