CH. 12

When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?

connecting the fortress with the tumor

Intermediate states can be created by

creating subgoals

. ____ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving

Gestalt psychologists

In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Participants in the ____ group had the fastest response time

bread and butter

In the movie Apollo 13, astronauts aboard a damaged spacecraft have to build a carbon dioxide filter out of random items that are aboard the ship with them. If they do not, they will all die rapidly of carbon dioxide poisoning. The fact that they are able to do so with the help of experts on Earth is similar to the _______ approach developed by Ronald Finke.

divergent thinking

Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the lightbulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. They found the ____ version to be more effective, because it had ____ features in common with the radiation problem

fragile-glass; structural

Newell and Simon called the conditions at the beginning of the problem the

initial state

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)

novel object

Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. Once they created an object, they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category. Finke used the term preinventive forms to describe the novel objects before a function was described

novel objects before a function was described

Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the _____ problem

source

Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if

the box is empty

Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that

the way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?

two-string problem

Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness

using a juice glass as a container for orange juice

The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine

what information a person is attending to while solving a problem