Ch 35 part 3 Endocrine System
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?
1. Aldosterone: Regulates sodium absorption in kidneys 2. Cortisol; reduces inflammantion, regulates energy level, and regulates body's reaction to stress 3. Epinephrine and norepinephrine (aka adrenaline)
What is diabetes?
A disease that results because the body cannot produce insulin nor cannot properly use it.
Where are the adrenal glands?
Just above the kidneys
What are the hormones secreted by the pancreas that work together to maintain blood glucose levels?
1. Insulin; When blood glucose levels are high, insulin signals cells to convert glucose to glycogen to be stroed in liver 2. Glucagon; when blood glucose levels are low, glucagon signals liver cells to convert glycogen back to glucose and release to blood
What are the 2 classifications of hormones?
1. Steroid hormones 2. Amino Acid hormones
What are the hormones secreted by the thyroid and parathyroid glands that have opposite effects on blood calcium levels?
1.Thyroid produces calcitonin, which signals bones to increase calcium absorption 2. Parathyroid produces parathyroid hormone, which stimulates bones to release calcium
What is negative feedback?
A mechanism that returns a system to a set point onnce it deviates from that set point.
What is a hormone?
A substance that acts on certain target cells and tissues to produce a specific response
Steroid hormones
Activate target cells to begin protein synthesis
What causes an "adrenaline rush"?
Adrenal gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine which increases heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, blood sugar levels and activity of cells
How does your body regulate the production of homomes?
By negative feedback
Amino Acid hormones
Composed of amino acids annd activate enzymes to begin a biochemical pathway
What is the pathway of hormones from the endocrine glands?
Endocrine gland to bloodstream to receptor in or on target cell
What part of the body produces hormones?
Endocrine glands
What are the human body systems regulated by?
Hormonal feedback mechanisms
What is one hormone that the pituitary gland secretes and what does it do?
Human growth hormone (hGH); regulates the body's physical growth by stimulating cell division in muscle and bone
Where is the pituitary gland located?
In the base of the brain
What are the endocrine glands of the endocrine system?
Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes
Where are the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
Right above the clavicle
How does negative feedback work?
the body detects how much hormone is present and if there is tooo little, it produces more. If there is enough hormone, it does not produce any more.