CH 14

Odors are associated with emotions and memories because the olfactory bulb is connected to what part of the brain?

amygdala-hippocampal complex

Total absence of a sense of smell is referred to as:

anosmia

_____ percentage of the human brain is devoted to smell

0.1

What is the size of each olfactory epithelium?

1-2 sq inch

Dogs have _____ times more OSNs than humans have

100

How many OSN's do dogs have?

100 million

How many olfactory epithelium do we have?

2

How long do your OSNs last?

28 days

How many types of cells are there in the olfactory epithelium?

3

For a smell sensation to be reported, there must be about _____ nerve impulses.

40

_____ percentage of the dog brain is devoted to smell

5

It used to be thought that we have 20 million OSN. It is more recently believed that we have:

5- 10 million

To create an action potential or nerve impulse, about _____ odor molecules must bind to a receptor.

7-8

Two molecules that are mirror images of each other and that contain the same atoms are referred to as:

stereoisomers

vibration theory of olfaction

Proposes that every perceived smell has a different vibrational frequency, and that molecules that produce the same vibrational frequencies will smell the same

Do stereoisomers smell the same, similar, or completely different?

completely different

There is a bone through which the axons of the OSNs must pass. What is the name of this bone?

cribform plate

OSN axons come together to form the _____.

olfactory nerve

What is the difference between humans and dogs in their sense of smell

dogs can sense odors at concentrations nearly 100 million times lower than humans can detect

Where is the cribriform plate?

eyebrow level that seperates nose from brain

Every chemical compound is an odorant. True or false?

false

The side of the nostril and the side of the brain that information goes to is contralateral. True or false?

false

What are the primary functions of the nose?

filter, humidify, & warm

The stimuli for odors are chemical compounds or:

odorant

The shape-pattern theory of olfaction is based on the idea that

odorant molecules are different shapes and odorant receptors are different shapes. and odor will be detected by a specific receptor that fits into the receptor

The more scientific name for our sense of smell is:

olfaction

The "retina of the nose" is called the

olfactor epithelium

The part of the brain that first receives information about smell is the:

olfactory bulb

When odorant molecules travel up our nose and onto the olfactory epithelium, this is referred to as

orthonasal olfaction

When odorant molecules travel through our mouth and up from the back of the mouth onto the olfactory epithelium, this is referred to as

retronasal olfaction

Name the two major theories of olfactory perception

shape-pattern theory & vibration theory

How big is the olfactory bulb?

size of a blueberry

The inability to smell one specific odor when one otherwise has normal smell perception is referred to as

specific anosmia

Name the types of cells that are in the olfactory epithelium

supporting & basal cells, olfactory sensory neuron (OSN)

For a particular OSN, one end is in the olfactory epithelium and the other end terminates in the olfactory bulb. True or false?

true

Humans and dogs can smell about the same number of scents. True or false?

true

Olfactory sensations are also referred to as odors. True or false?

true