Ch 15 Infectious or Communicable Disorder

The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old boy with mumps. Which of the following statements by the child would cause the nurse to suspect the boy is experiencing a complication of mumps? a) "My knees are sore and stiff." b) "I keep coughing up mucus." c) "Please talk a little louder." d) "I feel wobbly when I walk."

"Please talk a little louder." Correct Explanation: Complications of mumps include meningoencephalitis with seizures and auditory neuritis, which can result in deafness

The nurse is providing teaching to the parents of child with varicella. Which of the following statements indicates that the parents have understood the instructions? a) "The lesions should eventually form soft crusts that drain." b) "We need to make sure that he washes his hands frequently." c) "If he has a fever, we can give him some aspirin." d) "We should apply alcohol to the lesions every four hours."

"We need to make sure that he washes his hands frequently." Explanation: The child with varicella needs to wash his hand frequently with antibacterial soap to reduce bacterial colonization

Which of the following is a true statement regarding varicella zoster virus infection? a) The incubation period is 7 days. b) It is transmitted by fecal-oral route. c) It tends to be more severe in children. d) A complication of this infection includes secondary bacterial infections of the skin.

A complication of this infection includes secondary bacterial infections of the skin. Correct

A nursing instructor is teaching the students about the standard and transmission-based precautions. What type of precautions requires placing a patient in an isolated room with limited access, wearing gloves during contact with the patient and all body fluids or contaminated items, wearing two layers of protective clothing, and avoiding sharing equipment between patients? a) Droplet precautions b) Standard precautions c) Airborne precautions d) Contact precautions

Contact precautions Correct Explanation: Contact precautions means placing the patient in an isolation room with limited access, wearing gloves during contact with the patient and all body fluids, wearing two layers of protective clothing, limiting movement of the patient from the room, and avoiding sharing equipment between patients

A group of camp nurses is discussing various types of tick bites. One of the nurses states that deer ticks are carried by white-footed mice and white-tailed deer, and can carry the organism that causes which of the following diseases? a) Gonorrhea b) Lyme disease c) Rheumatic fever d) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Lyme disease Correct Explanation: Deer ticks, carried by white-footed mice and white-tailed deer, can carry the organism that causes lyme disease.

Which of the following begins as an upper respiratory illness and progresses to a persistent cough characterized by an inspiratory whoop? a) TB b) Sepsis c) HIV d) Pertussis

Pertussis Correct Explanation: Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, begins as an upper respiratory illness and progresses to a persistent cough characterized by an inspiratory whoop

The most common complication of varicella includes which of the following? a) Pneumonia b) Encephalitis c) Scarring d) Secondary bacterial infections

Secondary bacterial infections Correct Explanation: The most common complication of varicella is secondary bacterial infection caused by the child scratching the lesions.

The nurse at the pediatrician's office receives a call from the mother of a child who has just been bitten by the neighbor's dog. Which of the following would be the priority? a) Describe methods of managing a fever. b) Explain how to educate the child about animals. c) Explain how to care for the dog bite. d) Tell the mother to seek medical help immediately.

Tell the mother to seek medical help immediately. Correct Explanation: The mother should seek medical help for her child immediately. Once the child has been seen by a physician, it can be determined whether immunoprophylaxis is necessary.

One method of preventing communicable diseases in children is to administer vaccines to stimulate the development of antibodies. Which of the following best describes what occurs in the child when vaccines are given? a) The child develops a passive immunity. b) The child develops an active immunity. c) The child becomes a carrier of the disease. d) The child becomes a host for the disease.

The child develops an active immunity. Correct Explanation: When a vaccine is given, active immunity occurs which then stimulates the development of antibodies to destroy infective agents without causing the disease.

The nurse is caring for a child hospitalized with pertussis. Which of the following nursing interventions would be the highest priority for this child? a) The nurse will administer oxygen. b) The nurse will monitor caloric intake. c) The nurse will administer antibiotics. d) The nurse will encourage bed rest.

The nurse will administer oxygen. Explanation: The major complication of pertussis (whooping cough) is pneumonia and respiratory complications. Oxygen, bed rest, and monitor for airway obstruction are nursing interventions. The highest priority is administering oxygen to maintain adequate oxygenation of cells.

The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old boy with diphtheria. Which of the following would the nurse institute as a tier 2 precaution? a) Use of a protective mask b) Use of a protective face shield c) Negative air pressure ventilation d) Use of a protective gown

Use of a protective mask Explanation: Use of a protective mask if within 3 feet of the child is a tier 2 precaution with diphtheria, which is transmitted through contact with droplets. Use of a protective gown is a tier 2 precaution for contact transmission. Negative air pressure ventilation is a tier 2 precaution for airborne transmission. Face shields are part of tier 1 precautions against contaminated splashes.

A child in the clinic has a fever and reports a sore neck. Upon assessment the nurse finds a swollen parotid gland. The nurse suspects which of the following infectious diseases? a) scabies b) mumps c) whooping cough d) measles

mumps Correct Explanation: Mumps is an infectious disease with a primary symptom of a swollen parotid gland.

After teaching a class to a group of nursing students about reporting infectious diseases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the instructor determines a need for additional discussion when the students identify which infection as being reportable? a) Gonorrhea b) Lyme disease c) Pinworm d) Pertussis

Pinworm Correct Explanation: Pinworm infections are not required to be reported.

The public health nurse is discussing immunizations with a group of caregivers of infants. One of the mothers asks the nurse why the child will need immunizations. Which of the following statements would be the most appropriate statement for the nurse to make to this mother? a) "Infants are unable to develop antibodies to protect them from diseases so they must be immunized." b) "The antibodies the fetus gets from the mother are in the placenta, so after birth they are no longer available to the infant." c) "The infant is born with immunity to some diseases, but those immunities decrease over the first year of life." d) "The immunities that the infant is born with are not for the same diseases they will be immunized against."

"The infant is born with immunity to some diseases, but those immunities decrease over the first year of life." Explanation: During fetal life, the mother's antibodies cross the placenta, giving the fetus a temporary immunity against certain diseases. This immunity is present at birth and decreases during the first year of life. In the meantime, the infant begins developing antibodies to fight against pathogens and disease. In addition, during the first year of life immunizations are started to help the infant develop protection against certain diseases. (less)

Parents bring their 9-year-old child to the clinic for a well-child visit. They are concerned because several children in the neighborhood have developed Lyme disease and asks for suggestions on what to do to reduce their child's risk. Which of the following would be appropriate for the nurse to suggest? Select all that apply. a) Contacting the health care provider if there is any area of inflammation that might be a bite. b) Dressing the child in dark clothing when going outdoors. c) Removing ticks by rubbing them away from the skin with a credit card. d) Inspecting the skin closely for ticks after the child plays in wooded areas. e) Wearing protective clothing when playing in wooded areas.

• Wearing protective clothing when playing in wooded areas. • Inspecting the skin closely for ticks after the child plays in wooded areas. • Contacting the health care provider if there is any area of inflammation that might be a bite.